CN114297835A - Super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on building information model - Google Patents
Super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on building information model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on a building information model, which comprises a processor, a display screen and a memory connected with the processor, wherein the memory is stored with an information browsing module and a quick guidance module; the information browsing module comprises a disaster information module and an emergency evacuation information module, and the disaster information module comprises a disaster reading module, a disaster damage information module, a disaster fortification intensity module and a hazard source information module; the rapid guidance module comprises an information input module and a calculation analysis and result output module, and the calculation analysis and result output module carries out escape parameter limitation and hazard source analysis according to the simulation result of the evacuation simulation module and calculates an evacuation simulation curve. When a disaster occurs, according to the actual working condition of the project under construction and the mastering of the same disaster condition in the past, the adaptive evacuation simulation route and evacuation simulation time are quickly simulated for reference, and the user can quickly and accurately determine the evacuation scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer simulation, in particular to a super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on a building information model.
Background
The construction link is the most important link in the construction process, and inevitable dangers are brought to the industry while great effects are continuously exerted. The building construction industry is undoubtedly one of the most frequent industries with safety accidents, casualties are high, and the number of deaths is increasing year by year. In recent years, the construction industry has become second only to the third source of danger in road traffic and coal mining due to high incidence accidents. According to the statistical result of the national safety production supervision and administration, 6371 construction safety accidents occur in the whole country from 2007 to 2016, 7804 people die, huge economic loss is caused to the building, and meanwhile, unstable factors are brought to social harmony. The super high-rise building has the advantages of long construction period, high organization difficulty and difficult field safety management due to ultrahigh structure, large scale, multiple functions, complex system and high construction standard. Once an emergency occurs, the time consumption and the operation difficulty of the safe evacuation and emergency rescue work of personnel are increased sharply, and the probability of safety accidents is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on a building information model, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose of the invention is that the safe evacuation system based on the building information model for the super high-rise building construction site comprises a processor, a display screen and a memory connected with the processor, wherein an information browsing module and a quick guidance module are stored in the memory;
the information browsing module comprises a disaster information module and an emergency evacuation information module, and the disaster information module comprises a disaster reading module, a disaster damage information module, a disaster fortification intensity module and a hazard source information module;
the disaster interpretation module stores the concept, origin, expression form, self characteristics, secondary disasters and related cases of the disasters;
the disaster damage information module displays the destructive power of an actual case disaster, the damage response of a building structure in earthquake and the damage conditions of various components, and the disaster damage information module displays the earthquake response of the building and defines a dangerous area;
the disaster fortification intensity module provides disaster fortification intensity information of all regions in the country;
the danger source information module displays major danger sources and easily-occurring accidents of a construction site in a disaster area;
the emergency evacuation information module provides evacuation mode information, evacuation speed information, safety protection measure information and simulation information of the evacuation simulation module; the simulation information comprises evacuation escape route simulation, evacuation time simulation and evacuation personnel simulation; when the emergency evacuation information module is executed by the processor, the information provided by the emergency evacuation information module is displayed on the display screen;
the rapid guidance module comprises an information input module and a calculation analysis and result output module, a user inputs project information, environment information, personnel information and management information into the evacuation simulation module through the information input module, and the calculation analysis and result output module performs escape parameter limitation and hazard source analysis according to the simulation result of the evacuation simulation module and calculates an evacuation simulation curve.
Further, the evacuation mode information is evacuation paths and evacuation strategies adopted by evacuation teams, and the evacuation paths and the evacuation strategies comprise a single team model, a two team model and a Chinese character model;
the evacuation speed information is the moving speed of the sparse body during evacuation, and the sparse body is an evacuated individual or an evacuated crowd;
the safety protection measure information comprises safety civilization precaution measures of a construction site and management measures for emergency evacuation in case of sudden disaster.
Further, when the sparse body is an evacuated individual, the escape parameters comprise the evacuated individual size, the evacuation distance, the free speed and the related correction coefficient;
when the sparse body is an evacuated crowd, the escape parameters comprise the speed of the crowd, the correction coefficient of the speed and the minimum value of the channel width under different queues.
Further, the result of the risk source analysis comprises risk scores, risk levels and safety warning distances of various major accidents.
Further, the project information is actual working condition information of a project under construction;
the environmental information includes whether disaster impact is considered, whether adverse evacuation plane impact is considered, and whether major hazard source impact is considered;
the personnel information comprises a single building labor peak value and a project man-woman number ratio;
the management information comprises the integrity and the landing performance of the construction operation system specification, earthquake knowledge training and emergency drilling work, on-site safety civilization inspection and correction force, mechanical equipment seismic strengthening and after-the-fact maintenance and related research work, and the integrity and the landing performance of the fire-fighting working system.
The system can quickly simulate an adaptive evacuation simulation route and evacuation simulation time for a user to refer according to the actual working condition of a project under construction and the mastering of the same disaster condition in the past when a disaster occurs, is favorable for the user to quickly and accurately determine an evacuation scheme under an emergency condition, and can effectively reduce or even avoid the injury of personnel in the disaster.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a frame diagram of a construction safety evacuation guidance platform;
FIG. 2 is a system block diagram;
fig. 3 is a safety distance determination flow chart.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 or 2, the embodiment discloses a super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on a building information model, which comprises a processor, a display screen and a memory connected with the processor, wherein the memory stores an information browsing module and a quick guidance module;
the information browsing module comprises a disaster information module and an emergency evacuation information module, and the disaster information module comprises a disaster reading module, a disaster damage information module, a disaster fortification intensity module and a hazard source information module;
the disaster interpretation module stores the concept, origin, expression form, self characteristics, secondary disasters and related cases of the disasters;
the disaster damage information module displays the destructive power of an actual case disaster, the damage response of a building structure in earthquake and the damage conditions of various components, and the disaster damage information module displays the earthquake response of the building and defines a dangerous area;
the disaster fortification intensity module provides disaster fortification intensity information of all regions in the country;
the danger source information module displays major danger sources and easily-occurring accidents of a construction site in a disaster area;
the emergency evacuation information module provides evacuation mode information, evacuation speed information, safety protection measure information and simulation information of the evacuation simulation module; the simulation information comprises evacuation escape route simulation, evacuation time simulation and evacuation personnel simulation; when the emergency evacuation information module is executed by the processor, the information provided by the emergency evacuation information module is displayed on the display screen;
the evacuation mode information is evacuation paths and evacuation strategies adopted by evacuation teams, and comprises a single team model, a two team model and a Chinese character model; the evacuation speed information is the moving speed of the sparse body during evacuation, and the sparse body is an evacuated individual or an evacuated crowd; the safety protection measure information comprises safety civilization precaution measures of a construction site and management measures for emergency evacuation in case of sudden disaster.
The rapid guidance module comprises an information input module and a calculation analysis and result output module, a user inputs project information, environment information, personnel information and management information into the evacuation simulation module through the information input module, and the calculation analysis and result output module performs escape parameter limitation and hazard source analysis according to the simulation result of the evacuation simulation module and calculates an evacuation simulation curve.
When the sparse body is an evacuation individual, the escape parameters comprise the size of the evacuation individual, the evacuation interval, the free speed and the related correction coefficient;
when the sparse body is an evacuated crowd, the escape parameters comprise the speed of the crowd, the correction coefficient of the speed and the minimum value of the channel width under different queues.
The result of the risk source analysis comprises risk scores, risk levels and safety warning distances of various major accidents.
The project information is actual working condition information of a project under construction;
the environmental information includes whether disaster impact is considered, whether adverse evacuation plane impact is considered, and whether major hazard source impact is considered;
the personnel information comprises a single building labor peak value and a project man-woman number ratio;
the management information comprises the integrity and the landing performance of the construction operation system specification, earthquake knowledge training and emergency drilling work, on-site safety civilization inspection and correction force, mechanical equipment seismic strengthening and after-the-fact maintenance and related research work, and the integrity and the landing performance of the fire-fighting working system.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on a building information model, which comprises the following modules:
a building information model module: building informatization is realized on an actual building, and a building information model is used as a foundation of a safe evacuation system;
the construction site safety evacuation characteristic analysis module: the module comprises evacuation environment safety characteristic analysis, evacuation environment hazard source identification and evacuation personnel characteristic analysis;
the evacuation environment safety characteristic analysis comprises a construction site planning class: a. the unreasonable layout of construction equipment, temporary facilities, and material appliances hinders emergency evacuation during a sudden earthquake b.
Fire control management: secondary disasters such as fire disasters caused by sudden earthquakes can bring adverse effects. And (5) constructor management: the lack of emergency training and practicing causes the emergency evacuation of earthquake to be irregular, and the accidents of crowding and trampling occur.
Device and security management class: a. mechanical equipment such as construction site tower cranes, construction elevators and the like lack shockproof measures b. no safety protection measures are taken: such as protective railings, safety nets and the like, carry out necessary protection on the evacuated crowd;
the evacuated personnel characteristic analysis comprises construction site personnel gender ratio analysis, construction site personnel age ratio analysis, construction site personnel education degree statistical analysis, construction site personnel position statistical analysis, influence analysis of earthquake and other disaster related experiences on psychological response, influence analysis of earthquake knowledge training or emergency evacuation maneuver on emergency evacuation behavior, and factor analysis of adverse influence on safety evacuation in a construction site;
generally, construction site personnel mainly take male, young and middle-aged people, most of labor personnel are in the field, and the education degree is generally in the middle school and below.
The psychological quality of a person who has suffered a disaster such as an earthquake is improved to some extent when the person encounters an emergency disaster, but it is not obvious.
People who have participated in earthquake knowledge training and emergency drilling are more cool and intelligent when facing crowded and blocked conditions when encountering sudden disasters.
In addition, the main reason influencing the safe evacuation is that the working surface is uneven, and meanwhile, the normal operation of the safe evacuation is also influenced to a great extent by the obstacles such as a large number of people to be evacuated, an inaccurate alarm system, material equipment and the like, and the adverse factors are paid attention to in the evacuation model.
The construction site safe evacuation parameter analysis module: the module comprises basic characteristic parameter analysis of evacuation crowds, evacuation distance analysis, evacuation speed analysis and obstacle safety distance analysis;
the analysis of the basic characteristic parameters of the evacuated crowd comprises the following steps: since the calculation of the physiological size of the evacuated people is aimed at the analysis of the queue size, the physiological size data of the construction personnel is weighted and averaged according to the age group proportion and the gender proportion (the gender proportion is calculated according to the weight of 10: 1) by adopting 50-point data which is closer to the average value, and the parameter recommended values of the thickness and the width of the human body and the horizontal projection area at the construction site are obtained to be 0.212m of thickness and 0.428m of shoulder width respectively.
The number of evacuated people: the labor quantity under the project progress can be determined according to a labor demand table in a construction organization plan; if the total number of evacuated people cannot be estimated, the reference number of 100 or 150 can be adopted according to the questionnaire investigation result; and if the construction unit needs to organize the safe evacuation emergency drilling work, the most unfavorable condition is considered, and personnel arrangement is carried out according to the peak value of the labor force demand in the construction organization plan.
Evacuating the position of people: constructors in the core barrel should immediately go to the nearest stairwell through the outer climbing frame plane and go down along the stairwell; the outer frame constructor immediately advances towards the inlet of the core barrel, enters the core barrel, advances towards the nearest staircase and descends along the staircase;
the evacuation distance analysis includes determination of an evacuation distance determination method: the method for determining the optimal evacuation distance is to ensure the principle of a single variable, change the distance value in an effective range and seek the evacuation state with the minimum total evacuation time through evacuation simulation.
Evacuation mathematic model assumptions: construction site building materials and appliances are intensively arranged in a regular shape (in a cluster type), no barrier influencing people evacuation exists in a corridor and on stairs, when earthquake happens suddenly, constructors are randomly distributed on a top layer construction plane, when evacuation is carried out, the evacuees advance in the core tube staircases of the shortest distance route and accelerate to form a standard evacuation queue in the shortest time, the reaction time of all the evacuees is the same, the body sizes are the same, and in the evacuation process, if the meeting condition of a plurality of queues occurs at a certain outlet, the evacuation is processed according to the queue waiting state, and the blocking or falling condition is ignored;
constructing an evacuation mathematical model: considering that the evacuation time of stairs with the corresponding number of layers is correspondingly increased when the evacuation terminal arrives at the ground or the designated evacuation layer is taken as the evacuation terminal, when the number of persons to be evacuated is large, two groups of evacuation personnel at two sides of the opening are most likely to meet at the opening, the evacuation principle that the persons arrive at the current position first and then wait in line is adopted at the moment, and if three or upper evacuation queues exist, the rest queues are required to wait in line except the first queue which arrives at the opening first, and the situation can be simplified into two queues;
and (5) solving and analyzing the evacuation mathematical model.
The evacuation speed analysis comprises the analysis of influence factors of the evacuation speed: the destructiveness of an earthquake causes the panic effect of people to be evacuated, earthquake waves cause the high-rise floor to vibrate or shake, the safe evacuation of the super high-rise building is mainly vertical evacuation, the evacuation speed in the non-horizontal direction such as stair descending evacuation is changed to a certain extent, the evacuation inconvenience is caused by the unfavorable construction plane, and the evacuation speed is influenced by the evacuation density of people; correcting the evacuation speed of the stairs; correcting the emergency evacuation speed; correcting the evacuation speed in the construction environment; correcting the evacuation speed under the action of an earthquake;
the obstacle safety distance analysis includes an evacuation obstacle classification: a solid obstacle model (the solid obstacles on a construction site are divided into permanent obstacles and temporary obstacles), a hazard source model (a static hazard source and a dynamic hazard source);
referring to fig. 3, a determination rule of the safety distance is set:
the occurrence frequency (F) of the hazard events is less than or equal to the individual risk criterion (F1): judging as safe;
without establishing a safe distance, the individual risk criterion (F1) < the occurrence frequency of the hazard event (F) ≦ 100 × the individual risk criterion (100F 1): judging that the operation is unsafe;
setting the safety distance as the distance corresponding to the injury standard, wherein the occurrence frequency (F) of the hazard events is more than 100 multiplied by the individual risk standard (100F 1): determining to be extremely dangerous;
setting a safety distance as a distance corresponding to the injury-free standard, wherein the occurrence frequency (F) of the hazard events is less than or equal to the individual risk standard (F1): judging as safe;
setting the safety distance according to the 'edge effect', the occurrence frequency (F) of the hazard events > individual risk criterion (F1): determining to be extremely dangerous;
setting the safety distance as a distance corresponding to a 'no-harm standard';
the determination method of the safe distance is a safe distance quantification method according to the danger level;
the evaluation method of the safe distance of the obstacle comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the category of the obstacles, and selecting a danger source in the obstacles;
selecting a danger source needing to determine a safe distance by using individual risk criteria (risk-based method) of the exposure target, and defining a safe distance category;
evaluating the danger level of the target danger source according to an operation condition danger analysis method corrected by the expert scoring result;
determining a safety distance additional coefficient;
calculating a distance of a 'harmless standard' according to the type of the dangerous source;
and calculating the safe distance.
Example 3:
the embodiment discloses a super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on a building information model, in particular,
the super high-rise building construction site safety evacuation system based on the building information model can guide construction site safety evacuation simulation under the influence of an earthquake.
The method is suitable for emergency evacuation management work of a construction site in a high-intensity earthquake area, and has strong pertinence.
The general framework of the guidance system is composed of two functional modules of 'information browsing' and 'quick guidance', an earthquake construction safe evacuation information base and safe evacuation simulation parameter guidance. Therefore, the overall frame design of the system is shown in fig. 1, with the practical application as the design principle.
The information browsing module is used for combing and gathering key information which is not related to the research results of the safe evacuation of the common environment into the module.
The earthquake disaster information comprises: earthquake disaster information, earthquake damage information, earthquake fortification intensity and danger source information.
The earthquake disaster information module briefly explains concept definition, origin, expression form, self characteristics, secondary disasters and the like of earthquake disasters, analyzes relevant cases of major earthquake disasters in China in a graph-text form, and can enable users to deeply understand the earthquake disasters through browsing information in the module.
The earthquake damage information module is mainly used for analyzing the damage force of the earthquake, the damage response of the building structure in the earthquake and the damage condition of various components by using actual cases. Through browsing the information in the module, the user can clearly know the earthquake response of the building under construction and clearly identify the dangerous area.
The earthquake fortification intensity module is mainly used for providing earthquake fortification intensity information of all regions in the country.
The danger source information module mainly lists major danger sources and easily-occurring accidents of a construction site in a high-intensity earthquake area, and a user can obtain the development idea of safety management work of the construction site through browsing information in the module.
The emergency evacuation information includes: evacuation path, evacuation mode, evacuation pitch, evacuation speed, and safety measures.
The evacuation mode mainly refers to evacuation paths and evacuation strategies adopted by evacuation teams, and comprises a single team model, a two team model, a Chinese character model and the like.
The evacuation speed refers to the moving speed of the evacuated individuals in individual evacuation and refers to the overall moving speed of the evacuated people in queue evacuation.
The safety measures comprise safety civilization precaution measures of a construction site and management measures of emergency evacuation in earthquake burst.
An evacuation simulation module: the method comprises evacuation escape route simulation, evacuation time simulation and evacuation personnel simulation.
The quick guidance module is used for acquiring parameter data and guidance instruction which have a certain pertinence to the project engineering by quickly inputting necessary information through an existing algorithm by a user.
The information input includes project information, environment information, personnel information, and management information.
The project information module includes whether to consider earthquake effects, whether to consider adverse evacuation plane effects, whether to consider significant hazard source effects on three panels.
The user can select whether to consider various influencing factors according to the type of the project and the current progress.
The personnel information comprises the labor peak value of a single building and the number ratio of men to women in a project.
The management information comprises five plates of integrity and landform of construction operation system specification, earthquake knowledge training and emergency drilling work, on-site safety civilization inspection and correction force, mechanical equipment seismic strengthening and after-the-fact maintenance and related research work, and integrity and landform of fire-fighting working system.
The calculation analysis and result output module system can quickly calculate the optimal value, the optimal value range or the reference value of the related parameters according to an internally stored algorithm and provide guidance information texts for users.
The output content comprises parameter guidance, danger source analysis and evacuation guidance suggestion.
The parameter guidance comprises the evacuation individual size, the evacuation interval, the free speed, the crowd speed, the related correction coefficient and the minimum value of the channel width under different queues.
The risk source analysis comprises risk scores, risk levels and safety warning distances of various major accidents.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a super high-rise building job site safety evacuation system based on building information model which characterized in that: the system comprises a processor, a display screen and a memory connected with the processor, wherein the memory is stored with an information browsing module and a quick instruction module;
the information browsing module comprises a disaster information module and an emergency evacuation information module, and the disaster information module comprises a disaster reading module, a disaster damage information module, a disaster fortification intensity module and a hazard source information module;
the disaster interpretation module stores the concept, origin, expression form, self characteristics, secondary disasters and related cases of the disasters;
the disaster damage information module displays the destructive power of an actual case disaster, the damage response of a building structure in earthquake and the damage conditions of various components, and the disaster damage information module displays the earthquake response of the building and defines a dangerous area;
the disaster fortification intensity module provides disaster fortification intensity information of all regions in the country;
the danger source information module displays major danger sources and easily-occurring accidents of a construction site in a disaster area;
the emergency evacuation information module provides evacuation mode information, evacuation speed information, safety protection measure information and simulation information of the evacuation simulation module; the simulation information comprises evacuation escape route simulation, evacuation time simulation and evacuation personnel simulation; when the emergency evacuation information module is executed by the processor, the information provided by the emergency evacuation information module is displayed on the display screen;
the rapid guidance module comprises an information input module and a calculation analysis and result output module, a user inputs project information, environment information, personnel information and management information into the evacuation simulation module through the information input module, and the calculation analysis and result output module performs escape parameter limitation and hazard source analysis according to the simulation result of the evacuation simulation module and calculates an evacuation simulation curve.
2. The system for safely evacuating the construction site of the super high-rise building based on the building information model, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the evacuation mode information is evacuation paths and evacuation strategies adopted by evacuation teams, and comprises a single team model, a two team model and a Chinese character model;
the evacuation speed information is the moving speed of the sparse body during evacuation, and the sparse body is an evacuated individual or an evacuated crowd;
the safety protection measure information comprises safety civilization precaution measures of a construction site and management measures for emergency evacuation in case of sudden disaster.
3. The system for safely evacuating the construction site of the super high-rise building based on the building information model according to claim 2, wherein: when the sparse body is an evacuation individual, the escape parameters comprise the size of the evacuation individual, the evacuation interval, the free speed and the related correction coefficient;
when the sparse body is an evacuated crowd, the escape parameters comprise the speed of the crowd, the correction coefficient of the speed and the minimum value of the channel width under different queues.
4. The system for safely evacuating the construction site of the super high-rise building based on the building information model, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the result of the risk source analysis comprises risk scores, risk levels and safety warning distances of various major accidents.
5. The system for safely evacuating the construction site of the super high-rise building based on the building information model, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the project information is actual working condition information of a project under construction;
the environmental information includes whether disaster impact is considered, whether adverse evacuation plane impact is considered, and whether major hazard source impact is considered;
the personnel information comprises a single building labor peak value and a project man-woman number ratio;
the management information comprises the integrity and the landing performance of the construction operation system specification, earthquake knowledge training and emergency drilling work, on-site safety civilization inspection and correction force, mechanical equipment seismic strengthening and after-the-fact maintenance and related research work, and the integrity and the landing performance of the fire-fighting working system.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115358902A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Emergency evacuation guidance system based on 3D behavior capture |
| CN115545359A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2022-12-30 | 北京科技大学 | Dynamic intelligent evacuation method and device for complex building fire |
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2021
- 2021-12-15 CN CN202111537517.0A patent/CN114297835A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115358902A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Emergency evacuation guidance system based on 3D behavior capture |
| CN115545359A (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2022-12-30 | 北京科技大学 | Dynamic intelligent evacuation method and device for complex building fire |
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