CN114296285A

CN114296285A - High-performance electrolyte for Prussian blue-based electrochromic device

Info

Publication number: CN114296285A
Application number: CN202111546136.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康利涛; 黄柄琨; 宋吉生; 钟俊森; 王寒冰; 刘璇
Original assignee: Yantai University
Current assignee: Yantai University
Priority date: 2021-12-16
Filing date: 2021-12-16
Publication date: 2022-04-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-performance electrolyte for a Prussian blue-based electrochromic device, which comprises an organic phosphate solvent and an alkali metal salt. The electrolyte disclosed by the invention not only can effectively overcome the problems of narrow stable voltage interval, more side reactions, slow reaction speed, short color change cycle life and the like of the traditional electrolyte, but also has the outstanding advantages of large applicable temperature zone, high water and oxygen tolerance, simple preparation process, mild conditions, suitability for industrial batch production and the like. The electrochromic device prepared by the electrolyte can flexibly adjust the color and the light transmittance of the device through external voltage, and has wide application prospects in the fields of building energy conservation, airplane dimming glare windows, optical stealth, glare prevention goggles, automobile skylights, photo-thermal management, energy-saving display, flexible devices and the like.

Description

High-performance electrolyte for Prussian blue-based electrochromic device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical application field of functional materials, and particularly relates to a high-performance electrolyte for a Prussian blue-based electrochromic device.

Background

In order to reduce the weight of the outer wall and improve the daylighting property and the aesthetic degree, the proportion of the glass curtain wall in the outer protective structure of the modern building is increased more and more. However, the widespread use of glass curtain walls also results in a huge waste of energy. Investigations have shown that the heat loss caused by glass curtain walls is more than 10 times that of typical masonry infilled walls, accounting for up to about 40% of the total heat loss of the building. Therefore, how to effectively reduce the heat loss and energy consumption of buildings by using the energy-saving glass technology becomes a focus of increasing attention.

The electrochromic glass can flexibly adjust the optical performance of the electrochromic glass under the action of an external electric field. The electrochromic glass is applied to building and automobile glass, so that the sunlight intake of the glass can be flexibly controlled according to the change of the environmental temperature, and the purposes of reducing energy consumption and improving indoor photo-thermal comfort level are achieved. The electrochromic technology is applied to products such as glasses, rearview mirrors and the like, and the anti-dazzle effect can be achieved. In addition, the electrochromic material can also present patterns through natural chromatic aberration before and after color change, and the technical effects of stable state display, optical stealth and the like are realized. By using the electrochromic technology and the intelligent electronic equipment together, an intelligent color-changing device can be obtained, and the using effect is further improved.

Prussian blue is an open-framework electrochromic material consisting of three common elements of iron, carbon and nitrogen. It realizes' deep blue color mainly through the co-intercalation-co-deintercalation reaction of electrons and color-changing ions (generally alkali metal ions)

Transparent state' color conversion, fast color change response speed and high color contrast. In addition, the Prussian blue also has the advantages of low preparation cost, mild synthesis conditions, environmental protection, high biological safety, strong environmental durability and the like, and is an important electrochromic material. However, due to solvent co-intercalation, preparation defects and the like, a large amount of crystal water is often present in Prussian blue crystal lattices, and the blockage of ion migration channels and iron ions are acceleratedAnd the like, thereby affecting the color cycle stability of the material (anal. chem.,1998,70, 2544-.

In order to overcome the problems, the professor Wangjinmin deposits a Prussian blue coating with high crystallinity on FTO transparent conductive glass by reasonably designing a hydrothermal synthesis process, thereby effectively improving the color change response time and cycle life of the coating in an aqueous electrolyte (Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,2018,177, 9-14). In addition, the pH and OH of the solution are reduced by adding an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid to the aqueous electrolyte^-The concentration can also inhibit Prussian blue lattice defects, water molecules and OH^-The coordination of ions greatly improves the color change cycle stability of the Prussian blue material (Materials 2019,12(1), 28). However, the conventional aqueous solution generally has the problem of narrow stable voltage range, and secondly, the introduction of the acidic additive may corrode the counter electrode and the transparent conductive layer on the glass substrate thereof and accelerate the hydrogen evolution side reaction of the electrolyte, resulting in electrolyte loss and performance degradation (Electroanalysis 1997,9, 838-.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-performance electrolyte for a Prussian blue-based electrochromic device. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the general challenges of narrow stable voltage range, side reactions such as hydrogen evolution/oxygen evolution and the like, slow reaction kinetics, prussian blue dissolution, poor cycle stability and the like of the traditional electrolyte represented by a water solvent, a high-performance electrolyte for prussian blue-based electrochromic devices is developed. The electrolyte provided by the invention not only can remarkably improve the cycle stability of the Prussian blue electrochromic device, but also can effectively expand the stable voltage interval of the electrolyte and expand the material selection range of the counter electrode.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a high-performance electrolyte for Prussian blue-based electrochromic devices, which is different from the prior art, includes an organic phosphate-based solvent and an alkali metal salt.

The electrolyte can be used for constructing a high-performance and long-life Prussian blue-based electrochromic device, and when the Prussian blue color-changing electrode generates an electrochromic reaction, the electrolyte is used as an electrochemical reaction medium of the color-changing electrode and a counter electrode, and the electric neutrality of the two electrodes is ensured by conveying alkali metal ions required by the color-changing reaction. The electrolyte disclosed by the invention not only can effectively overcome the problems of narrow stable voltage interval, more side reactions, slow reaction speed, short color change cycle life and the like of the traditional electrolyte, but also has the outstanding advantages of large applicable temperature zone, high water and oxygen tolerance, simple preparation process, mild conditions, suitability for industrial batch production and the like.

Wherein the organic phosphate solvent is preferably one or more selected from tris (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TFEP), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), trimethyl phosphate (TMP), diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), tripentyl phosphate (TAP) and triisopropylphenyl phosphate (IPPP).

Wherein the alkali metal salt is preferably F of an alkali metal ion^-、Cl^-、Br^-、I^-、BF₄ ^-、PF₆ ^-、AsF₆ ^-、SbF₆ ^-、ClO₄ ^-、NO₃ ^-、SO₄ ^2-、SCN^-、PO₄ ^3-、BC₂O₄ ^-、BFC₄O₈ ^-、(CF₃)₂PF₄ ^-、(CF₃)₃PF₃ ^-、(CF₃)₄PF₂ ^-、(CF₃)₅PF^-、(CF₃)₆P^-、(CF₃)₂SO₂N^-、(CF₃CF₂)₂SO₂N^-、F₂SO₂N^-、C₄F₉SO₃ ^-、CF₃SO₃ ^-、CF₃CF₂SO₃ ^-、(CF₃SO₂)₂CH^-、CF₃(CF₂)₇SO₃ ^-、CF₃CF₂(CF₃)₂CO^-、CF₃CO₂ ^-、CH₃CO₂ ^-One or a mixture of two or more of the salts.

Furthermore, the concentration of the alkali metal salt in the electrolyte is 0.01-5.0 mol/L.

Further, the high performance electrolyte also comprises an organic cosolvent for improving the solubility of the alkali metal salt.

Still further, the organic cosolvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, methyl acetate, propyl propionate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, one or more of methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl butyrate, dimethoxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, acetonitrile, ethanedinitrile, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, polyhydric alcohols, 3-methoxypropionitrile, 3-ethoxypropionitrile, decanedionitrile, 2,2, 2-trifluoroethoxypropionitrile, and glutaronitrile.

Further, the high-performance electrolyte further comprises a gelling agent and/or a gelling component. The liquid electrolyte is converted to a gel state by adding a gelling agent and/or gelling component to the liquid electrolyte.

Still further, the gelling agent is one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylamide, chitosan, chondroitin, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl methyl ether, polypropylene fumarate, polylactic acid-hydroxyhexanoic acid, fibrin glue, cellulose ether, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxyl cellulose salt, sodium alginate, gelatin and sodium silicate.

Still further, the gelling component is one or more than two of cumene hydroperoxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, dopamine, aniline, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, benzoyl peroxide and phenolic resin.

Still further, the volume ratio of the organic phosphate ester solvent in the electrolyte is more than 8%. Preferably, when the electrolyte contains at least one of an organic cosolvent, a gelling agent and a gelling component, the volume ratio of the total amount of the components to the organic phosphate ester solvent is 9: 1-1: 20.

The invention also discloses application of the high-performance electrolyte in a Prussian blue-based electrochromic device.

Specifically, the Prussian blue-based electrochromic device is applied to the fields of building energy-saving glass, airplane dimming glare windows, optical stealth, anti-glare goggles, automobile skylights, photo-thermal management, smart homes, energy-saving display or flexible devices.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) compared with the traditional water-based electrolyte, the electrolyte provided by the invention can greatly improve the cycle stability of the Prussian blue electrochromic film. Tests show that in the neutral water system electrolyte, after the Prussian blue coating is circulated for 100 circles, the electrochemical activity of the Prussian blue coating almost completely disappears, and the color change performance is rapidly reduced; the cycle life of the Prussian blue coating is effectively prolonged by acidifying the aqueous electrolyte by hydrochloric acid, but the electrochemical activity and the color change performance of the Prussian blue coating are greatly reduced after 1000 circles. After 1000 cycles in the electrolyte, the electrochemical activity and the color change performance of the Prussian blue coating are still very high.

(2) Compared with the traditional water system electrolyte, the high-performance electrolyte can remarkably widen the stable voltage range from 2.2-2.3V to 3.05V. The wider stable voltage window can not only enlarge the material selection range of the counter electrode, but also inhibit various side reactions.

(3) Compared with the traditional water system electrolyte, the high-performance electrolyte disclosed by the invention has better freezing resistance, and can effectively widen the application scenes of electrochromic devices.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of FTO conductive glass and a color-changing electrode 1(PB/FTO glass) prepared by the technical scheme in the specific embodiment;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the assembled

devices

1, 2, 3 in the embodiment; wherein: 1-substrate, 2-conducting layer, 3-Prussian blue color-changing electrode, 4-electrolyte, 5-device packaging material, 6-counter electrode and 7-substrate;

FIG. 3 is a linear sweep voltammogram of different electrolytes in test 1; wherein (a) electrolyte 4, (b) comparative electrolyte 1, (c) comparative electrolyte 2;

FIG. 4 is a plot of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) for the metamorphic electrode 2 at different electrolytes in test 2; wherein (a) electrolyte 6, (b) comparative electrolyte 1, (c) comparative electrolyte 2;

FIG. 5 is a real-time transmittance curve (wavelength 633nm) of the electrochromic electrode 3 in test 3 when the color of different electrolytes is switched; wherein (a) electrolyte 2, (b) comparative electrolyte 1, (c) comparative electrolyte 2;

FIG. 6 is a response curve of the color change of the color changing electrode 3 in the test 4 when the color of different electrolytes is switched; wherein (a, b) electrolyte 8, (c, d) comparative electrolyte 1;

figure 7 is a color memory result for an electrochromic device resulting from the configuration of device 3 with electrochromic electrode 1 and electrolyte 5 in test 5.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

For convenience of discussion, in the following embodiments, the preparation of prussian blue electrochromic devices is divided into: step one, preparing a Prussian blue electrochromic electrode; step two, preparing electrolyte; step three, assembling the device; the products obtained in each step are named using the corresponding step number.

The method comprises the following steps: prussian blue electrochromic electrode preparation

Color-changing electrode 1:

mixing 0.25g glucose (C)₆H₁₂O₆) And 0.66g of potassium ferricyanide (K)₃[Fe(CN)₆]) Dissolving in 60mL deionized water, magnetically stirring for 5min, adjusting the pH value to 0.7 by using 37 wt.% hydrochloric acid, and continuously magnetically stirring for 20min to finally obtain a yellow and uniform precursor solution;

and (3) ultrasonically washing the FTO conductive glass by using deionized water, acetone, isopropanol and deionized water in sequence, and then drying. And (3) inclining the cleaned FTO conductive glass to lean against a closed hydrothermal reactor filled with the precursor solution, reacting for 4 hours at 120 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing the FTO conductive glass with deionized water and ethanol for a plurality of times, and finally drying at 60 ℃.

The Prussian blue film is deposited on FTO conductive glass by a hydrothermal method, and the physical photos of the FTO conductive glass used for deposition and the prepared color-changing electrode 1 are shown in figure 1. In FIG. 1, the PB/FTO glass artwork is blue, and may be subsequently provided as needed for review.

Color change electrode 2:

ITO conductive glass, Pt foil, Ag/AgCl electrode as working electrode, counter electrode and reference electrode respectively to contain 5mM FeCl₃、5mM K₃[Fe(CN)₆]And 200mM KCl as electrolyte, and depositing PB film on ITO glass by electrodeposition method under three-electrode system condition, preferably in constant current mode, such as-15 μ A cm^-2And (4) carrying out current and continuously depositing for 30s to obtain the Prussian blue electrochromic film. The Prussian blue film is deposited on the ITO conductive glass by an electrodeposition method.

Color change electrode 3:

prussian blue nano-particles are added into a mixed solvent of deionized water and ethanol (water and normalButanol at 1:10 volume ratio) to obtain a prussian blue suspension having a solid content of 20 wt.%, and an alkylamine was added to the suspension in an amount of 0.2 times the weight of prussian blue. Subsequently, by centrifugation, the precipitate was separated and washed 2 times with diethyl ether. Drying the washed precipitate, stirring for 3 days, re-dispersing in n-butanol to obtain 15mg mL^-1And centrifuging the dispersion at 3500rpm for 30min to remove significantly aggregated particles.

And (3) taking the PET plastic film coated with the silver nanowires as a transparent conductive substrate, coating 100 mu L of the dispersion on the surface of the substrate by using a spin coating method, and heating the substrate at 100 ℃ for 20min for drying to obtain the color-changing electrode 3.

Step two: electrolyte preparation

Example 1

Mixing LiBC₂O₄Dissolving in tris (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TFEP) to prepare LiBC₂O₄An electrolyte 1 having a concentration of 0.01 mol/L.

Example 2

Adding NaClO₄Dissolving in tripentyl phosphate (TAP) to prepare NaClO₄An electrolyte 2 having a concentration of 5 mol/L.

Example 3

KCl was dissolved in a mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) (volume ratio of DMSO to TBP was 9:1) to prepare an electrolyte 3 having a KCl concentration of 0.5 mol/L.

Example 4

Mixing LiPF₆Dissolving in mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) (volume ratio of DMC to DMMP is 1:1) to prepare LiPF₆An electrolyte 4 having a concentration of 1 mol/L.

Example 5

Adding NaF₂SO₂Dissolving N in a mixed solution of Propylene Carbonate (PC) and tris (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TFEP) (the volume ratio of PC to TFEP is 5:1) to prepare KF₂SO₂An electrolyte 5 having an N concentration of 0.01 mol/L.

Example 6

Mixing KCF in equal molar ratio₃CO₂And NaNO₃Dissolving in mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) (volume ratio of DMSO to DMMP is 1:3) to prepare KCF₃CO₂、NaNO₃And the electrolyte 6 with the concentration of 0.05mol/L respectively.

Example 7

The CsCF with equal molar ratio₃SO₃And LiCF₃CF₂(CF₃)₂Dissolving CO in mixed solution of Acetonitrile (AN) and DEEP (AN and DEEP volume ratio of 2:3) to prepare CsCF₃SO₃、LiCF₃CF₂(CF₃)₂And electrolytes 7 with CO concentrations of 0.25mol/L respectively.

Example 8

Uniformly mixing poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) according to a volume ratio of 3.2:1.8, and adding 20mg/mL of azobisisobutyronitrile and 0.5mol/L of LiNO into the mixed solution₃After stirring at 30 ℃ for 3 hours, the obtained solution was placed in an oven at 80 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a gel-state electrolyte 8.

Comparative example 1

Dissolving KCl in H₂In O, comparative electrolyte 1 having a KCl concentration of 0.5mol/L was prepared.

Comparative example 2

Dissolving KCl in H₂O and 37 wt.% concentrated hydrochloric acid (H)₂The volume ratio of O to concentrated hydrochloric acid is 1000:1), and a comparative electrolyte 2 with the KCl concentration of 0.5mol/L is prepared.

Step three: prussian blue electrochromic device assembly

A schematic of the assembled device is shown in fig. 2.

Device 1

And (3) sticking the metal Zn strips on transparent glass (the area ratio of the metal Zn strips to the glass is 1:9) to prepare the metal Zn counter electrode with transparency. The color-changing electrode 3 and the counter electrode were bonded to form a small groove with a cavity of 5mm thickness using silicone. And then, injecting electrolyte between the color-changing electrode and the counter electrode through an injector to complete the assembly of the electrochromic device.

Device 2

To be coated with WO₃The FTO conductive glass of (1) is a counter electrode. The color-changing electrode 1 and the counter electrode were bonded to each other by epoxy resin to form a small groove having a cavity with a thickness of 5 mm. And then, injecting electrolyte between the color-changing electrode and the counter electrode through an injector to complete the assembly of the electrochromic device.

Device 3

ITO conductive glass is used as a counter electrode, and butyl rubber is used for bonding the color-changing electrode 2 and the counter electrode into a small groove with a cavity with the thickness of 5 mm. And then, injecting electrolyte between the color-changing electrode and the counter electrode through a syringe, thereby completing the assembly of the electrochromic device.

Test 1

A linear sweep voltammogram was obtained by performing a linear potential sweep using linear sweep voltammetry on the electrolyte 3 obtained in example 3, the comparative electrolyte 1 obtained in comparative example 1, and the comparative electrolyte 2 obtained in comparative example 2, and the obtained linear sweep voltammogram was shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, (a) electrolyte 3, (b) comparative electrolyte 1, and (c) comparative electrolyte 2.

From the above data, the stable voltage interval of the

comparative electrolytes

1 and 2 was 2.2 to 2.3V, while the stable voltage interval of the electrolyte disclosed in the present invention was 3.05V. The wide stable voltage window not only can expand the material selection range of the counter electrode, but also is beneficial to inhibiting side reactions such as electrolyte decomposition and the like.

Test 2

The color changing electrode 2 was tested to obtain Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) curves for different electrolytes, as shown in fig. 4. In fig. 4, (a) electrolyte 6 (example 6), (b) comparative electrolyte 1, (c) comparative electrolyte 2.

From the above data, in comparative electrolyte 1, the electrochemical activity of the prussian blue coating almost completely disappeared after 100 cycles; the cycle life of the Prussian blue coating is effectively prolonged by acidifying the aqueous electrolyte by hydrochloric acid, but the electrochemical activity of the Prussian blue coating is greatly reduced after 1000 circles. And after 1000 cycles in the electrolyte, the electrochemical activity of the Prussian blue coating is continuously increased.

Test 3

The color-changing electrode 3 was tested to obtain its real-time transmittance change curve (wavelength 633nm) when color switching was performed on different electrolytes, as shown in fig. 5. In fig. 5, (a) electrolyte 2 (example 2), (b) comparative electrolyte 1, (c) comparative electrolyte 2.

From the above data, in comparative electrolyte 1, the light modulation amplitude of the prussian blue coating was reduced from 65.8% to 36.7% after 100 cycles; even in the comparative electrolyte 2, although the cycle life of the prussian blue coating is effectively prolonged, after 300 circles, the light modulation amplitude is still rapidly attenuated to 40.15%, and the color change performance of the coating is reduced. And after the electrolyte is circulated for 1000 times, the color change performance of the Prussian blue coating is kept stable.

Test 4

The color-changing electrode 3 was tested to obtain its color-changing response curve when the color of different electrolytes was switched, as shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, (a, b) electrolyte 8 (example 8), (c, d) comparative electrolyte 1.

It is noteworthy that the coloration time of the prussian blue coating in the electrolyte 8 decreases after 1000 cycles. Whereas in the comparative electrolyte 1, the coloring response time of the coating layer was extended to about 3 times as much as the initial one as the number of cycles was increased.

Test 5

The electrochromic device obtained using the device 3 configuration was tested for color memory for the color changing electrode 1 and electrolyte 5 (example 5) and the results are shown in fig. 7.

The transmittance of the device is hardly changed within 10h when the visible device is in a coloring state; while in the clear state, the initial transmittance was 53.3%, and the reductions at 1, 3, 5 and 10 hours were 41.2%, 34.9%, 31.0% and 25.1%. The results show that in the electrolyte disclosed by the invention, the Prussian blue electrochromic device has better color memory, and can basically keep stable color within hours after the external voltage is removed after the color switching is finished.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A high-performance electrolyte for Prussian blue-based electrochromic devices is characterized by comprising an organic phosphate solvent and an alkali metal salt.

2. The high-performance electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic phosphate-based solvent is one or more selected from tris (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, dimethyl methylphosphonate, trimethyl phosphate, diethyl ethylphosphonate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tripentyl phosphate and triisopropylphenyl phosphate.

3. The high performance electrolyte of claim 1, wherein said alkali metal salt is F of an alkali metal ion^-、Cl^-、Br^-、I^-、BF₄ ^-、PF₆ ^-、AsF₆ ^-、SbF₆ ^-、ClO₄ ^-、NO₃ ^-、SO₄ ^2-、SCN^-、PO₄ ^3-、BC₂O₄ ^-、BFC₄O₈ ^-、(CF₃)₂PF₄ ^-、(CF₃)₃PF₃ ^-、(CF₃)₄PF₂ ^-、(CF₃)₅PF^-、(CF₃)₆P^-、(CF₃)₂SO₂N^-、(CF₃CF₂)₂SO₂N^-、F₂SO₂N^-、C₄F₉SO₃ ^-、CF₃SO₃ ^-、CF₃CF₂SO₃ ^-、(CF₃SO₂)₂CH^-、CF₃(CF₂)₇SO₃ ^-、CF₃CF₂(CF₃)₂CO^-、CF₃CO₂ ^-、CH₃CO₂ ^-One or a mixture of two or more of the salts.

4. The high-performance electrolyte as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concentration of the alkali metal salt in the electrolyte is 0.01 to 5.0 mol/L.

5. The high performance electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an organic co-solvent.

6. The high performance electrolyte of claim 5, wherein the organic co-solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, methyl acetate, propyl propionate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl butyrate, dimethoxymethane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, acetonitrile, ethanedinitrile, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, polyhydric alcohol, 3-methoxypropionitrile, 3-ethoxypropionitrile, decanedionitrile, dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, and methyl sulfate, One or more than two of 2,2, 2-trifluoroethoxy propionitrile and glutaronitrile.

7. The high-performance electrolyte as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a gelling agent and/or a gelling component.

8. The high-performance electrolyte according to claim 7,

the gelling agent is one or more than two of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylamide, chitosan, chondroitin, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene methyl ether, polypropylene fumarate, polylactic acid-hydroxyhexanoic acid, fibrin glue, cellulose ether, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxyl cellulose salt, sodium alginate, gelatin and sodium silicate;

the gelling component is one or more than two of cumene hydroperoxide, azodiisobutyronitrile, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, dopamine, aniline, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, benzoyl peroxide and phenolic resin.

9. Use of the high performance electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in a Prussian blue-based electrochromic device.

10. The application of claim 9, wherein the prussian blue based electrochromic device is applied to the fields of building energy-saving glass, airplane dimming glare windows, optical stealth, anti-glare goggles, automobile skylights, photo-thermal management, smart home, energy-saving display or flexible devices.