CN114295580A - Method for rapidly judging pepper quality based on near infrared spectrum - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a near infrared spectrum analysis technology, discloses a method for rapidly judging the quality of pepper based on near infrared spectrum, and solves the problems that the prior pepper detection and classification technology is complex in operation, damages a sample and cannot rapidly determine. The method comprises the following steps: s1, collecting spectrum data of the pepper sample and performing second-order derivation; s2, calculating contribution weight coefficients of all wavelength points in the prickly ash spectrum data according to the second-order derivative spectrogram of the prickly ash sample; s3, calculating a spectrum mean value according to the contribution weight coefficient and the light intensity value of each wavelength point in the spectrum data of the pepper sample; s4, calculating the reflectivity of the sample according to the corresponding relation between the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample and the reflectivity thereof and the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample; and S5, judging the quality of the pepper sample according to the reflectivity of the pepper sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a near infrared spectrum analysis technology, in particular to a method for rapidly judging the quality of pepper based on near infrared spectrum.
Background
The pepper is one of the important economic crops in China, and the total area and the total yield of the pepper are the first in the world. The chemical and pharmacological researches of modern natural products show that the bioactive components in the pepper have the functions of oxidation resistance, tumor resistance, inflammation diminishing, bacteriostasis and corrosion prevention. The quality of the pepper is different due to different geographical environments, climate differences, soils, varieties and the like.
At present, for the detection and classification of the quality of the pepper, a gas-mass spectrometry combined method, a high performance liquid chromatography, a mid-infrared spectroscopy and the like are mainly adopted, but the methods are mainly applied in laboratories, the detection cost of the gas-mass spectrometry combined method and the high performance liquid chromatography is expensive, the sample treatment is complicated, the requirement on experimental operation is high, the rapid determination cannot be realized, and great difficulty is brought to the pepper detection and classification.
Therefore, the method for distinguishing the quality of the pepper is simple, rapid and nondestructive and has important practical significance.
Compared with other chemical analysis technologies, the portable near infrared spectrum technology has the characteristics of rapidness, accuracy, no need of sample pretreatment, no damage to samples, no pollution and the like, is an extremely suitable pepper quality detection technology, and meanwhile, the portable near infrared spectrometer is low in cost, simple to operate and convenient to carry, and can be purchased in large quantities to meet the detection requirements of various peppers.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for rapidly judging the quality of the zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the near infrared spectrum is provided, and the problems that the operation is complex, the sample is damaged and the rapid determination cannot be carried out in the existing zanthoxylum bungeanum inspection and classification technology are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for rapidly judging the quality of Chinese prickly ash based on near infrared spectrum comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting spectrum data of the pepper sample and performing second-order derivation;
s2, calculating contribution weight coefficients of all wavelength points in the prickly ash spectrum data according to the second-order derivative spectrogram of the prickly ash sample;
s3, calculating a spectrum mean value according to the contribution weight coefficient and the light intensity value of each wavelength point in the spectrum data of the pepper sample;
s4, calculating the reflectivity of the sample according to the corresponding relation between the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample and the reflectivity thereof and the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample;
and S5, judging the quality of the pepper sample according to the reflectivity of the pepper sample.
For further optimization, in step S1, a wavelength-averaging portable near infrared spectrometer is used to collect the spectral data of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample, the wavelength range is 1350nm to 1850nm, the resolution is 10nm, the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample contains 51 wavelength points, and the actual spectral data of each zanthoxylum bungeanum sample is represented as a matrix set of light intensity values at 51 wavelength points.
As a further optimization, in step S1, the second derivation method for the spectral data of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample is as follows: the Savitzky-Golay derivation is used, the half window width is set to 5, the polynomial maximum order is set to 5, and the derivation order is set to 2.
As a further optimization, in step S2, the calculating a weight coefficient of each wavelength point in the zanthoxylum bungeanum spectral data according to the second order derivative spectrogram of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample specifically includes:
and selecting the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the second derivative as a reference value through a second derivative spectrogram, and performing ratio operation on the second derivative value of each wavelength point, wherein the ratio is the contribution weight coefficient of each wavelength point.
As a further optimization, in step S3, the calculating a spectrum average value according to the contribution weight coefficient and the light intensity value of each wavelength point in the spectrum data of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample specifically includes:
and (3) performing product operation on the light intensity value of each wavelength point of the spectrum data of the pepper sample and the corresponding contribution weight coefficient to obtain the specific contribution value of each wavelength point, and performing mean calculation on all the contribution values to obtain a spectrum mean value.
As a further optimization, in step S4, the correspondence between the average spectrum value of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample and the reflectivity thereof is: the average value of the spectrum of the pepper sample is in linear positive correlation with the reflectivity thereof; and the corresponding relation between the average spectrum value and the reflectivity of the pepper sample can be calculated by combining the illumination intensity of the near-infrared illumination, the attenuation rate of the optical cavity and the illumination value received by the spectrum sensor.
As a further optimization, in step S5, the determining the quality of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample according to the reflectivity thereof specifically includes:
setting reflectivity threshold values corresponding to different quality grades of the pepper sample, and comparing the reflectivity of the pepper sample with the reflectivity threshold values corresponding to different qualities, thereby determining the quality grade of the pepper sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the reflectivity of different pepper samples is calculated through near infrared spectrum data, so that the quality of the pepper samples can be rapidly judged, and the problems that the operation is complex, the samples are damaged, and the rapid determination cannot be performed in the conventional pepper inspection and classification technology are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for rapidly judging the quality of zanthoxylum bungeanum based on near infrared spectrum in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of second derivative spectral data of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum sample.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly judging the quality of pepper based on near infrared spectrum, and solves the problems that the operation is complex, a sample is damaged, and quick measurement cannot be realized in the conventional pepper inspection and classification technology. The method comprises the steps of firstly collecting spectrum data of a pepper sample, carrying out second-order derivation on the spectrum data of the pepper sample, then calculating a weight coefficient of each wavelength point on the spectrum data of the pepper sample according to a second-order derivation spectrogram of the pepper sample, calculating a spectrum mean value according to the weight coefficient and the light intensity value of each wavelength point of the spectrum data of the pepper sample, then calculating a corresponding relation between the spectrum mean value and the reflectivity of the pepper sample, finally calculating the reflectivity of the sample according to the spectrum mean values of different pepper samples, and further judging the quality difference of the pepper sample.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, the method for quickly determining the quality of zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the near infrared spectrum in the embodiment includes the following implementation steps:
s1, collecting spectrum data of the pepper sample and performing second-order derivation;
in the step, the wavelength-sharing portable near infrared spectrometer is adopted to collect the spectrum data of the pepper samples, the spectrum data of the samples can be collected to the maximum degree, the portable near infrared spectrometer with the wavelength range of 1350-1850 nm and the resolution of 10nm is selected to collect data according to the actual pepper samples to be detected, the light intensity points contained in each spectrum data can be calculated to be N ═ 1+ (1850) 1350)/10 ═ 51, the wavelength ranges corresponding to the 1 st-51 th wavelength points are (1350nm, 1360nm and … … 1850nm), and the spectrum data of each pepper sample is actually expressed as an aggregation matrix of the light intensity values on the 51 wavelength points.
And performing second-order derivation on the spectrum data of the pepper sample, wherein the derivation mode is Savitzky-Golay derivation, the half window width is set to be 5, the highest order of the polynomial is set to be 5, and the derivation order is set to be 2.
S2, calculating contribution weight coefficients of all wavelength points in the prickly ash spectrum data according to the second-order derivative spectrogram of the prickly ash sample;
in the zanthoxylum bungeanum spectral data, the contribution degree of the light intensity value on each wavelength point to the sample characteristics is different, namely the contribution weight is different, the difference value of the maximum value of the second derivative and the minimum value of the second derivative is selected as a reference value through a second derivative spectrogram, the ratio operation is carried out on the second derivative value of each wavelength point, and the ratio is the contribution weight coefficient of each wavelength point.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the maximum value of the second derivative is at a point a of the second-order spectrogram, the corresponding wavelength range is 1380nm, the corresponding second derivative value is 20759, the minimum value of the second derivative is at a point C of the second-order spectrogram, the corresponding wavelength range is 1630nm, the corresponding second derivative value is-7543, and the weight reference value X may be further calculated as:
X＝20759-(-7543)＝28302
performing ratio operation on the second derivative value of each wavelength point, wherein the ratio is the contribution weight coefficient of each wavelength point, and the corresponding contribution weight coefficient T is shown as the point C with the wavelength range of 1420nmcComprises the following steps:
Tc＝12250/X＝12250/28302＝0.4328
namely, the light intensity point with the wave band range of 1420nm contributes 43.28% to the spectrum data of the pepper sample.
Similarly, the contribution weight coefficient (alpha) of each wavelength range light intensity value point to the spectrum data of the pepper sample can be further calculated1，α2……，α51) I.e. the contribution weight coefficient of the light intensity value point in the waveband range of 1350nm is alpha1The contribution weight coefficient of the light intensity value point in the wave band range 1360nm is alpha2。
S3, calculating a spectrum mean value according to the contribution weight coefficient and the light intensity value of each wavelength point in the spectrum data of the pepper sample;
in the step, the product operation is carried out on the light intensity value of each wavelength point of the spectrum data of the pepper sample and the corresponding contribution weight coefficient to obtain the specific contribution value of each wavelength point, and the average value calculation is carried out on all the contribution values to obtain the spectrum average value.
In this example, the spectral data of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample is set to (P)1，P2……，P51) I.e. the light intensity value corresponding to the wavelength band of 1350nm is P1The light intensity value corresponding to the wavelength range 1360nm is P2Combining the weight coefficient of each wavelength point of the spectrum data of the pepper sample to obtain the specific contribution value (alpha) of each wavelength point1*P1，α2*P2……，α2*P51) Further, the mean value P of the spectrum can be obtainedaveComprises the following steps:
Pave＝(α1*P1+α2*P2……+α2*P51)/51
s4, calculating the reflectivity of the sample according to the corresponding relation between the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample and the reflectivity thereof and the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample;
the portable near-infrared light source emits near-infrared light which is attenuated by the near-infrared light cavity and then reaches the surface of an object to be detected to be converged into a sampling light spot, the sampling light spot is subjected to light reflection by the object to be detected and reaches the spectrum sensor through the attenuation of the light cavity, and the spectrum sensor receives reflected light intensity information to generate a corresponding spectrum data value. And the corresponding relation between the average spectrum value and the reflectivity of the pepper sample can be calculated by combining the illumination intensity of near-infrared illumination, the attenuation rate of the optical cavity and the illumination value received by the spectrum sensor.
In this embodiment, the reflectivity of the zanthoxylum sample is set to be β, the optical cavity attenuation rate of the portable near-infrared spectrometer is set to be γ, the illumination value emitted by the portable near-infrared light source is set to be K, and the following results can be obtained according to the working principle of the portable near-infrared spectrometer:
the relationship between the illumination K of the portable near infrared spectrum and the illumination Z received by the sensor is as follows:
Z＝K*(1-γ)*β*(1-γ)
the optical cavity attenuation rate of the same portable near-infrared spectrometer is a fixed value, the illumination intensity of the same portable near-infrared spectrometer is also a fixed value, the above formula shows that the illumination intensity value received by the sensor is only related to the reflectivity of an object to be measured and is in a linear positive correlation, meanwhile, the working principle of the portable near-infrared spectrometer shows that the illumination intensity value received by the sensor is converted into spectrum data through analog-to-digital conversion, namely the illumination intensity value received by the sensor is also in a linear positive correlation with the spectrum mean value, so that the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample is also in a linear positive correlation with the reflectivity thereof.
S5, judging the quality of the pepper sample according to the reflectivity of the pepper sample;
the absorption degree of the pepper samples with different qualities to the near infrared light is different, so that the better the pepper sample has the stronger absorption to the near infrared light, namely the smaller the average value of the spectrums of the pepper samples collected by the same portable near infrared spectrometer is, the smaller the reflectivity of the pepper sample is, namely the stronger the absorption to the near infrared light of the pepper sample is, and the better the quality of the pepper sample is further judged.
Therefore, the reflectivity threshold values corresponding to different quality grades of the pepper sample can be set, and the reflectivity of the pepper sample is compared with the reflectivity threshold values corresponding to different qualities, so that the quality grade of the pepper sample is determined.
As a simplified implementation, for example: quality of fructus Zanthoxyli sampleThe grade is divided into two levels: namely, the superior grade and the secondary grade, only one reflectivity threshold can be set, the reflectivity threshold is assumed to be delta, namely, the reflectivity of the pepper sample is greater than delta and is the secondary grade, the reflectivity is less than delta and is the superior grade, and the spectrum mean value corresponding to the reflectivity threshold delta is PδIf the average value of the spectrum acquired by the portable near infrared spectrum device is set to be P for different pepper samplesεThen, the reflectivity epsilon of the pepper sample can be calculated as:
ε＝δPε/Pδ
and comparing the reflectivity epsilon of the pepper sample with a threshold delta, and further judging the quality difference of the pepper sample.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various changes, substitutions and alterations herein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly judging the quality of Chinese prickly ash based on near infrared spectrum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting spectrum data of the pepper sample and performing second-order derivation;
s2, calculating contribution weight coefficients of all wavelength points in the prickly ash spectrum data according to the second-order derivative spectrogram of the prickly ash sample;
s3, calculating a spectrum mean value according to the contribution weight coefficient and the light intensity value of each wavelength point in the spectrum data of the pepper sample;
s4, calculating the reflectivity of the sample according to the corresponding relation between the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample and the reflectivity thereof and the spectrum mean value of the pepper sample;
and S5, judging the quality of the pepper sample according to the reflectivity of the pepper sample.
2. The method for rapidly discriminating the quality of zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the near infrared spectrum as claimed in claim 1,
in step S1, a wavelength-averaging portable near infrared spectrometer is used to collect the spectral data of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample, the wavelength range is 1350nm to 1850nm, the resolution is 10nm, the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample contains 51 wavelength points, and the actual spectral data of each zanthoxylum bungeanum sample is represented as a matrix set of light intensity values at 51 wavelength points.
3. The method for rapidly discriminating the quality of zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the near infrared spectrum as claimed in claim 1,
in step S1, the second derivation method for the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample spectral data is as follows: the Savitzky-Golay derivation is used, the half window width is set to 5, the polynomial maximum order is set to 5, and the derivation order is set to 2.
4. The method for rapidly discriminating the quality of zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the near infrared spectrum as claimed in claim 1,
in step S2, calculating the weight coefficient of each wavelength point in the zanthoxylum bungeanum spectral data according to the second-order derivative spectrogram of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample, specifically comprising:
and selecting the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the second derivative as a reference value through a second derivative spectrogram, and performing ratio operation on the second derivative value of each wavelength point, wherein the ratio is the contribution weight coefficient of each wavelength point.
5. The method for rapidly discriminating the quality of zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the near infrared spectrum as claimed in claim 1,
in step S3, calculating a spectrum mean value according to the contribution weight coefficient and the light intensity value of each wavelength point in the spectrum data of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample, specifically including:
and (3) performing product operation on the light intensity value of each wavelength point of the spectrum data of the pepper sample and the corresponding contribution weight coefficient to obtain the specific contribution value of each wavelength point, and performing mean calculation on all the contribution values to obtain a spectrum mean value.
6. The method for rapidly discriminating the quality of zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the near infrared spectrum as claimed in claim 1,
in step S4, the correspondence between the average spectrum value of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample and the reflectivity thereof is as follows: the average value of the spectrum of the pepper sample is in linear positive correlation with the reflectivity thereof; and the corresponding relation between the average spectrum value and the reflectivity of the pepper sample can be calculated by combining the illumination intensity of the near-infrared illumination, the attenuation rate of the optical cavity and the illumination value received by the spectrum sensor.
7. The method for rapidly judging the quality of the zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the near infrared spectrum as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step S5, the judging the quality of the zanthoxylum bungeanum based on the reflectivity of the zanthoxylum bungeanum sample specifically comprises the following steps:
setting reflectivity threshold values corresponding to different quality grades of the pepper sample, and comparing the reflectivity of the pepper sample with the reflectivity threshold values corresponding to different qualities, thereby determining the quality grade of the pepper sample.
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