CN114295465A - Modal test preload applying device, modal test system and preload applying method - Google Patents
Modal test preload applying device, modal test system and preload applying method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a modal test preload applying device, a modal test system and a preload applying method, wherein the modal test preload applying device comprises a preload applying unit, a preload feedback unit and a preload control unit, wherein the preload applying unit is used for applying preload to a test piece; the preload feedback unit is used for acquiring the preload application time and the normal displacement of the test piece; the preload control unit is used for calculating a preload value according to time and a normal displacement and comparing the preload value with a preset preload value, and controlling the preload applying unit to reduce the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is larger than the preset preload value and controlling the preload applying unit to increase the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is smaller than the preset preload value. By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the technical problems that the preloading can not be self-adaptively and accurately adjusted and stable and complete modal parameters can not be obtained in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of modal tests, in particular to a modal test preload applying device, a modal test system and a preload applying method.
Background
In recent years, aircrafts flying for a long time in the atmosphere and adjacent space are gradually researched, and in order to keep high lift-drag ratio and good stability control capability, the aircrafts are all designed with control surfaces. Due to the requirements of high performance, light weight, structural functionalization and the like, composite material rods and honeycomb sandwich structures are widely applied to aerospace engineering, particularly to airfoil structures and control surface structures, and the materials have low rigidity and high flexibility, so that the deformation of the members made of the materials needs to be considered, and the deformation of other members of the spacecraft does not need to be considered, so that the spacecraft system becomes a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic system formed by connecting rigid bodies and flexible bodies. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of structural rigidity enhancement, a large number of truss structures are applied to the design of the spacecraft, which causes the distribution of the natural frequency of the spacecraft to become more complex.
The accurate acquisition of the modal parameters of the structure is an important link in the aircraft development process, and the modal test is a main means for acquiring the modal parameters of the nonlinear structure. The spacecraft comprises a large number of structures with weak self rigidity and small mass, and is a nonlinear structure, and how to accurately acquire modal parameters of the nonlinear structure is always a difficult problem. The composite material control surface structure is just the structure, the modal frequency of the composite material control surface structure is related to the elastic modulus of the control surface structure and the internal thermal stress, the elastic modulus of the control surface structure material is reduced at high temperature due to the fact that the control surface is subjected to pneumatic heating in the atmosphere for a long time, the thermal stress is generated by the temperature gradient in the control surface, the modal characteristics of the control surface are affected, and therefore the aerodynamic elasticity and the pneumatic servo elasticity characteristics of the aircraft are affected. The structure has strong nonlinear characteristics, and complete and stable modal parameters cannot be obtained when a modal test is carried out on the nonlinear structure, so that the influence of the nonlinear factor of the structure on the dynamic characteristics of the nonlinear structure is overcome during the modal test to obtain accurate modal characteristic parameters. At present, the traditional method for overcoming the structural nonlinear factor mainly realizes pretightening force loading through a flexible tool, and further overcomes the structural nonlinear characteristic. However, for such flexible structures, the pre-tightening force loading tool will affect the stiffness characteristics of the structure itself, thereby causing a large error in the test result.
In addition, the modal frequency of the control surface is also greatly influenced by the support rigidity of the root, and during the flight process of the aircraft, the control surface is not a free-free boundary condition or a clamped boundary condition, but is connected to the aircraft on the free boundary through the support of a mechanism such as a bearing and the like, and the aircraft provides support rigidity for the control surface. In the past, modal research of wing rudder structures is carried out, the self frequency of wing surfaces and control surfaces is mainly concerned, and the influence of supporting parts on modal frequency is researched less.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a modal test preload applying device, a modal test system and a preload applying method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a modal test preload application apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the preload applying unit is used for applying preload to the test piece;
the preload feedback unit is used for acquiring the preload application time and the normal displacement of the test piece;
and the preload control unit is used for calculating a preload value according to time and normal displacement and comparing the preload value with the preset preload value, controlling the preload applying unit to reduce the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is larger than the preset preload value, and controlling the preload applying unit to increase the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is smaller than the preset preload value.
Further, the preload application unit includes a first magnet disposed on the test piece, a second magnet, and a magnetic force control portion, and controls the magnitude of the magnetic force between the first magnet and the second magnet through the magnetic force control portion to control the magnitude of the preload applied to the test piece.
Further, the first magnet and the second magnet are eddy current panels, the magnetic force control portion is an eddy current generator, the eddy current generator is connected with the eddy current panels and used for providing current for the eddy current panels, and the preloading control unit controls the magnetic force between the eddy current panels by controlling the current provided by the eddy current generator.
Furthermore, the preload feedback unit comprises an acceleration sensor and a data acquisition instrument, the acceleration sensor is arranged on the test piece to monitor the normal movement speed of the test piece, and the data acquisition instrument is used for calculating the normal displacement of the test piece according to the normal movement speed.
Further, the acceleration sensor comprises a laser vibration meter and a reflective membrane, the reflective membrane is arranged on the test piece, and the laser vibration meter is matched with the reflective membrane to obtain the normal motion speed of the test piece.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a modal testing system comprising the modal testing preload applying apparatus set forth above in accordance with the present invention.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a preload application method including:
applying a preload to the test piece by a preload application unit;
acquiring the preload application time and the normal displacement of the test piece by using a preload feedback unit;
and calculating a preload value according to the time and the normal displacement by the preload control unit, comparing the preload value with a preset preload value, controlling the preload applying unit to reduce the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is larger than the preset preload value, and controlling the preload applying unit to increase the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is smaller than the preset preload value.
Further, the preload application unit includes a first magnet disposed on the test piece, a second magnet, and a magnetic force control portion, and controls the magnitude of the magnetic force between the first magnet and the second magnet through the magnetic force control portion to control the magnitude of the preload applied to the test piece.
Further, preload feedback unit includes acceleration sensor and data acquisition appearance, and acceleration sensor sets up on the testpieces, and the normal displacement that utilizes preload feedback unit to obtain the testpieces includes:
monitoring the normal motion speed of the test piece by using an acceleration sensor;
and solving the normal displacement of the test piece according to the normal movement speed by using a data acquisition instrument.
Further, the preload value is calculated from the time and normal displacement by the following equation:
in the above formula, F represents the preload value, K represents the stiffness of the whole of the first magnet and the second magnet, C represents the damping of the whole of the first magnet and the second magnet, s (t) represents the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t, and s (t) represents the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t0(t) represents the static deformation of the test piece under the self static weight,
represents the differential of the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t,
the differential of the static deformation of the test piece under its own static weight is shown.
The device applies preload to a test piece through a preload applying unit, acquires preload applying time and normal displacement of the test piece by using a preload feedback unit, calculates a preload value according to the time and the normal displacement through a preload control unit, and controls the preload applying unit to adjust the preload value when the preload value is not equal to a preset preload value, so that the preload is accurately adjusted in real time, self-adaptive loading of the preload can be realized, linearization processing is performed on a nonlinear test piece, and stable and reliable modal parameters are obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of a modal test preload application apparatus provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a functional block diagram of a preload application of a modal test preload application apparatus provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a preload applying unit; 11. a first magnet; 12. a second magnet; 13. a magnetic force control unit; 20. a test piece; 21. a control surface body; 22. a rudder shaft; 23. mounting a support; 30. a preload feedback unit; 31. an acceleration sensor; 32. a data acquisition instrument; 40. the control unit is preloaded.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
As shown in fig. 1, a modal test preload applying apparatus is provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus includes a preload applying unit 10, a preload feedback unit 30 and a preload control unit 40, the preload applying unit 10 is used for applying preload to a test piece 20; the preload feedback unit 30 is used to acquire the time of preload application and the normal displacement of the test piece 20; the preload control unit 40 is used for calculating a preload value according to time and normal displacement and comparing the preload value with a preset preload value, and controlling the preload applying unit 10 to reduce the preload applied to the test piece 20 when the preload value is larger than the preset preload value, and controlling the preload applying unit 10 to increase the preload applied to the test piece 20 when the preload value is smaller than the preset preload value.
In the present invention, the test piece 20 may be an airfoil or a control surface, the material of which may be a composite material, a metal material, or the like, and the control surface includes a control surface body 21, a control shaft 22, and a mounting support 23, and it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the test piece 20 may also be any structure with flexibility and small mass, especially a plate structure. The normal displacement refers to a displacement perpendicular to the surface direction of the test piece, and taking the control surface as an example, during the mode test, one end of the test piece 20 is fixedly installed on the cabin section or the fixed tool, and the other end is in a free state and moves towards the direction perpendicular to the surface of the control surface under the action of preload. The preset preload value may be a fixed value or a range, and is determined according to actual needs. In practical applications, preload control unit 40 is typically an industrial personal computer, and monitors and processes the whole test process.
By applying the configuration mode, the device applies preload to the test piece through the preload applying unit 10, the preload applying time and the normal displacement of the test piece 20 are acquired through the preload feedback unit 30, the preload value is calculated through the preload control unit 40 according to the time and the normal displacement, and the preload applying unit 10 is controlled to adjust the preload when the preload value is not equal to the preset preload value, so that the preload is accurately adjusted in real time, the self-adaptive loading of the preload can be realized, the nonlinear test piece is subjected to linearization processing, and stable and reliable modal parameters are obtained. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention can solve the technical problems that the preloading can not be self-adaptively and accurately adjusted and stable and complete modal parameters can not be obtained in the prior art.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the test piece 20 is a composite material, the preload application unit 10 includes a first magnet 11, a second magnet 12 and a magnetic force control portion 13, referring to fig. 1, the first magnet 11 is disposed on the test piece 20, and the preload control unit 40 controls the magnitude of the magnetic force between the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 through the magnetic force control portion 13 to control the magnitude of the preload applied on the test piece 20.
The first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 may be soft magnets or permanent magnets, and the magnetic force control unit may adjust the magnetic force in various ways, for example, the magnetic force between the two magnets may be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the second magnet 12 and the first magnet 11, and for example, the magnetic force between the two magnets may be adjusted by providing a blocking member between the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12, and when the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 are electromagnets, the magnetic force between the two magnets may be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the current. Through the configuration mode, controllable magnetic force is utilized to simulate pneumatic load, the pretightening force loading mechanism can be prevented from being in direct contact with the structural surface of the test piece 20, so that flexible preload is provided for the test piece 20 in a non-contact mode, online adjustment of preload is realized while system rigidity and quality are not increased, the influence of a preload applying device on the rigidity characteristic of the test piece 20 is avoided, the error of modal test is greatly reduced, and the preload size and range can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode, so that stable and accurate modal parameters are obtained.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the material of the test piece 20 is metal, the preload application unit 10 includes a second magnet 12 and a magnetic force control portion 13, and the preload control unit 40 controls the magnitude of the magnetic force between the second magnet 12 and the test piece 20 through the magnetic force control portion 13 to control the magnitude of the preload applied to the test piece 20. For the way of adjusting the magnetic force between the test piece 20 and the second magnet 12 by the magnetic control portion 13, please refer to the way of adjusting the magnetic force between the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 by the magnetic control portion 13, which is not described herein again. Through the configuration mode, the test piece 20 serves as a magnet and is matched with the second magnet 12, the situation that the first magnet 11 is arranged on the test piece 20 is further avoided, the pretightening force loading mechanism can be prevented from being in direct contact with the structural surface of the test piece 20, so that flexible preload is provided for the test piece 20 in a non-contact mode, online adjustment of preload is achieved while the rigidity and the quality of a system are not increased, the influence of a preload applying device on the rigidity characteristic of the test piece 20 is avoided, the error of modal test is greatly reduced, and stable and accurate modal parameters are obtained.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 are both eddy current panels, the magnetic force control portion 13 is an eddy current generator, the eddy current generator is connected to the eddy current panels and is configured to provide current to the eddy current panels, and the preload control unit 40 controls the magnitude of the magnetic force between the eddy current panels by controlling the magnitude of the current provided by the eddy current generator. The thickness of the eddy current panels is only a few tenths of millimeters, the influence on the self quality and rigidity of the test piece 20 can be ignored, the two eddy current panels generate a magnetic field after being electrified, the magnetic field intensity changes along with the current, the current is adjusted by adjusting relevant parameters of the eddy current generator, and then the magnetic force between the eddy current panels is adjusted. By the configuration mode, controllable, accurate and self-adaptive loading of the force load can be tested, the response speed of the control instruction of the preloading control unit 40 and the control precision of the magnetic force are ensured, and the stability of the modal test is further ensured so as to obtain complete, stable and reliable modal parameters.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the preload feedback unit 30 includes an acceleration sensor 31 and a data collector 32, the acceleration sensor 31 is disposed on the test piece 20 to monitor the normal movement velocity of the test piece 20, and the data collector 32 is used to calculate the normal displacement of the test piece 20 according to the normal movement velocity. The data acquisition instrument 32 has data resolving software therein, by which the normal displacement is resolved from the normal movement velocity. By this arrangement, the normal displacement of the test piece 20 can be accurately obtained, and thus the actual magnitude of the preload can be accurately obtained. The preload application and control principle of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 and will not be described herein.
Further, as an embodiment of the present invention, the acceleration sensor 31 includes a laser vibration meter and a reflective film, the reflective film is disposed on the test piece 20, and the laser vibration meter is matched with the reflective film to obtain the normal movement speed of the test piece 20. During the modal test, the reflective film is adhered to the surface of the test piece 20, and the laser vibration meter is arranged beside the test piece 20 and used for testing the normal motion speed of the test piece 20. This simple structure, the quality of reflective membrane can be ignored, has avoided the influence to test 20 self rigidity and quality, has reduced experimental error.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a modal testing system comprising the modal testing preload applying apparatus set forth above in accordance with the present invention.
By applying the configuration mode, the modal test system comprises the modal test preloading applying device, and the modal test preloading applying device can accurately adjust the preload in real time, can realize the self-adaptive loading of the preload, so as to carry out linearization processing on a nonlinear test piece and obtain stable and reliable modal parameters. Therefore, by applying the modal test preload applying device to the modal test system, the test performance of the modal test system can be greatly improved.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a preload application method including:
applying a preload to the test piece by a preload application unit;
acquiring the preload application time and the normal displacement of the test piece by using a preload feedback unit;
and calculating a preload value according to the time and the normal displacement by the preload control unit, comparing the preload value with a preset preload value, controlling the preload applying unit to reduce the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is larger than the preset preload value, and controlling the preload applying unit to increase the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is smaller than the preset preload value.
The method comprises the steps of applying preload to a test piece through a preload applying unit, obtaining preload applying time and normal displacement of the test piece through a preload feedback unit, calculating a preload value according to the time and the normal displacement through a preload control unit, and controlling the preload applying unit to adjust the preload when the preload value is not equal to a preset preload value, so that the preload is accurately adjusted in real time, self-adaptive loading of the preload can be realized, linearization processing is performed on a nonlinear test piece, and stable and reliable modal parameters are obtained.
In order to avoid the influence of the preload application unit on the self mass and the rigidity of the control surface, as a specific embodiment of the invention, the preload application unit comprises a first magnet, a second magnet and a magnetic control part, the first magnet is arranged on the test piece, and the preload control unit controls the magnetic force between the first magnet and the second magnet through the magnetic control part so as to control the preload applied on the test piece. By the mode, the test precision can be obviously improved.
Further, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preload feedback unit includes an acceleration sensor and a data acquisition instrument, the acceleration sensor is disposed on the test piece, and the obtaining of the normal displacement of the test piece by the preload feedback unit includes:
monitoring the normal motion speed of the test piece by using an acceleration sensor;
and solving the normal displacement of the test piece according to the normal movement speed by using a data acquisition instrument.
By the method, the normal displacement of the test piece can be accurately acquired, so that the actual size of the preload can be accurately acquired, and the preload adjusting precision is improved.
Specifically, the preload value is calculated from the time and normal displacement by the following equation:
in the above formula, F represents the preload value, K represents the stiffness of the whole of the first magnet and the second magnet, C represents the damping of the whole of the first magnet and the second magnet, s (t) represents the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t, and s (t) represents the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t0(t) represents the static deformation of the test piece under the self static weight,
represents the differential of the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t,
the differential of the static deformation of the test piece under its own static weight is shown. Where K and C are constants that can be determined experimentally as known amounts.
In summary, the invention provides a modal test preload applying device, a modal test system and a preload applying method, the device applies preload to a test piece through a preload applying unit, a preload feedback unit is used for acquiring preload applying time and normal displacement of the test piece, a preload control unit is used for calculating a preload value according to the time and the normal displacement, and the preload applying unit is controlled to adjust the preload value when the preload value is not equal to a preset preload value, so that the preload is accurately adjusted in real time, self-adaptive loading of the preload can be realized, linearization processing is performed on a nonlinear test piece, and stable and reliable modal parameters are obtained. Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention can solve the technical problems that the preloading can not be self-adaptively and accurately adjusted and stable and complete modal parameters can not be obtained in the prior art.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A modal test preload application apparatus, said apparatus comprising:
a preload application unit (10), the preload application unit (10) being configured to apply a preload to a test piece (20);
a preload feedback unit (30), the preload feedback unit (30) for acquiring the time of preload application and the normal displacement of the test piece (20);
a preload control unit (40), the preload control unit (40) being configured to calculate a value of the preload from the time and the normal displacement and to compare the value of the preload with a preset preload value, and to control the preload application unit (10) to reduce the preload applied to the test piece (20) when the value of the preload is greater than the preset preload value, and to control the preload application unit (10) to increase the preload applied to the test piece (20) when the value of the preload is less than the preset preload value.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the preload application unit (10) comprises a first magnet (11), a second magnet (12) and a magnetic force control portion (13), the first magnet (11) being disposed on the test piece (20), the preload control unit (40) controlling the magnitude of the magnetic force between the first magnet (11) and the second magnet (12) through the magnetic force control portion (13) to control the magnitude of the preload applied on the test piece (20).
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first magnet (11) and the second magnet (12) are eddy current panels, the magnetic force control part (13) is an eddy current generator connected with the eddy current panels for providing electric current to the eddy current panels, and the preload control unit (40) controls the magnitude of the magnetic force between the eddy current panels by controlling the magnitude of the electric current provided by the eddy current generator.
4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the preload feedback unit (30) comprises an acceleration sensor (31) and a data acquisition instrument (32), the acceleration sensor (31) being arranged on the test piece (20) to monitor the normal movement velocity of the test piece (20), the data acquisition instrument (32) being configured to calculate the normal displacement of the test piece (20) from the normal movement velocity.
5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the acceleration sensor (31) comprises a laser vibration meter and a reflective film, the reflective film is arranged on the test piece (20), and the laser vibration meter is matched with the reflective film to obtain the normal movement speed of the test piece (20).
6. A modal testing system, wherein the modal testing system comprises the modal testing preload application apparatus as defined in any of claims 1 to 5.
7. A preload application method, characterized in that the method comprises:
applying a preload to the test piece by a preload application unit;
acquiring the preload application time and the normal displacement of the test piece by utilizing a preload feedback unit;
calculating the preload value according to the time and the normal displacement by a preload control unit, comparing the preload value with a preset preload value, controlling the preload applying unit to reduce the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is larger than the preset preload value, and controlling the preload applying unit to increase the preload applied to the test piece when the preload value is smaller than the preset preload value.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the preload application unit comprises a first magnet disposed on the test piece, a second magnet, and a magnetic force control portion, the preload control unit controlling the magnitude of the magnetic force between the first magnet and the second magnet through the magnetic force control portion to control the magnitude of the preload applied on the test piece.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the preload feedback unit comprises an acceleration sensor and a data acquisition instrument, the acceleration sensor being disposed on the test piece, and wherein acquiring the normal displacement of the test piece using the preload feedback unit comprises:
monitoring the normal movement speed of the test piece by using the acceleration sensor;
and solving the normal displacement of the test piece according to the normal movement speed by using the data acquisition instrument.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the preload value is calculated from the time and the normal displacement by:
in the above formula, F represents the value of the preload, K represents the stiffness of the whole of the first magnet and the second magnet, C represents the damping of the whole of the first magnet and the second magnet, s (t) represents the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t, and s (t) represents the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t0(t) represents the static deformation of the test piece under the static weight of the test piece,
represents the differential of the normal displacement of the test piece at any instant t,
representing the static deformation of the test piece under its own static weightAnd (6) differentiating.
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