CN114297119B - Intelligent contract execution method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The disclosure provides an intelligent contract execution method, device, equipment and storage medium, and relates to the technical field of blockchain. The specific implementation scheme is as follows: determining at least one execution engine corresponding to the interface according to the interface for receiving the intelligent contract execution request; determining a target execution engine from the at least one execution engine; the target intelligent contract is executed using the target execution engine. The implementation mode can improve the execution efficiency of the intelligent contract.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of computer technology, and in particular, to the field of blockchain technology, and more particularly, to an intelligent contract execution method, apparatus, device, and storage medium.
Background
In a blockchain system, smart contract development may be performed using different languages. The smart contracts may be executed in different ways. For example, it may be performed in a local process, interacting with a chain process through inter-process communication. The chain process may also be executed in the form of WASM modules with WASM virtual machines embedded therein, interacting with the chain process through WASI interfaces or other ABI interfaces. It may also be in the form of a container that interacts with the blockchain through the form of TCP/IP.
However, intelligent contracts written in the same language can have different execution engines, and the same execution engine corresponds to different contract languages. In the context of multi-lingual smart contracts and multi-execution engines, the interaction of smart contracts with blockchains is very complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides an intelligent contract execution method, apparatus, device, and storage medium.
According to a first aspect, there is provided an intelligent contract execution method, including: determining at least one execution engine corresponding to the interface according to the interface for receiving the intelligent contract execution request; determining a target execution engine from the at least one execution engine; the target intelligent contract is executed using the target execution engine.
According to a second aspect, there is provided an intelligent contract execution apparatus including: an engine candidate unit configured to determine at least one execution engine corresponding to an interface according to the interface receiving the smart contract execution request; an engine determination unit configured to determine a target execution engine from the at least one execution engine; and a contract execution unit configured to execute the target smart contract using a target execution engine.
According to a third aspect, there is provided an electronic device comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method as described in the first aspect.
According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method as described in the first aspect.
According to a fifth aspect, a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in the first aspect.
According to the technology disclosed by the invention, the execution engine of the intelligent contract can be quickly determined, and the execution efficiency of the intelligent contract is improved.
It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following specification.
Drawings
The drawings are for a better understanding of the present solution and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a process schematic for deploying smart contracts in a blockchain network;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary system architecture diagram in which an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a smart contract execution method according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a smart contract execution method according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a smart contract execution apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an electronic device for implementing the smart contract execution method of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which include various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate understanding, and should be considered as merely exemplary. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Also, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted in the following description for clarity and conciseness.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a process schematic for deploying a smart contract in a blockchain network. As shown in FIG. 1, the blockchain network includes a plurality of nodes, and each node can communicate with each other. The user can initiate a transaction through the above-mentioned node by means of an external account, which can be either a normal transfer transaction or a smart contract creation or invocation. Assuming that at some node in the network, the contract developer Bob wants to publish a piece of smart contracts, the publication process as shown can be employed.
First, bob may write a smart contract in a high-level language. The high-level language is then compiled into a bytecode (bytecode) file by a compiler, generating a contract module.
Byte codes are an intermediate code format between high-level language and machine code, comprising a sequence of opcode code (operation code)/data pairs that form binary character encodings. The bytecode is not a machine code that can be directly executed, and the corresponding virtual machine needs to be parsed to be executed.
Bob may then issue the contract in the form of a transaction. Specifically, bob can initiate a transaction, in which the initiator from field is Bob (more specifically, bob's address), and the receiver to field is set to a null value; the transaction content also includes a Data field containing code after compiling the smart contract into byte code.
After Bob issues such a transaction to the blockchain network, each node in the blockchain network may obtain the bytecode of the smart contract, and the smart contract is deployed to each node in the blockchain network. As with conventional transactions, the accounting node validates, packages, etc., the transaction, records it in the blockchain, and adds it to the blockchain through a consensus mechanism. In this process, the smart contract is also assigned a contract address, for example, 0x6f …, according to an algorithm, for example, hashing based on the issuer address, etc. Thus, a smart contract corresponds to a contract address, and is not formally different from the external account address of the user. After the above intelligent contracts are wrapped and uplink, any user in the blockchain network can invoke the intelligent contracts.
When the user calls the intelligent contract, the virtual machine in the node executes the operation corresponding to the contract logic, and the change of the contract state on the network is realized through a consensus mechanism. Specifically, the virtual machine loads and runs the byte code of the previously deployed smart contract, and more specifically, an interpreter in the virtual machine interprets and executes the instruction stream represented by the byte code, thereby executing the smart contract and changing the state of the parameters in the contract.
As can be seen from the above process, the intelligent contracts need to constantly interact with the blockchain during execution to update the state of the intelligent contracts in time.
Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary system architecture 200 to which embodiments of the smart contract execution methods or smart contract execution apparatus of the present disclosure may be applied.
As shown in fig. 2, system architecture 200 may include a user space and a kernel space. Within the user space, users write intelligent contracts using a contract language for implementing business logic. The contract language may include C++, GO, JAVA, etc. The smart contract may eventually be compiled into a bytecode file, such as a local executable file, WASM modules, or the like. The smart contracts interact with the blockchain of kernel space through the bridging layer.
It should be noted that, the smart contract execution method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure is generally executed by the bridging layer. Accordingly, the smart contract execution apparatus is generally disposed in the bridging layer.
With continued reference to FIG. 3, a flow 300 of one embodiment of a smart contract execution method according to the present disclosure is shown. The intelligent contract executing method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step 301, determining at least one execution engine corresponding to the interface according to the interface receiving the intelligent contract execution request.
In this embodiment, the execution body, i.e. the bridging layer, may provide a common link access interface for each smart contract, and may provide different access interfaces for different smart contracts to access different smart contracts. Accordingly, the execution subject may execute the requested interface according to the smart contract, and determine at least one execution engine corresponding to the interface. Here, if a certain execution engine satisfies the interface constraint of a certain interface, it is considered that the execution engine may be used to execute an intelligent contract that invokes the interface, and it is considered that a correspondence exists between the execution engine and the interface.
Step 302, determining a target execution engine from at least one execution engine.
The execution body may select one from the corresponding execution engines as a target execution engine. Or selecting an execution engine with the smallest load according to the number of intelligent contracts currently executed by each execution engine.
Step 303, executing the target intelligent contract by using the target execution engine.
The execution body may execute the target smart contract using the target execution engine. In particular, the execution body may perform execution of multiple functions on the target smart contract using the execution engine to continuously modify parameters of the smart contract.
According to the intelligent contract executing method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, different executing engines can be utilized to process the intelligent contract, so that the executing efficiency of the intelligent contract is improved.
With continued reference to FIG. 4, a flow 400 of another embodiment of a smart contract execution method according to the present disclosure is shown. As shown in fig. 4, the method of the present embodiment may include the steps of:
Step 401, determining at least one execution engine corresponding to the interface according to the interface receiving the intelligent contract execution request.
Step 402, determining a target execution engine from at least one execution engine.
In this embodiment, the execution body, i.e. the bridging layer, may provide a common link access interface for each smart contract, and may provide different access interfaces for different smart contracts to access different smart contracts. Accordingly, the execution subject may execute the requested interface according to the smart contract, and determine at least one execution engine corresponding to the interface. Here, if a certain execution engine satisfies the interface constraint of a certain interface, it is considered that the execution engine may be used to execute an intelligent contract that invokes the interface, and it is considered that a correspondence exists between the execution engine and the interface. The execution body may select one from the corresponding execution engines as a target execution engine. Here, the interface constraint may be considered as what the bridging layer requires each execution engine to provide. The content provided by the execution engine meets the requirements of the bridging layer if the execution engine meets the interface constraints.
Step 403, executing the target smart contract with the target execution engine.
Step 404, determining the priority of the target smart contract.
The execution body may also determine the priority of the target smart contract. In particular, the executing entity may determine the priority based on the user identification of the issuing target smart contract or the type of the target smart contract. Or the executing entity may also determine priority based on other information of the target smart contract.
In response to determining that the priority is higher than the priority of the currently executing smart contract, the executing of the currently executing smart contract is suspended, and the execution state of the currently executing smart contract is saved, step 405.
In this embodiment, if the executing body determines that the priority is higher than the priority of the currently executed smart contract, execution of the currently executed smart contract is suspended. And saves the execution state of the currently executing smart contract. In particular, the execution subject may utilize a context manager to manage the execution state of each smart contract.
Step 406, querying the execution state of the smart contract according to the globally unique context identification.
In this embodiment, the execution engine and context manager communicate the execution state through a globally unique context identification. In order to ensure the accuracy of the intelligent contract call, when determining the execution state of the intelligent contract, the execution subject can inquire the execution state through the context identification. Here, a globally unique context identification may be understood as a context identification that is unchanged during a smart contract call until the execution engine completes the call of the smart contract.
In step 407, in response to determining that the execution of the target smart contract is completed, continuing to execute the smart contract according to the saved execution state of the smart contract.
If the intelligent contract with higher priority is executed, the execution body can continue to execute the intelligent contract according to the execution state of the stored intelligent contract.
In response to receiving the state modification request for the smart contract, the execution state of the smart contract is modified according to the state modification request after the execution engine commits, step 408.
In this embodiment, the execution state of the smart contract stored in the context manager may be considered to be a copy of the state of the maintenance smart contract. If the execution body receives a state modification request for the smart contract, all modifications to the execution state require the execution engine to commit before modification.
According to the intelligent contract executing method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the bridging layer is arranged between the intelligent contracts and the blockchain, and can provide a universal interface for the intelligent contracts in different languages and universal interface constraint for different execution engines, so that the different execution engines execute different intelligent contracts, and the executing efficiency of the intelligent contracts is effectively improved.
With further reference to fig. 5, as an implementation of the method shown in the foregoing figures, the present disclosure provides an embodiment of an intelligent contract execution apparatus, which corresponds to the method embodiment shown in fig. 2, and which is particularly applicable to various electronic devices.
As shown in fig. 5, the smart contract execution apparatus 500 of the present embodiment includes: an engine candidate unit 501, an engine determination unit 502, and a contract execution unit 503.
The engine candidate unit 501 is configured to determine at least one execution engine corresponding to an interface according to the interface that receives the smart contract execution request.
The engine determining unit 502 is configured to determine a target execution engine from the at least one execution engine.
The contract execution unit 503 is configured to execute a target smart contract using a target execution engine.
In some optional implementations of this embodiment, the apparatus 500 may further include: a priority determining unit and a state saving unit.
And a priority determining unit configured to determine the priority of the target smart contract.
And a state saving unit configured to suspend execution of the currently executed smart contract in response to determining that the priority is higher than the priority of the currently executed smart contract, and save the execution state of the currently executed smart contract.
In some optional implementations of the present embodiment, the apparatus 500 may further include a continuation execution unit configured to: and in response to determining that the target intelligent contract is completed, continuing to execute the intelligent contract according to the stored intelligent contract execution state.
In some optional implementations of this embodiment, the apparatus 500 may further include a status query unit configured to: and inquiring the execution state of the intelligent contract according to the globally unique context identifier.
In some optional implementations of the present embodiment, the apparatus 500 may further include a state modifying unit configured to: in response to receiving the state modification request for the smart contract, modifying an execution state of the smart contract according to the state modification request after the execution engine commits.
It should be understood that each unit described in the smart contract execution apparatus 500 corresponds to each step in the method described in fig. 2, respectively. Thus, the operations and features described above with respect to the smart contract execution method are equally applicable to the apparatus 500 and the units contained therein, and are not described in detail herein.
In the technical scheme of the disclosure, the related processes of collecting, storing, using, processing, transmitting, providing, disclosing and the like of the personal information of the user accord with the regulations of related laws and regulations, and the public order colloquial is not violated.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium and a computer program product.
Fig. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device 600 that performs a smart contract execution method in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Electronic devices are intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processing, cellular telephones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the disclosure described and/or claimed herein.
As shown in fig. 6, the electronic device 600 includes a processor 601 that can perform various suitable actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 602 or a computer program loaded from a memory 608 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 603. In the RAM603, various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 600 can also be stored. The processor 601, the ROM 602, and the RAM603 are connected to each other through a bus 604. An I/O interface (input/output interface) 605 is also connected to the bus 604.
A number of components in the electronic device 600 are connected to the I/O interface 605, including: an input unit 606 such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output unit 607 such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; memory 608, e.g., magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 609 such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 609 allows the electronic device 600 to exchange information/data with other devices through a computer network, such as the internet, and/or various telecommunication networks.
The processor 601 may be a variety of general and/or special purpose processing components having processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 601 include, but are not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), various specialized Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The processor 601 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the smart contract execution method. For example, in some embodiments, the smart contract execution method may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly embodied on a machine-readable storage medium, such as memory 608. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto the electronic device 600 via the ROM 602 and/or the communication unit 609. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 603 and executed by processor 601, one or more steps of the smart contract execution method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 601 may be configured to perform the smart contract execution method in any other suitable manner (e.g., by means of firmware).
Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuit systems, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), systems On Chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs, the one or more computer programs may be executed and/or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a special purpose or general-purpose programmable processor, that may receive data and instructions from, and transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code described above may be packaged into a computer program product. These program code or computer program products may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus such that the program code, when executed by the processor 601, causes the functions/operations specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal storage medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) by which a user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic input, speech input, or tactile input.
The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a background component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such background, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), wide Area Networks (WANs), and the internet.
The computer system may include a client and a server. The client and server are typically remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server can be a cloud server, also called a cloud computing server or a cloud host, and is a host product in a cloud computing service system, so that the defects of high management difficulty and weak service expansibility in the traditional physical hosts and VPS service ("Virtual PRIVATE SERVER" or simply "VPS") are overcome. The server may also be a server of a distributed system or a server that incorporates a blockchain.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps recited in the present disclosure may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, provided that the desired results of the technical solutions of the present disclosure are achieved, and are not limited herein.
The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. that are within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. A smart contract execution method, comprising:
determining at least one execution engine corresponding to an interface according to the interface for receiving the intelligent contract execution request;
determining a target execution engine from the at least one execution engine;
executing a target intelligent contract by using the target execution engine;
determining a priority of the target smart contract;
In response to determining that the priority is higher than the priority of the currently executing intelligent contract, suspending executing the currently executing intelligent contract, and storing the execution state of the currently executing intelligent contract;
Inquiring the execution state of the intelligent contract according to the globally unique context identifier;
and in response to determining that the target intelligent contract is completed, continuing to execute the intelligent contract according to the stored intelligent contract execution state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
in response to receiving a state modification request for the smart contract, modifying an execution state of the smart contract according to the state modification request after submission by the execution engine.
3. An intelligent contract execution apparatus, comprising:
An engine candidate unit configured to determine at least one execution engine corresponding to an interface receiving the smart contract execution request according to the interface;
an engine determination unit configured to determine a target execution engine from the at least one execution engine;
A contract execution unit configured to execute a target smart contract using the target execution engine;
a priority determining unit configured to determine a priority of the target smart contract;
A state saving unit configured to suspend execution of the currently executed smart contract in response to determining that the priority is higher than that of the currently executed smart contract, and save an execution state of the currently executed smart contract;
the state query unit is configured to query the execution state of the intelligent contract according to the globally unique context identifier;
And a continuing execution unit configured to continue execution of the smart contract according to the saved execution state of the smart contract in response to determining that the execution of the target smart contract is completed.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus further comprises a state repair
A modifying unit configured to:
in response to receiving a state modification request for the smart contract, modifying an execution state of the smart contract according to the state modification request after submission by the execution engine.
5. An electronic device, comprising:
At least one processor; and
A memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein,
The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-2.
6. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-2.
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| US11663609B2 (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2023-05-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus to enforce smart contract execution hierarchy on blockchain |
| EP3503012A1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-26 | Accenture Global Solutions Limited | Analytics engine for multiple blockchain nodes |
| CN108876610A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-23 | 深圳市零度智控科技有限公司 | Intelligent contract implementation method, user equipment, storage medium and device |
| US20200160326A1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-21 | Paypal, Inc. | System and method for optimizing data writing to a blockchain |
| CN109710384B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-02-23 | 杭州趣链科技有限公司 | Safe Java intelligent contract interpretation execution engine and method |
| CN110060155B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-03-23 | 创新先进技术有限公司 | Intelligent contract execution method and device of block chain and electronic equipment |
| CN111815310B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-08-17 | 支付宝(杭州)信息技术有限公司 | Method for executing intelligent contract, block chain node and storage medium |
| CN112017007A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-01 | 中国平安财产保险股份有限公司 | User behavior data processing method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN112866392B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-06-30 | 支付宝(杭州)信息技术有限公司 | Method, blockchain node, system and storage medium for executing intelligent contract |
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