CN114310489B - Device and method for inhibiting sound wave vibration in thin-wall workpiece machining - Google Patents
Device and method for inhibiting sound wave vibration in thin-wall workpiece machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN114310489B CN114310489B CN202210085018.0A CN202210085018A CN114310489B CN 114310489 B CN114310489 B CN 114310489B CN 202210085018 A CN202210085018 A CN 202210085018A CN 114310489 B CN114310489 B CN 114310489B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for inhibiting sound wave vibration in thin-wall workpiece processing. The cutting force in the cutting process of the aluminum alloy material is measured through a measuring instrument, the cutting force is decomposed into a plurality of sine waves by Fourier series expansion, and the waveform of the sound wave emitting device is designed according to each component obtained by decomposing the cutting force. And according to the modal analysis result, selecting a region with weak rigidity as a target region for suppressing vibration by sound waves. The sine wave obtained by decomposing the cutting force and the sine wave generated by the sound wave emitter act on the front surface and the back surface of the workpiece respectively, the displacement responses generated by the workpiece are mutually offset, and the vibration of the workpiece can be inhibited to a certain degree. And respectively measuring the processing displacement response of the workpiece after the acoustic wave front is applied and the acoustic wave signal is applied by adopting a displacement sensor, and analyzing the vibration suppression effect of the acoustic wave.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece machining, in particular to a device and a method for inhibiting sound wave vibration in thin-wall workpiece machining.
Background
The machining vibration phenomenon is often generated in the machining process of the thin-wall part, the surface quality of the workpiece can be reduced and the machining efficiency is influenced due to the generation of the machining vibration, and the machining quality and the improvement of the machining efficiency of the part are seriously restricted.
The existing machining vibration suppression methods mainly comprise the following steps: the active damper restrains machining vibration, the passive damper restrains machining vibration, and machining technological parameters are adjusted to restrain machining vibration. The application of the active damper and the passive damper requires the damper to be connected to the surface of a workpiece, so that the structure of the clamp becomes more complex, the rigidity of the workpiece is poor for a thin-wall workpiece, and the problem of machining vibration cannot be completely solved by adjusting machining process parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the problems mentioned in the background art, and the present invention proposes a method for generating a sound wave signal by a sound transmitter and transmitting the sound wave signal to the surface of a workpiece, so that the sound wave signal excitation and the tool machining excitation are superimposed on each other, and if the resultant excitation is reduced or cancelled, the generated response displacement is reduced or cancelled, thereby reducing the response displacement of the machined workpiece and suppressing the machining vibration.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
thin wall work piece processing sound wave vibration suppression device, wherein: the device comprises an acoustic wave emitter, a thin-wall workpiece, a milling cutter and a dynamometer, wherein the thin-wall workpiece is fixed on the dynamometer, a side edge of the milling cutter processes one side of the thin-wall workpiece and generates cutting force, the dynamometer is used for measuring the cutting force of the thin-wall workpiece in the cutting process and solving the cutting force to obtain the vibration frequency and the phase of the acoustic wave generated by the thin-wall workpiece in the cutting process, the acoustic wave emitter is fixed on the other side of the thin-wall workpiece and is used for emitting acoustic waves with specific frequency and amplitude to the thin-wall workpiece, and in the thin-wall workpiece, the acoustic waves emitted by the acoustic wave emitter are the same as the vibration frequency of the acoustic wave generated by the milling cutter in the machining process, and the phases of the acoustic waves are opposite.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
the number of the acoustic wave emitters is several.
The number of the acoustic wave emitters is two, namely an acoustic wave emitter A and an acoustic wave emitter B, and the acoustic wave emitters A and the acoustic wave emitters B are distributed on the same side of the thin-wall workpiece.
The thin-wall workpiece is fixed on the dynamometer through a locking screw.
The method for inhibiting the processing sound wave vibration of the thin-wall workpiece comprises the following steps:
fixing a thin-wall workpiece on a dynamometer, and machining one side of the thin-wall workpiece by using a side edge of a milling cutter;
designing processing technological parameters of the thin-wall workpiece through an orthogonal experiment, measuring the cutting force of the thin-wall workpiece in the cutting processing process through a dynamometer, and solving through a cutting force prediction model to obtain a cutting force prediction model;
thirdly, obtaining the waveform of the acoustic wave emitter according to the cutting force prediction model;
step four, testing the rigidity of each region of the thin-wall workpiece through a hammering test, carrying out modal analysis to obtain modal parameters of each region, providing a basis for determining the position of the acoustic wave transmitter,
fifthly, mounting an acoustic wave emitter on the other side of the thin-wall workpiece; the acoustic wave emitter is close to but not in contact with the thin-wall workpiece;
and step six, respectively measuring the processing displacement response of the thin-wall workpiece after the acoustic wave front is applied and the acoustic wave signal is applied by adopting a displacement sensor, comparing the processing displacement response of the thin-wall workpiece after the acoustic wave front is applied and the processing displacement response of the thin-wall workpiece after the acoustic wave signal is applied, and analyzing the effect of inhibiting vibration by the acoustic wave.
In the second step, the cutting force prediction model is used for solving, and the method of the cutting force prediction model comprises the following steps: decomposing cutting force into a plurality of sine waves by Fourier series expansion
Obtaining the frequency omega of each decomposed sine waveiAmplitude AiPhase difference of sum
In step three, the waveform of the sound wave emitter is
And fifthly, mounting the acoustic wave emitter in the area with weak rigidity of the thin-wall workpiece.
And respectively measuring the processing displacement response of the workpiece after the acoustic wave front is applied and the acoustic wave signal is applied by adopting a displacement sensor, comparing the processing displacement response of the workpiece after the acoustic wave front is applied and the acoustic wave signal is applied, and analyzing the vibration suppression effect of the acoustic wave.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the sound wave suppression method generates a sound wave that cancels vibration excitation by decomposing a cutting force into a plurality of sinusoidal waveforms according to the cutting force generated during machining.
2. The sound wave vibration suppression method is a non-contact vibration suppression method.
3. Since the transmission effect of the sound wave signal is affected by the difference between the installation position of the sound emitter and the distance between the sound emitter and the workpiece, the installation position and the distance are determined according to the corresponding strength of the displacement of the workpiece.
4. According to the invention, a plurality of sound wave emitters can be selected to be matched according to the frequency and amplitude of the cutting force, and complex waveforms which cannot be obtained by a single sound wave emitter are superposed, so that vibration is better inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of suppressing vibrations with acoustic waves in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the sound suppressing vibration arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of acoustic wave propagation according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the superposition of the displacement response caused by the excitation of the cutting force component on the workpiece and the displacement response caused by the excitation of the acoustic wave signal.
The label names in the figure: the device comprises an acoustic wave emitter 1, an acoustic wave emitter A101, an acoustic wave emitter B102, a thin-wall workpiece 2, a milling cutter 3, a locking screw 4, a dynamometer 5, an excitation 6 applied to the workpiece by the milling cutter, and an excitation 7 applied to the workpiece by an acoustic signal.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details of the present disclosure are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant disclosure.
Referring to fig. 2, according to the cutting processing test setup, a thin-wall aluminum alloy workpiece is fixed on a dynamometer through a locking screw 4, one side of the workpiece is processed by a side edge of a milling cutter 3, and a sound wave emitter a101 and a sound wave emitter B102 are installed at a certain distance from the back of the workpiece.
The machining process parameters of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part are designed through an orthogonal experiment, the cutting force in the cutting machining process of the aluminum alloy material is measured through a measuring instrument 5, and a cutting force prediction model is obtained through solving of the cutting force coefficient.
Decomposing cutting force into a plurality of sine waves by Fourier series expansion
Obtaining the frequency omega of each decomposed sine waveiAmplitude AiPhase difference of sum
Designing the waveform of the acoustic wave transmitter according to each component obtained by decomposing the cutting force
The rigidity of each region of the aluminum alloy thin-wall part is tested through a hammering test, modal analysis is carried out, modal parameters of each region are obtained, and a basis is provided for determining the position of the sound wave transmitting device.
In connection with fig. 2, the position of the acoustic emitters is determined as follows: according to theoretical model analysis, the conduction of sound waves in air has a direct relation with the distance, so that according to the modal analysis result, a region with weak rigidity is selected as a target region for suppressing vibration by the sound waves. The acoustic wave transmitter is arranged at a position corresponding to the area with weak rigidity, and the distance between the acoustic wave transmitter and the workpiece is as short as possible in consideration of energy loss.
Since the cutting force can be decomposed into a plurality of sine or cosine waveforms, the acoustic waveform for suppressing the machining vibration should also be a composite of a plurality of opposite-phase sine or cosine waveforms, and in order to achieve the effect of the composite waveform, the effects of a plurality of acoustic wave transmitters may need to be superimposed. When the frequencies of the sound wave signals emitted by the sound wave emitters are different, the generated sound wave signals do not interfere.
With reference to fig. 3 and 4, the principle of superposition of the cutting force and the resulting workpiece displacement response of the acoustic wave is illustrated as follows: the sine wave obtained by decomposing the cutting force and the sine wave generated by the sound wave emitter act on two sides of the workpiece respectively. The excitation 6 applied by the milling tool to the workpiece and the excitation 7 applied by the acoustic signal to the workpiece act on both sides of the workpiece,the displacement responses generated by the workpieces are mutually counteracted, and the vibration of the workpieces can be inhibited to a certain degree. Component obtained when cutting force is resolved
And excitation by application of acoustic signals
The frequency omega of application of the acoustic signal when applied to the surface of the workpiece at the same timejAnd phase angle
With frequency omega of application of cutting force componentiAnd phase angle
When the same, the waveforms are superposed
If the frequency and phase angle are different, the waveforms are superimposed as
And respectively measuring the processing displacement response of the workpiece after the acoustic wave front is applied and the acoustic wave signal is applied by adopting a displacement sensor, comparing the processing displacement response of the workpiece after the acoustic wave front is applied and the acoustic wave signal is applied, and analyzing the vibration suppression effect of the acoustic wave.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions that fall under the spirit of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. Thin wall work piece processing sound wave vibration suppression device, characterized by: the cutting tool comprises a sound wave emitter (1), a thin-wall workpiece (2), a milling cutter (3) and a force measuring instrument (5), wherein the thin-wall workpiece (2) is fixed on the force measuring instrument (5), a side edge of the milling cutter (3) is used for processing one side of the thin-wall workpiece (2) and generating cutting force, the force measuring instrument (5) is used for measuring the cutting force in the cutting processing process of the thin-wall workpiece (2) and solving the cutting force to obtain the sound wave vibration frequency and the phase generated in the cutting process of the thin-wall workpiece (2), the sound wave emitter (1) is fixed on the other side of the thin-wall workpiece (2), the sound wave emitter (1) is used for emitting sound waves with specific frequency and amplitude to the thin-wall workpiece (2), and on the thin-wall workpiece (2), the sound waves emitted by the sound wave emitter (1) are the same as the sound wave vibration frequency generated when the milling cutter (3) processes the thin-wall workpiece (2), and the phases are opposite.
2. The thin-walled workpiece processing acoustic vibration suppression device according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the sound wave emitters (1) is a plurality.
3. The thin-walled workpiece processing acoustic vibration suppression device of claim 1, wherein: the number of the sound wave emitters (1) is two, the sound wave emitters are respectively a sound wave emitter A (101) and a sound wave emitter B (102), and the sound wave emitters A (101) and the sound wave emitter B (102) are distributed on the same side of the thin-wall workpiece (2).
4. The thin-walled workpiece processing acoustic vibration suppression device according to claim 1, wherein: the thin-wall workpiece (2) is fixed on the dynamometer (5) through a locking screw (4).
5. The method for inhibiting the sound wave vibration in the thin-wall workpiece processing is characterized in that: the method for suppressing thin-walled workpiece processing acoustic vibrations using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
fixing a thin-wall workpiece (2) on a dynamometer (5), and machining one side of the thin-wall workpiece (2) by using a side edge of a milling cutter (3);
designing machining process parameters of the thin-wall workpiece (2) through an orthogonal experiment, measuring the cutting force of the thin-wall workpiece (2) in the cutting machining process through a dynamometer (5), and solving through a cutting force prediction model to obtain a cutting force prediction model;
thirdly, obtaining the waveform of the acoustic wave emitter (1) according to the cutting force prediction model;
step four, testing the rigidity of each region of the thin-wall workpiece (2) through a hammering test, carrying out modal analysis to obtain modal parameters of each region, providing a basis for determining the position of the acoustic wave transmitter (1),
fifthly, installing an acoustic wave emitter (1) on the other side of the thin-wall workpiece (2); the acoustic transmitter is close to but not in contact with the thin-wall workpiece;
and step six, respectively measuring the machining displacement response of the thin-wall workpiece (2) before and after the sound wave signal is applied by adopting a displacement sensor, comparing the machining displacement response and the machining displacement response, and analyzing the vibration suppression effect of the sound wave.
6. The thin-walled workpiece processing acoustic vibration suppression method as set forth in claim 5, wherein: in the second step, the cutting force prediction model is used for solving, and the method of the cutting force prediction model comprises the following steps: decomposing cutting force into a plurality of sine waves by Fourier series expansion
Obtaining the frequency omega of each decomposed sine waveiAmplitude AiAnd phase angle
7. The thin-walled workpiece processing acoustic vibration suppression method as set forth in claim 6, wherein: in the third step, the wave form of the sound wave emitter (1) is
Wherein, BjAmplitude, omega, of sound waves emitted by the emitterjRepresenting the frequency at which the acoustic signal is transmitted, t is the time at which the acoustic signal is transmitted,
to send outPhase angle of the radiated acoustic wave signal.
8. The method for suppressing sound wave vibration in thin-walled workpiece processing according to claim 7, wherein: in the fifth step, the acoustic wave emitter (1) is arranged in the area with weak rigidity of the thin-wall workpiece (2).
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| JP5234772B2 (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2013-07-10 | オークマ株式会社 | Vibration suppression method and apparatus for machine tool |
| JP5105102B2 (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2012-12-19 | エヌティーエンジニアリング株式会社 | Chatter control method and apparatus for work machine |
| JP5908342B2 (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2016-04-26 | オークマ株式会社 | Machining vibration suppression method and machining vibration suppression device for machine tool |
| KR101436984B1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-09-04 | 한국기계연구원 | Apparatus and method for reduction of vibration in machine tool |
| CN110000599B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-09-22 | 西北工业大学 | Universal counterweight vibration suppression method for cutting thin plate/wall parts |
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