CN114297806B - Method for designing optimal matching parameters of bearing of distribution box - Google Patents

Method for designing optimal matching parameters of bearing of distribution box Download PDF

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CN114297806B
CN114297806B CN202210006311.3A CN202210006311A CN114297806B CN 114297806 B CN114297806 B CN 114297806B CN 202210006311 A CN202210006311 A CN 202210006311A CN 114297806 B CN114297806 B CN 114297806B
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bearing
working condition
parameters
optimal matching
shafting
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CN114297806A (en
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董绍江
赵兴新
陈里里
徐向阳
潘雪娇
蒙志强
刘超
闫凯波
赵树恩
钟厉
包治全
寿培根
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
Chongqing Changjiang Bearing Co Ltd
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
Chongqing Changjiang Bearing Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bearing design, in particular to a method for designing optimal matching parameters of a bearing of a gearbox; establishing a distribution model of a shafting and a bearing by utilizing Romax software, and inputting a plurality of groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters; analyzing and testing through the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters to obtain a plurality of groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimize the stress distribution of the transfer case shafting; analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing by utilizing Romax software, and selecting a bearing material; the bearing data of the front bearing and the rear bearing are obtained, the optimal matching amount of the bearing inner ring and the transfer case bearing is calculated according to the bearing data, the stress distribution of the transfer case shaft system is optimized, the problem caused by the fact that the matching amount of the bearing is determined by experience in the traditional method is solved, and the design of the bearing matching parameters is more reasonable.

Description

Method for designing optimal matching parameters of bearing of gearbox
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing design, in particular to a method for designing optimal matching parameters of a bearing of a gearbox.
Background
The transfer case is a device for distributing the power of an engine, and the transfer case enters the era of high power and large torque at present, the adopted gear module is larger and larger, the size is larger and larger, the space occupied by the gear module is larger, the heat dissipated by the running of the gear in the shell is larger, and high temperature can be formed in the transfer case body, so that the service life of the gear and the bearing is adversely affected.
At present, in the aspect of research on the optimal matching amount of a bearing, the matching amount of the bearing is often determined through experience, and the stress distribution of a shafting is not considered, so that the service life of the bearing is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for designing optimal matching parameters of a bearing of a gearbox, and aims to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, in the aspect of research on the optimal matching amount of the bearing, the matching amount of the bearing is often determined through experience, and the stress distribution of a shafting is not considered, so that the service life of the bearing is shortened.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for designing optimal matching parameters of a bearing of a distribution box, which comprises the following steps:
establishing a distribution model of a shaft system and a bearing by utilizing Romax software, wherein an input shaft and an output shaft adopt crossed shaft systems;
inputting a lubricating mode and working temperature as fixed working condition parameters, and inputting a plurality of groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters;
analyzing and testing the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters to obtain a plurality of groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimize the stress distribution of the transfer case shafting;
analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing by utilizing Romax software, and selecting a bearing material;
and obtaining bearing data of the front bearing and the rear bearing, and calculating the optimal matching amount of the bearing inner ring and the transfer case bearing according to the bearing data.
The method comprises the following steps of establishing a distribution model of a shafting and a bearing by utilizing Romax software, and adopting a crossed shafting for an input shaft and an output shaft:
the transmission mode between the input shaft and the output shaft adopts spiral bevel gear transmission, and the front support bearing and the rear support bearing of the input shaft both adopt transfer conventional tapered roller bearings.
The method comprises the following steps of establishing a distribution model of a shafting and a bearing by utilizing Romax software, and adopting a crossed shafting for an input shaft and an output shaft:
the rear support bearing of the output shaft adopts 32909 standard type structure bearing.
Wherein, in the step of inputting lubrication mode and operating temperature as fixed operating mode parameters, inputting multiple groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable operating mode parameters:
the lubrication mode adopts 90W gearbox oil for lubrication, and the working temperature is 90 ℃.
Wherein, in the step of inputting lubrication mode and operating temperature as fixed operating mode parameters, inputting multiple groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable operating mode parameters:
the variable working condition parameters comprise a first working condition, a second working condition and a third working condition; the rotating speed of the first working condition is 430r/min, and the torque is 72 Nm; the rotating speed of the second working condition is 156r/min, and the torque is 1900 Nm; the rotating speed of the third working condition is 480r/min, and the torque is 600 Nm.
Wherein, in the step of carrying out analysis test through the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters to obtain a plurality of groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimizing the stress distribution of the transfer case shafting:
the theory of Romax software analysis is based on the bearing life calculation method of ISO281 and TS16281 international standards.
Analyzing and testing the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters to obtain a plurality of groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing, and optimizing the stress distribution of the transfer case shafting:
respectively bringing the variable working condition parameters into ISO281 and TS16281 international standards to analyze to obtain the service life of the rear bearing; the service life of the rear bearing under the first working condition is 5880h, the service life of the rear bearing under the second working condition is 3.8h, and the service life of the rear bearing under the third working condition is 826 h.
Analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing by utilizing Romax software, and selecting a bearing material;
and evaluating the contact fatigue life and the life dispersion of different bearing steel materials, and analyzing the influence of the smelting quality of the bearing material on the performance and the life of the bearing, thereby selecting the bearing material.
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining bearing data of a front bearing and a rear bearing, and calculating the optimal matching amount of a bearing inner ring and a transfer case bearing according to the bearing data:
establishing a solid model of a main shaft system in geometric modeling software Proe/E, and simplifying the solid models of an input shaft and an output shaft; the bearing data includes a density of a bearing inner race material, a rotational angular velocity of the bearing, an elastic modulus of the bearing inner race material, an inner race radius of the bearing, an outer race radius of the bearing, an operating temperature, a frictional heat, and a lubricant viscosity.
The method comprises the following steps of obtaining bearing data of a front bearing and a rear bearing, and calculating the optimal matching amount of a bearing inner ring and a transfer case bearing according to the bearing data:
calculating a steady-state temperature field of the bearing according to the working temperature, the friction heat and the viscosity of the lubricant of the bearing, calculating an iteration initial value of the bearing according to the density of a material of an inner ring of the bearing, the rotational angular velocity of the bearing, the elastic modulus of the material of the inner ring of the bearing, the radius of the inner ring of the bearing and the radius of an outer ring of the bearing, and substituting the steady-state temperature field and the iteration initial value into Proe/E to establish a solid model of a main shaft system to obtain the optimal matching amount.
The invention relates to a design method of optimal matching parameters of a gearbox bearing, which is characterized in that a distribution model of a shaft system and a bearing is established by utilizing Romax software, and an input shaft and an output shaft adopt crossed shaft systems; inputting a lubricating mode and working temperature as fixed working condition parameters, and inputting a plurality of groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters; analyzing and testing the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters to obtain a plurality of groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimize the stress distribution of the transfer case shafting; analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing by utilizing Romax software, and selecting a bearing material; obtaining bearing data of a front bearing and a rear bearing, calculating the optimal matching amount of a bearing inner ring and a transfer case bearing according to the bearing data, optimizing the stress distribution of a transfer case shafting, adjusting the positions of a gear and the bearing and the gear structure, reasonably distributing the bearing of the front bearing and the rear bearing, and changing the size model or the internal structural parameters of the rear bearing to ensure that the rear bearing has higher axial bearing capacity, thereby prolonging the service life of the bearing; the problem caused by the fact that the traditional method utilizes experience to determine the matching amount of the bearing is avoided, and the design of the matching parameters of the bearing is more reasonable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of steps of a method for designing optimal matching parameters of a bearing of a distribution box according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for designing optimal matching parameters of a bearing of a transmission case, comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing a distribution model of a shafting and a bearing by utilizing Romax software, wherein an input shaft and an output shaft adopt crossed shafting;
s2: inputting a lubricating mode and working temperature as fixed working condition parameters, and inputting a plurality of groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters;
s3: analyzing and testing the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters to obtain a plurality of groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimize the stress distribution of the transfer case shafting;
s4: analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing by utilizing Romax software, and selecting a bearing material;
s5: and obtaining bearing data of the front bearing and the rear bearing, and calculating the optimal matching amount of the bearing inner ring and the transfer case bearing according to the bearing data.
In step S1, a Romax software is used to establish a distribution model of shafting and bearings, the input shaft and the output shaft adopt crossed shafting, the transmission mode between the input shaft and the output shaft adopts spiral bevel gear transmission, and the front support bearing and the rear support bearing of the input shaft both adopt transfer conventional tapered roller bearings; the rear support bearing of the output shaft adopts an 32909 standard structure bearing, and is a volatile gear, so that the experiment speed is accelerated.
In step S2, inputting a lubrication mode and a working temperature as fixed working condition parameters, and inputting multiple groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters, wherein the lubrication mode adopts 90W gearbox oil for lubrication, and the working temperature is 90 ℃; applying torque load from the left side of the input shaft, respectively inputting three groups of rotating speed data and torque data, and respectively simulating three working conditions; the first working condition is that the rotating speed is 430r/min, the torque is 72Nm, the second working condition is that the rotating speed is 156r/min, the torque is 1900Nm, and the third working condition is that the rotating speed is 480r/min and the torque is 600 Nm.
In step S3, analysis and test are performed through the distribution model, the fixed operating condition parameters, and the variable operating condition parameters to obtain multiple sets of life parameters of the rear bearing, optimize the stress distribution of the transfer case shafting, and from the summary result of the overall life of the bearing, the front bearing can meet the requirements of the test operating conditions; the service life of the rear bearing is short, and the requirement of the test life of 600h cannot be met. Firstly, the simulation of the test working condition cannot completely represent the actual operation working condition of the vehicle, and the test working condition is often designed to be conservative, so that the failure probability of the bearing is unlikely to be analyzed in the use process;
secondly, the theoretical basis of the analysis of the Romax software is a bearing life calculation method based on ISO281 and TS16281 international standards, and the following can be obtained under the ISO281 standards: the service life of the rear bearing is 31h, and the service life of the front bearing is 1462 h; under the standard of TS 16281: the service life of the rear bearing is 51h, and the service life of the front bearing is 1717 h; the analysis result side surface reflects the risk that the rear bearing of the transfer case is in fatigue failure in the actual running and working process of the vehicle;
the three working conditions are brought into software to be analyzed to obtain the service life of the rear bearing, under the ISO281 standard, the service life of the first working condition is 1880h, the service life of the second working condition is 3.8h, and the service life of the third working condition is 178 h; under the standard of TS16281, the service life of the first working condition is 5880h, the second working condition is 3.8h, and the third working condition is 826 h; the bearing only has the capacity of bearing the weight of the shaft and providing rotation, and does not directly bear torque, so that the stress of the shaft system caused by the input torque is a main reason that the rear bearing cannot meet the requirement.
In step S4, the Romax software is used for analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing, bearing materials are selected, the contact fatigue life and the life dispersion of different bearing steel materials are evaluated according to the specified of GB/T4662 rolling bearing rated static load and the rated static load stress result of the tapered roller bearing, the influence of the smelting quality of the bearing materials on the bearing performance and the bearing life is analyzed, and materials with excellent performance are selected.
In step S5, a solid model of the spindle system is established in the geometric modeling software Proe/E, model simplification is performed on the solid models of the input shaft and the output shaft, steps smaller than 1mm are deleted, threads and threaded holes on the output shaft and the input shaft are deleted, and chamfers and fillets are deleted; respectively obtaining bearing data of a front bearing and a rear bearing, and calculating the optimal matching amount of a bearing inner ring and a transfer case bearing according to the bearing data; the bearing data comprises the density of a bearing inner ring material, the rotation angular velocity of a bearing, the elastic modulus of the bearing inner ring material, the inner ring radius of the bearing, the outer ring radius of the bearing, the working temperature, the friction heat and the viscosity of a lubricant, and the influence of the centrifugal expansion of the bearing and the bearing inner ring is considered through a formula:
Figure GDA0003794863690000051
performing a calculation of where 1 For an iteration initial value, rho is the density of the material of the bearing inner ring, omega is the angular velocity of rotation of the bearing, E is the elastic modulus of the material of the bearing inner ring, and r 1 Is the radius of the inner ring of the bearing, r 2 The radius of the outer ring of the bearing; and calculating a steady-state temperature field of the bearing according to the working temperature, the friction heat and the lubricant viscosity of the bearing, substituting the steady-state temperature field and the iteration initial value into Proe/E to establish a solid model of the spindle system, and obtaining the optimal matching amount.
Establishing a distribution model of a shafting and a bearing by utilizing Romax software, wherein an input shaft and an output shaft adopt crossed shafting; inputting a lubricating mode and working temperature as fixed working condition parameters, and inputting a plurality of groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters; analyzing and testing the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters to obtain a plurality of groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimize the stress distribution of the transfer case shafting; analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing by utilizing Romax software, and selecting a bearing material; the method comprises the steps of obtaining bearing data of a front bearing and a rear bearing, calculating the optimal matching amount of a bearing inner ring and a transfer case bearing according to the bearing data, optimizing the stress distribution of a transfer case shafting, adjusting the positions of a gear and the bearing and the gear structure, reasonably distributing the bearing of the front bearing and the rear bearing, and changing the size model or the internal structural parameters of the rear bearing, so that the rear bearing has higher axial bearing capacity, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged; the problem caused by the fact that the traditional method utilizes experience to determine the matching amount of the bearing is solved, and the design of the matching parameters of the bearing is more reasonable.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for designing optimal matching parameters of a bearing of a gearbox is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a distribution model of a shaft system and a bearing by utilizing Romax software, wherein an input shaft and an output shaft adopt crossed shaft systems;
inputting a lubricating mode and a working temperature as fixed working condition parameters, and inputting a plurality of groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters;
analyzing and testing the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters to obtain multiple groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimize the stress distribution of a transfer case shafting;
analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing by utilizing Romax software, and selecting a bearing material;
obtaining bearing data of a front bearing and a rear bearing, establishing a solid model of a main shaft system in geometric modeling software Proe/E, and simplifying the models of the solid models of an input shaft and an output shaft; the bearing data comprises the density of a bearing inner ring material, the rotation angular velocity of the bearing, the elastic modulus of the bearing inner ring material, the inner ring radius of the bearing, the outer ring radius of the bearing, the working temperature, the frictional heat and the viscosity of a lubricant;
calculating the optimal matching amount of the bearing inner ring and the transfer case bearing according to the bearing data, calculating a steady-state temperature field of the bearing according to the working temperature, the friction heat and the lubricant viscosity of the bearing, calculating an iteration initial value of the bearing according to the density of a bearing inner ring material, the rotation angular velocity of the bearing, the elastic modulus of the bearing inner ring material, the inner ring radius of the bearing and the outer ring radius of the bearing, and substituting the steady-state temperature field and the iteration initial value into Proe/E to establish a solid model of a main shaft system to obtain the optimal matching amount.
2. The method for designing the optimal matching parameters of the bearings of the gearbox as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of establishing a distribution model of shafting and bearings by using Romax software, and adopting cross shafting for the input shaft and the output shaft:
the transmission mode between the input shaft and the output shaft adopts spiral bevel gear transmission, and the front support bearing and the rear support bearing of the input shaft both adopt transfer conventional tapered roller bearings.
3. The method for designing the optimal matching parameters of the bearings of the gearbox as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step of establishing a distribution model of shafting and bearings by using Romax software, and adopting a cross shafting for an input shaft and an output shaft:
the rear support bearing of the output shaft adopts 32909 standard type structure bearing.
4. The method for designing optimal matching parameters of a gearbox bearing according to claim 3, wherein in the step of inputting the lubrication mode and the working temperature as fixed working condition parameters and inputting a plurality of groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters:
the lubrication mode adopts 90W gearbox oil for lubrication, and the working temperature is 90 ℃.
5. The method for designing optimal matching parameters of a gearbox bearing according to claim 3, wherein in the step of inputting the lubrication mode and the working temperature as fixed working condition parameters and inputting a plurality of groups of rotating speed data and torque data as variable working condition parameters:
the variable working condition parameters comprise a first working condition, a second working condition and a third working condition; the rotating speed of the first working condition is 430r/min, and the torque is 72 Nm; the rotating speed of the second working condition is 156r/min, and the torque is 1900 Nm; the rotating speed of the third working condition is 480r/min, and the torque is 600 Nm.
6. The method for designing optimal matching parameters of the bearings of the transfer case as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step of obtaining multiple groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimizing the stress distribution of the shafting of the transfer case by analyzing and testing the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters:
the theory of Romax software analysis is based on the bearing life calculation method of ISO281 and TS16281 international standards.
7. The method for designing optimal matching parameters of the bearings of the transfer case as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step of obtaining multiple groups of service life parameters of the rear bearing and optimizing the stress distribution of the shafting of the transfer case by analyzing and testing the distribution model, the fixed working condition parameters and the variable working condition parameters:
respectively bringing the variable working condition parameters into ISO281 and TS16281 international standards to analyze to obtain the service life of the rear bearing; the service life of the rear bearing under the first working condition is 5880h, the service life of the rear bearing under the second working condition is 3.8h, and the service life of the rear bearing under the third working condition is 826 h.
8. The method for designing the optimal matching parameters of the bearing of the gearbox as recited in claim 7, wherein in the step of analyzing the contact stress result of the roller and the raceway in the bearing by utilizing Romax software, the bearing material is selected;
and evaluating the contact fatigue life and the life dispersion of different bearing steel materials, and analyzing the influence of the smelting quality of the bearing material on the performance and the life of the bearing, thereby selecting the bearing material.
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