CN114311761A - VARTM device and method integrating temperature, perfusion speed and pressure - Google Patents
VARTM device and method integrating temperature, perfusion speed and pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114311761A CN114311761A CN202210008645.4A CN202210008645A CN114311761A CN 114311761 A CN114311761 A CN 114311761A CN 202210008645 A CN202210008645 A CN 202210008645A CN 114311761 A CN114311761 A CN 114311761A
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- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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Abstract
A VARTM device and a VARTM method integrating temperature, perfusion speed and pressure relate to the field of composite material preparation and solve the problems that the existing composite material product is poor in local impregnation or the base material in dry yarns and special-shaped parts is not uniformly distributed and the like. The method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a feeding system, a temperature control system, a flow control system, a pressure system and a forming workbench, wherein the feeding system is used for providing a base material for a closed mold; the temperature control system is used for adjusting the pouring temperature and the curing temperature of the base material; the flow control system is used for adjusting the pouring speed of the base material; the pressure system is used for applying pressure to the mould in the curing stage; the molding workbench is used for providing a closed space for the composite material injection molding and curing process. The invention provides an all-dimensional integrated production control system with completely accurate and controllable temperature, flow rate and pressure, which can adjust different molding temperature, pouring speed and pressure aiming at different base materials, thereby ensuring the quality and production efficiency of composite material products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material manufacturing, and particularly relates to a VARTM device and a VARTM method integrating temperature, perfusion speed and pressure.
Background
Due to the excellent specific strength and rigidity of the composite material, the composite material is considered to be one of the most promising materials of future light structures, and also meets the green development requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection in application. With the continuous development of economy and science and technology, the traditional energy reserves are continuously reduced, the artificially synthesized composite material has a larger substitute space, the market demand is increasingly increased, and the development of the industry is further promoted. At present, the composite material is mainly used in the fields of electronics, household appliances, automobiles, sports and leisure, wind power generation, rail traffic, ships, aerospace, building energy conservation and the like, plays an important role in national economy, and is an industry in which national industrial policies focus on encouraging development.
Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) is one of the more widely used injection moulding processes, which is suitable for high quality, small volume and large size articles. Compared with the traditional autoclave forming process, the process has the outstanding characteristics of low mold cost, almost unlimited product size and the like. The composite material processed by the method has high fiber content, excellent mechanical property and wide product size range, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing large products.
At present, when the existing VARTM process is used for preparing composite materials, due to the synergistic effect of temperature, pouring speed and pressure, the composite material products have the defects of poor local impregnation or uneven distribution of base materials in dry yarns and special-shaped parts, and the like, so that the quality and the performance of the products are influenced to a great extent, and the application and the development of the materials in related industries are restricted. The VARTM device and the VARTM method which integrate temperature, filling speed and pressure have important significance for solving the problems and ensuring product quality and performance, and more importantly, the integration of the composite material forming process can be better realized, so that the production efficiency and the automation level are further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
(I) technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the forming process of the traditional VARTM process, the invention provides a VARTM device and a method integrating temperature, perfusion speed and pressure, so as to overcome the defects of the existing method and realize the high-quality and high-efficiency preparation of composite material products.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the VARTM device and the method integrating temperature, perfusion speed and pressure in one body adopt the main technical scheme that: a feeding system, a temperature control system, a flow control system, a pressure system and a forming workbench.
The feeding system is used for providing liquid matrix material into the sealed mould;
the temperature control system is used for adjusting the pouring temperature of the base material and the curing temperature of the composite material in the molding process;
the flow control system is used for adjusting the pouring speed of the liquid matrix material entering the die;
the pressure system is used for applying pressure to the mould in the curing stage;
the molding workbench is used for providing a closed space for the composite material injection molding and curing process.
In a preferred embodiment, the temperature control system comprises a heating wire, a heat preservation layer, a refrigerating pipe, a temperature sensor, a control cable, a data acquisition system, a stabilizing frame and a limiting frame, and the controllable temperature range is-10-180 ℃. The heating wires are positioned on the lower side of the mold and the upper side of the base. The refrigerating pipes are positioned around the heating wires and are jointly arranged on the inner side of the mold. The control cable is connected with the heating wire, the refrigerating pipe and the data acquisition system, so that the temperature in the mold is regulated and controlled to rise or fall. The limiting frame is located below the heating wire and the refrigerating pipe and used for limiting the position of the heating wire and the refrigerating pipe. The stabilizing frame is positioned between the base and the mold and used for stably fixing the mold.
In a preferred embodiment, the flow control system comprises a flow sensor, a data acquisition system, a control cable, and a flow control valve. The flow sensor is connected with a material guide pipe at the inlet of the forming workbench, is connected with the data acquisition system and is used for monitoring flow data at the inlet. The control cable is connected with the valve and the data acquisition system, and the sectional area of the valve is timely controlled by monitoring flow data, so that the filling speed of the base material is better controlled.
In a preferred embodiment, the pressure system comprises an elastic pressure head, a lifting frame, a pressure sensor and a control cable, and the pressure of the pressure system can be controlled to be 0-4 MPa. The lifting frame is positioned at the forming workbench, the elastic pressure head is fixed at the upper end, and when the base material injection is completed and the curing stage is entered, the pressure exerted on the die is regulated and controlled by controlling the descending displacement of the pressure head, so that the defect of local base material enrichment is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the forming station comprises a mould, a flow-guiding net, a permeable paper, a release cloth, a high temperature resistant vacuum bag, a sealing rubber strip and a fibre preform. The mould is located heater strip and refrigeration pipe upside, preform downside, and links to each other with temperature sensor, need brush the release agent twice on the mould shaping face before placing the preform, wherein the unlimited shape of mould can be for the dysmorphism mould. The demolding cloth, the penetrating paper, the flow guide net and the temperature-resistant vacuum bag are sequentially paved on the upper surface of the prefabricated body. The temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the base material during pouring and curing. The sealing rubber strip is used for bonding the mold and the temperature-resistant vacuum bag to form a closed vacuum space, and the two sides of the mold are respectively connected with the material guide pipes for subsequent injection of the matrix material.
The present invention also provides a method of operating a device as described above, the method of operating the device comprising the steps of:
s1, placing the liquid base material which is uniformly mixed and stirred and vacuumized to remove bubbles in a material tank for heat preservation and standing;
s2, arranging a flow control system at an inlet material guide position of the forming workbench;
s3, brushing the mold release agent on the surface of the mold twice, paving the prefabricated part, the release cloth, the permeable paper, the flow guide net and the temperature-resistant vacuum bag on the surface of the mold from bottom to top in sequence, bonding the mold and the temperature-resistant vacuum bag by using a sealing rubber strip to form a closed space, placing a temperature sensor in the closed space, presetting the temperature of a forming workbench by a computer, and simultaneously pumping the closed space to a vacuum state;
and S4, opening the material port control switch, and allowing the liquid matrix material to enter the forming area through the material guide pipe and the flow control valve. In the process, the flow and the temperature of the base material are monitored in real time through a computer, the prefabricated body is observed until the prefabricated body is completely soaked, a material port control switch is closed, and the vacuum state is continuously kept;
s5, after the curing stage, setting the temperature of the forming workbench to the curing temperature required by the matrix material through computer control, simultaneously moving the pressure head downwards until the pressure value reaches the pressure value required by the work, preserving heat and maintaining pressure for a period of time (set according to the specific matrix material requirement), and keeping the vacuum state in the whole process;
and S6, after the solidification is finished, releasing the pressure, cooling and closing the vacuum pump to obtain the composite material product.
And S7, cleaning the workbench, and then carrying out the steps again to prepare the next product.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a VARTM device and a method integrating temperature, perfusion speed and pressure, which have the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the VARTM device and the VARTM method capable of controlling the temperature, the pouring speed and the pressure, the temperature of the base material and the curing temperature in the composite material forming process are regulated and controlled through the temperature control system, the optimal flowing state, the optimal filling property and the optimal curing temperature of the base material are ensured, the defects of insufficient local infiltration, pores and the like of a composite material product are effectively avoided, and the finished product rate and the quality of a finished product are improved.
2. According to the VARTM device and the VARTM method capable of controlling the temperature, the perfusion speed and the pressure, the perfusion speed is adjusted through the flow control system, so that the fiber preform is fully infiltrated by the matrix, and the defect of insufficient infiltration is avoided.
3. The VARTM device and the method with controllable temperature, pouring speed and pressure can apply pressure in the curing process according to different shapes of workpieces, so that the molding-curing integrated process is realized, the cost is reduced, and the product quality and the production efficiency are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure of a molding table in the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a macroscopic view of the surface of a plain carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite plate with a molding temperature of 35 ℃ and 10 ℃ and a maximum potting rate without applying pressure.
FIG. 4 is a macroscopic view of the surface of a plain weave carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite sheet with a molding temperature of 25 deg.C, a pouring speed of maximum and 1/2 maximum speeds, respectively, and no pressure applied.
[ description of reference ]
1: a data acquisition system; 2: a numerical control cable; 3: a material tank; 4: a material port control switch; 5: a material guide pipe; 6: a flow control valve; 7: a flow sensor; 8: a temperature sensor; 9: an electric heating wire; 10: a refrigeration pipe; 11: a limiting frame; 12: a mold; 13: a recoverer; 14: a vacuum pump; 15: a lifting frame; 16: an elastic pressure head; 17: a pressure sensor; 18: a temperature-resistant vacuum bag; 19: a flow guide net; 20: penetrating the paper; 21: demolding the cloth; 22: prefabricating a body; 23: sealing rubber strips; 24: a stabilizer frame; 25: a chassis.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present invention by way of specific embodiments thereof.
Example 1
The present embodiment mainly considers the influence of the mold temperature. The specific process comprises the following steps: in the preparation of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite, firstly, A, B components of matrix material epoxy resin are uniformly mixed, degassed and then statically placed in a material tank of a feeding system; meanwhile, coating a release agent on the surface of a flat plate type mold in a forming workbench twice, placing eight layers of prefabricated bodies of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics (the size of each layer of plain-woven carbon fiber fabrics is 300mm multiplied by 300mm), release fabric, permeable paper and a flow guide net on the flat plate type mold in sequence after the prefabricated bodies are dried, gluing and sealing the mold, the material guide pipes on two sides and a high-temperature resistant vacuum bag by using a sealing adhesive tape, placing a temperature sensor in the closed vacuum bag, and extracting gas in the space by using a vacuum pump to form a vacuum closed environment and maintaining the vacuum for one hour. Secondly, the temperature is respectively regulated and controlled by using a data acquisition system and is stabilized at 10 ℃ and 35 ℃, a material port control switch is immediately opened, so that the epoxy resin is injected into the closed space of the forming workbench under the suction force of a vacuum pump, and the flow rate is set to be in the maximum state at the moment until the upper layer of the preform is completely soaked and kept in the state for 1 hour. And thirdly, closing the material port control switch, entering a curing stage, regulating and controlling the temperature to 70 ℃, keeping the vacuum state for 2 hours in the whole process, and applying no pressure in the process. And finally, cutting and detecting whether defects exist inside the two composite plates. As is evident from fig. 3, the composite board has the best filling effect at a temperature of 35 ℃, and the composite board has dry yarn defects with obviously insufficient infiltration at the corners at a temperature of 10 ℃. This example illustrates that temperature affects the final internal structure and product yield of a composite article.
Example 2
The present embodiment primarily considers the perfusion rate effect. The specific process comprises the following steps: the experimental materials and previous steps were the same as in example 1, except that both samples were set at 25 ℃ and the infusion rate was set at maximum rate and 1/2 maximum rate, respectively, and the subsequent operations were the same as in example 1. As is apparent from fig. 4, the filling effect of the composite material plate is best when the filling speed is slow, and the air hole defect occurs locally at the tail end of the composite material plate when the filling speed is high. This example illustrates that the infusion rate affects the final structure and product yield of the composite article.
Regarding the problem analysis of pressure on the enrichment of local matrix, the above case has almost no difference in the influence of gravity because the mold is a plane, and if the mold is a curved surface special-shaped mold, a small amount of liquid matrix material will flow downwards under the action of gravity, so that the enrichment of matrix at the lower part of the product is caused, thereby affecting the precision and performance of the product. And in the curing stage, the liquid at the low-position enriched part of the matrix flows to the periphery by applying pressure to the mould, so that the uniform distribution of the matrix material in the composite material product is facilitated. The invention adopts the elastic pressure head to have the following functions: (1) the elastic pressure head can change the shape of the elastic pressure head according to the contact mould when pressing, and the shape difference of the replacement mould is not large, so the elastic pressure head does not need to be replaced; (2) the elastic pressure head can more uniformly transmit the pressure to all directions of the die, and the damage to fibers in a workpiece can not be caused; and (3) improving the yield and the production efficiency.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and not to limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A VARTM apparatus and method that integrates temperature, perfusion rate, and pressure, comprising: a feeding system, a temperature control system, a flow control system, a pressure system and a forming workbench. The feeding system is used for supplying liquid matrix materials into the closed mould; the temperature control system is used for adjusting the pouring temperature of the base material and the curing temperature of the composite material in the molding process; the flow control system is used for adjusting the pouring speed of the liquid matrix material entering the die; the pressure system is used for applying pressure to the mould in the curing stage; the forming workbench is used for providing a closed space for the composite material pouring forming and curing process.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding system comprises a material tank (3), a material port control switch (4), a flow guide pipe (5), a recoverer (13) and a vacuum pump (14), wherein the liquid substrate enters the forming workbench through the flow guide pipe (5) after vacuum defoaming in the material tank (3). The recoverer (13) is positioned between the mould (12) and the vacuum pump (14) and is used for collecting excessive matrix materials and preventing the matrix materials from entering the vacuum pump (14), and a power source for filling the matrix materials is provided by the vacuum pump (14) in the whole process.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature control system comprises a temperature sensor (8), an electric heating wire (9), a refrigeration pipe (10), a data acquisition system (1), a control cable (2), a stabilizing frame (24) and a limiting frame (11). The electric heating wire (9) and the refrigerating pipe (10) are simultaneously positioned on the inner side of the mold (12) and the upper side of the bottom frame (25) and used for heating or cooling the base material in the mold in the forming workbench, so that accurate temperature control is realized. The data acquisition system (1) is connected with the temperature sensor (8) and used for collecting and monitoring temperature change in the forming process in real time and regulating and controlling the temperature change through the control cable (2), and the temperature regulation and control range is-10-180 ℃.
4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow control system comprises a flow sensor (7), a data acquisition system (1), a control cable (2) and a flow control valve (6). The flow sensor (7) is located at an inlet of the forming workbench, is connected with the data acquisition system (1) and is used for monitoring flow data at the inlet, and the control cable (2) is connected with the flow control valve (7) and the data acquisition system (1) and is used for regulating and controlling the flow.
5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure system comprises a crane (15), an elastic ram (16), a pressure sensor (17) and a control cable (2). The lifting frame (15) is arranged on the upper part of the forming workbench and connected with the elastic pressure head (16). The pressure sensor (17) is connected with the elastic pressure head and the data acquisition system (1) and is used for monitoring the pressure on the die and regulating and controlling the pressure. The control cable (2) is connected with the data acquisition system (1) and the lifting frame (15) and used for controlling the descending or ascending displacement of the elastic pressure head (16), wherein the controllable range of the pressure is 0-4 MPa.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the forming station comprises a mould (12), a high temperature resistant vacuum bag (18), a flow guiding net (19), a permeable paper (20), a release fabric (21), a preform (22), and a sealing strip (23). The temperature-resistant vacuum bag (18) and the mould (12) form a closed space through a sealing rubber strip (23), the flow guide net (19), the penetrating paper (20), the demoulding cloth (21) and the prefabricated part (22) are sequentially placed in the closed space from top to bottom, vacuum pumping is carried out before matrix materials are injected, and the sealing effect is tested in a pressure maintaining mode; the temperature sensor (8) is connected with the data acquisition system (1) at the same time and used for monitoring and acquiring the temperature of the base material in the molding area in real time so as to regulate and control the temperature of the molding area.
7. A method of operation comprising the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method of operation comprises the steps of:
s1, placing the liquid base material which is uniformly mixed and stirred and vacuumized to remove bubbles in a material tank for heat preservation and standing;
s2, arranging a flow control system at an inlet material guide pipe of the forming workbench;
s3, brushing the mold release agent on the surface of the mold twice, paving the prefabricated part, the release cloth, the permeable paper, the flow guide net and the temperature-resistant vacuum bag on the surface of the mold from bottom to top in sequence, bonding the mold and the temperature-resistant vacuum bag by using a sealing rubber strip to form a closed space, placing a temperature sensor in the closed space, presetting the temperature of a forming workbench by a computer, and simultaneously pumping the closed space to a vacuum state;
s4, opening a material port control switch, enabling the liquid matrix material to enter a forming area through a material guide pipe and a flow control valve, monitoring the flow and the temperature of the matrix material in real time through a computer in the process, observing the prefabricated body until the prefabricated body is completely soaked, closing the material port control switch, and continuously keeping the vacuum state;
s5, after the curing stage, controlling the temperature of the forming workbench to be the curing temperature of the matrix material through a computer, simultaneously moving the pressure head downwards until the pressure head reaches the pressure value required by the work, preserving heat and pressure for a period of time (set according to the specific matrix material requirement), and keeping the vacuum state in the whole process;
and S6, after the solidification is finished, releasing the pressure, cooling and closing the vacuum pump to obtain the composite material product.
And S7, cleaning the workbench, and then carrying out the steps again to prepare the next product.
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Cited By (1)
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