CN114294364A - Three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness structure and a preparation method thereof, which are applied to the field of metamaterials and relate to a dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorption structure and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems that the conventional negative stiffness structure is mainly a two-dimensional negative stiffness structure, the application range is narrow, and the energy absorption effect needs to be improved, the dome structure is designed based on a Bezier curve, the structure has negative stiffness characteristics, and meanwhile, the monostable and multistable adjustability of the structure can be realized, the energy absorption capacity of the structure is improved, and the actual application range of the negative stiffness structure is expanded, and the invention mainly adopts a 3D printing technology: the preparation of the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative-stiffness energy-absorbing structure is completed by using a three-dimensional photocuring molding (SLA), a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a casting process and the like, and the application of the metamaterial in the aspect of energy absorption is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dome-shaped negative stiffness structure design and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a dome-shaped structure design based on a Bezier curve and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A metamaterial is a composite material having an artificially designed structure and exhibiting special properties not possessed by natural materials. The discovery of the material becomes a new direction of scientific research, which not only brings new industry but also has great influence on a plurality of fields such as national defense, aviation, electronics and the like. The necessary properties of a mechanical metamaterial derive from the geometrical characteristics of the construction and not from the constituent components of the material. The mechanical metamaterial has strong advantages in energy absorption due to the unique structure.
The negative stiffness metamaterial is a branch of a mechanical metamaterial, generally, the external force applied to increase the deformation degree of the material is also increased, and the condition is called as positive stiffness; the degree of deformation of the material increases but the applied external force decreases, which we call negative stiffness. The most remarkable characteristic of the negative-stiffness structure is the recoverability of the negative-stiffness structure, the energy absorption performance of the structure can be improved, the material cost can be reduced by recycling, and the structural material is promoted to develop towards a sustainable direction.
The concept of negative stiffness is derived from the research of micro-electro-mechanical systems, a bending shaft is adopted to replace a bending shaft which cannot be used as a structural unit, and the negative stiffness can be realized due to the jumping deformation characteristic of the bending shaft. Most of the existing negative stiffness structural materials are two-dimensional structures, and under certain specific requirements, the two-dimensional negative stiffness materials cannot exert the advantages of the two-dimensional negative stiffness materials, and the energy absorption performance of the two-dimensional negative stiffness materials is lower than that of the three-dimensional structures.
The negative-stiffness structural material has wide practical application prospects in protective appliances and damping equipment by virtue of excellent reusability. In the field of aerospace, particularly under high-speed impact, the negative-stiffness metamaterial can play a good role in buffering and energy absorption, and an internal effective load is protected from being damaged.
The patent of the invention of publication No. CN 110792710B, published 2020.02.14, "a composite negative-stiffness energy-absorbing honeycomb structure and a preparation method thereof" discloses a composite negative-stiffness energy-absorbing honeycomb structure which is composed of a soft material and a hard material, four embedded sheets are embedded and locked together to form a structure shaped like a Chinese character 'jing', and each embedded sheet is surrounded by a hard material body, a T-shaped connecting platform and an upper curved beam. Although it has good deformability and does not release internal stress energy after deformation, its two-dimensional structure limits its application to circular or circular shapes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problem that the application of the two-dimensional negative-stiffness metamaterial in the three-dimensional field is limited due to the plane configuration of the two-dimensional negative-stiffness metamaterial, and the array mode of the two-dimensional negative-stiffness metamaterial is not convenient for forming a plate structure.
The dome-shaped negative stiffness structural material based on the Bezier curve not only shows excellent negative stiffness characteristics, but also has the characteristic of multiple stable states. The energy absorption structure can be a single unit and can also be formed into a plate material through array arrangement, and the energy absorption structure has a wide application prospect in the aspect of buffering and energy absorption.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, in one aspect, a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness structure comprising a plurality of synthetic units, the synthetic units comprising a soft dome structure, a connecting frame and a base; a concave table and an exhaust hole are reserved on the connecting frame, and the concave table is used for placing a dome structure; the dome structure comprises an annular support, a curved dome and a connecting column, wherein a through hole is formed in the center of the connecting column, the cylindrical structure on the base is inserted into a center hole of the dome structure, and the cylindrical structure and the central hole are coaxial; the lower surface of the base is superposed with the upper surface of the dome structure, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the adjacent base are connected; the lower surface of the annular support of the dome structure is superposed with the upper surface of the concave platform; the axis of the dome coincides with the axis of the shelf recess.
Preferably, the curved dome side of the dome structure is deformed by an arc.
Preferably, the curved dome side curve of the dome structure is made based on a bezier curve.
Preferably, the diameter of the ring support of the dome structure is 14.5mm, the thickness of the curved dome part is 2mm, and the total height of the dome structure is 12 mm.
According to a preferable technical scheme, the dome structure is made of silica gel and is finished by adopting a casting process. The dome structure can be made of engineering plastics such as PA and the like by adopting a three-dimensional photocuring forming process.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the concave platform of the connecting frame is 14.5mm, the inner diameter of the concave platform is 12mm, and the depth of the concave platform is 2 mm.
Preferably, the connecting frame is provided with a vent hole on the cylindrical side surface for exhausting the internal gas when the dome structure is compressed.
Preferably, the connecting frame and the base are made of nylon or resin and are manufactured by adopting a fused deposition molding technology.
Preferably, the annular support of the dome structure and the concave stage of the connection frame are connected by means of glue bonding.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative-stiffness energy-absorbing structure, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the base and the connecting frame are made of nylon or resin materials and are integrally processed by a 3D printing technology;
step two: the dome structure is processed and formed by engineering plastics such as silica gel or PA through a casting process or an additive manufacturing technology;
step three: a connecting column of the dome structure is provided with a through hole; embedding the cylinder on the base into the through hole of the connecting column of the dome structure; the connecting frame is provided with a concave platform and an exhaust hole;
step four: and (3) placing the annular support with the dome structure into a concave table of the connecting frame, simultaneously adopting special glue for bonding to connect the annular support with the concave table, and finally splicing the plurality of synthesis units.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the energy absorption of the unit mass of the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative-stiffness structure can reach 13.3mJ/g, and the energy absorption performance is obviously improved. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness structure has a more obvious negative stiffness effect, has monostable and multistable effects, and improves the energy absorption rate per unit mass. Compared with a two-dimensional structure, the three-dimensional structure expands the application range and better meets the energy absorption requirements of certain circular rings and even spherical surfaces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy-absorbing structure model according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a single unit and partial schematic view of a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a dimensional diagram of a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structural dome structure;
FIG. 4 is a finite element simulation process of the compression deformation of the dome structure of the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure;
FIG. 5 is a process of a compression deformation experiment of a dome structure of a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative-stiffness energy-absorbing structure;
FIG. 6 is a force-displacement curve of the present dome and a conventional dome;
FIG. 7 is a force-displacement curve of a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy-absorbing structure made of different materials; wherein A is a dome structure made of a silica gel material; b is a dome structure made of nylon material;
FIG. 8 is a force-displacement curve and a cycle test curve of the assembled three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy-absorbing structure;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative-stiffness energy-absorbing structure of the present embodiment is composed of 8 units 1. Each cell 1 mainly comprises three parts: a soft dome structure 4, a connecting frame 2 and a base 3;
a concave table 5 and an exhaust hole 6 are reserved on the connecting frame 2, the concave table 5 is used for placing the dome structures 4, and each dome structure 4 is composed of an annular support 9, a curved dome 8 and a connecting column 7; the center of the connecting column 7 is provided with a through hole, the cylindrical structure on the base 3 is inserted into the center hole of the dome structure 4, and the two are coaxial. The lower surface of the base 3 coincides with the upper surface of the dome 4 and the adjacent upper and lower surfaces of the base 3 are connected. The lower surface of the annular support 9 of the dome 4 coincides with the upper surface of the concave table 5; the axis of the dome 4 coincides with the axis of the concave 5 of the connecting frame 3;
the second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the dome 4 is curved with the dome 8 being curved and deformed. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the curved dome 8 side curve of the dome structure 4 is based on a bezier curve. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the annular support 9 of the dome 4 has a diameter of 14.5mm, a curved dome portion thickness of 2mm and a total dome height of 12 mm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the dome structure 4 is made of silica gel and is finished by adopting a casting process. The dome structure 4 of the present embodiment may be made of engineering plastics such as PA, and is formed by using a three-dimensional light-curing molding process. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the outer diameter of the concave table 5 of the connecting frame 2 is 14.5mm, the inner diameter of the concave table 5 is 12mm, and the depth of the concave table 5 is 2 mm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the cylindrical side surface of the connecting frame 2 is provided with an exhaust hole 6, so that internal gas is easy to exhaust when the dome structure 4 is compressed, and the influence of the internal gas pressure on the structure is reduced. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the connecting frame 2 and the base 3 are made of nylon or resin and are manufactured by adopting a fused deposition molding technology. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the annular support 9 of the dome 4 and the recess 5 of the connecting frame 2 are connected by means of glue bonding. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the embodiment provides a preparation method of a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative-stiffness energy-absorbing structure, which mainly comprises the following steps:
the base 3 and the connecting frame 2 are made of nylon or resin materials and are integrally processed by a 3D printing technology;
the dome structure 4 is processed and formed by engineering plastics such as silica gel or PA through a casting process or an additive manufacturing technology; a through hole is arranged on the connecting column 7 of the dome structure 4; the cylinder on the base 3 is inserted into the through hole of the connection post 7 of the dome 4. The connection frame 2 is provided with a concave table 5 and an exhaust hole 6.
The annular support 9 of the dome 4 is placed in the recess 5 of the connecting frame 2 and is bonded together by means of a special glue. And finally, splicing the plurality of synthesis units 1 to finish the preparation of the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative-stiffness energy-absorbing structure. The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are demonstrated by the following examples, which should be noted that the energy absorbing performance of the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness structure of the present invention is mainly affected by the following parameters: dome structure thickness t, column diameter b, column height H, fillet radius c1。
Example 1
Preparing a dome structure 4 of the three-dimensional dome type negative stiffness energy absorption structure by adopting a silica gel material:
the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure prepared in this example was constructed as described in embodiments one to nine, and the preparation method was carried out as described in embodiment ten.
Silica gel parameters: modulus of elasticity: 0.8MPa, Poisson's ratio: 0.49, density: 1030kg/m3；
The geometry of the common dome-type negative stiffness structure and dome structure 4 is: the outer diameter r of the ring-shaped support 9 is 15.5mm, the thickness t of the curved dome 8 is 2mm, the height H of the connecting column 7 is 6mm, the other dimension c1 is 0.5mm, c2 is 2mm, c3 is 2.5mm, b is 6mm, and a is 10 mm. Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a dimensional graph of a three-dimensional dome-type negative stiffness energy absorbing structure dome structure 4, with whether the dome structure 4 is monostable or multistable during compression depending on the magnitude of the value of the parameter H/t.
A finite element simulation of the compressive deformation of the dome 4 is shown in figure 4. The experimental procedure for the compressive deformation of the dome 4 is shown in fig. 5. It is observed that as the compression progresses, the disc undergoes a progressive buckling deformation, and when the compression exceeds a certain value, the dome 4 undergoes a sudden change, which is a negative stiffness effect.
Compared with the energy absorption capacity of a common dome-shaped negative stiffness structure. The force-displacement curve comparing the conventional dome structure and dome structure 4 is shown in fig. 6.
From the force-displacement plots of the two dome structures of fig. 6, it can be seen that both structures have negative stiffness properties and exhibit abrupt behavior under compressive loading. Further analysis has shown that the positive stiffness of dome 4 is greater than that of a conventional dome, and that dome 4 has a volume of 1802.33mm3The mass is 1.856 g; the volume of a common dome structure is 1766.243mm3The mass was 1.819 g.
Meanwhile, in the aspect of energy absorption performance, the single unit 1 of the dome structure 4 can realize the energy absorption of 24.68mJ, the unit mass energy absorption is 13.3mJ/g, while the energy absorption of a single common dome structure is 15.65mJ, and the unit mass energy absorption is 8.604 mJ/g. The energy absorption capacity of the dome structure 4 exceeds that of a conventional dome structure, and shows a high advantage in energy absorption.
Example 2
The dome structure 4 of the three-dimensional dome type negative stiffness energy-absorbing structure prepared from the nylon material is compared with the dome structure 4 prepared from the silica gel material:
the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure prepared in this example was constructed as described in embodiments one to nine, and the preparation method was carried out as described in embodiment ten.
Nylon parameters: modulus of elasticity: 1300MPa, Poisson's ratio: 0.33, density: 1060kg/m3；
The dimensions of the dome structure 4 of this example were the same as those of example 1, and the dome structure 4 of the three-dimensional dome-type negative stiffness energy absorbing structure made of two different materials was experimentally analyzed to compare the deformation and the energy absorption thereof. Fig. 7 is a graph comparing force-displacement curves for dome 4 made of two different materials.
By analyzing the comparison graph of the force-displacement curve of fig. 7, the graph a is the dome structure 4 made of the silica gel, the graph B is the dome structure 4 made of the nylon, and the comparison shows that the energy absorption of the dome structure 4 made of the nylon can reach 449.67mJ, the energy absorption of the dome structure 4 made of the silica gel with the same size is 24.68mJ, and the energy absorption capacity is remarkably improved. But at the same time, the dome structure 4 made of nylon material has microcracks in the compression process, which reduces the repeatability of the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative-stiffness energy-absorbing structure.
The assembled and combined multiple dome structures 4 are tested to measure their combined energy absorption capacity, and as shown in fig. 8, the combined three-dimensional dome-shaped structure can bear twice the maximum stress of a single unit, and the energy absorption capacity is also significantly increased. After three same compression cycles, the three curves are almost completely superposed, the structural bearing capacity and the energy absorption performance are kept stable, and the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness structure is proved to have good repeatability.
Compared with a common dome-shaped negative stiffness structure, the three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorption structure has the advantages that the positive stiffness is improved, and more energy can be absorbed. Compared with a two-dimensional negative stiffness structure, the structure has the advantages of adjustable monostability and multistability, the application range is expanded, and good repeatability is achieved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness structure, characterized by comprising a plurality of synthetic units (1), said synthetic units (1) comprising a soft dome-shaped structure (4), a connecting frame (2) and a base (3); wherein, a concave platform (5) and an exhaust hole (6) are reserved on the connecting frame (2), and the concave platform (5) is used for placing the dome structure (4); the dome structure (4) comprises an annular support (9), a curved dome (8) and a connecting column (7), a through hole is formed in the center of the connecting column (7), the cylindrical structure on the base (3) is inserted into a central hole of the dome structure (4), and the two are coaxial; the lower surface of the base (3) is superposed with the upper surface of the dome structure (4), and the upper surface and the lower surface of the adjacent base (3) are connected; the lower surface of the annular support (9) of the dome structure (4) is superposed with the upper surface of the concave platform (5); the axis of the dome structure (4) is coincident with the axis of the concave table (5) of the connecting frame (3).
2. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the side of the curved dome (8) of the dome structure (4) is deformed in an arc.
3. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the curved dome (8) side curve of the dome structure (4) is made based on a bezier curve.
4. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the annular support (9) of the dome structure (4) is 14.5mm, the thickness of the curved dome part is 2mm, and the total height of the dome structure is 12 mm.
5. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the dome structure (4) is made of silica gel and is finished by adopting a casting process.
6. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the concave table (5) of the connecting frame (2) is 14.5mm, the inner diameter of the concave table (5) is 12mm, and the depth of the concave table (5) is 2 mm.
7. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the cylindrical side surface of the connecting frame (2) is provided with an exhaust hole (6) for exhausting the internal gas when the dome structure (4) is compressed.
8. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the connecting frame (2) and the base (3) are made of nylon or resin and are manufactured by adopting a fused deposition molding technology.
9. The three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the annular support (9) of the dome structure (4) is connected with the concave table (5) of the connecting frame (2) in a glue bonding mode.
10. A method for producing a three-dimensional dome-shaped negative stiffness energy absorbing structure according to any of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the base (3) and the connecting frame (2) are made of nylon or resin materials and are integrally processed by a 3D printing technology;
step two: the dome structure (4) is processed and formed by engineering plastics such as silica gel or PA through a casting process or an additive manufacturing technology;
step three: a through hole is arranged on the connecting column (7) of the dome structure (4); embedding the cylinder on the base (3) into the through hole of the connecting column (7) of the dome structure (4); a concave platform (5) and an exhaust hole (6) are arranged on the connecting frame (2);
step four: placing the annular support (9) of the dome structure (4) into the concave table (5) of the connecting frame (2), and simultaneously bonding the annular support and the concave table by adopting special glue to connect the annular support and the concave table together; and finally, splicing the plurality of synthesis units (1).
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| CN106960096A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Three-dimensional negative stiffness honeycomb and preparation method thereof |
| CN108488290A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-09-04 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Reusable low velocity impact energy absorbing device |
| CN110792710A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Composite negative-stiffness energy-absorbing honeycomb structure and preparation method thereof |
| US10808794B1 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-10-20 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Topological damping materials and methods thereof |
| CN112747061A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 西安交通大学 | Vibration isolation structure based on bistable curved beam |
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| EP1788273A1 (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-23 | ARCELOR France | Macro cell structure for energy absorption and method of manufacturing of such a structure |
| CN106960096A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Three-dimensional negative stiffness honeycomb and preparation method thereof |
| US10808794B1 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-10-20 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Topological damping materials and methods thereof |
| CN108488290A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-09-04 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Reusable low velocity impact energy absorbing device |
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