CN114293559A - Horizontal MJS construction method - Google Patents
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- CN114293559A CN114293559A CN202111592841.2A CN202111592841A CN114293559A CN 114293559 A CN114293559 A CN 114293559A CN 202111592841 A CN202111592841 A CN 202111592841A CN 114293559 A CN114293559 A CN 114293559A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a horizontal MJS construction method, which comprises the following steps: marking the pile position on the vertical surface of the ground wall according to a construction drawing; installing a plugging device on the vertical surface of the ground wall according to the marked pile position; installing MJS equipment on the ground on one side of the ground wall, and leveling the MJS equipment; drilling a hole in the soil body in the horizontal direction by using a drill rod; the slurry spraying rod is utilized to start rotary spraying from the deepest position of the hole, the slurry in the hole is sucked and discharged reversely by the plugging device, and when the spraying pressure at the rotary spraying position reaches a preset value, the slurry spraying rod is gradually drawn back and then rotary spraying is carried out section by section; the drill rod keeps rotating and is pumped back along with the drill rod; the top end of the cement paste plugging pile is penetrated into the inlet of the hole; and plugging the through hole of the device penetrating through the ground wall by using quick-drying cement. The method uses the MJS jet grouting pile in the horizontal direction, can solve the problem that the ground site is limited and the vertical MJS cannot be constructed, and effectively avoids the influence of construction production on road traffic, pipelines and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foundation engineering construction, in particular to a horizontal MJS (Metro Jet System, omnibearing high-pressure injection) construction method.
Background
The MJS generally adopts a vertical MJS construction method for construction, but the requirement on the ground during the vertical MJS construction is high, and the vertical MJS construction method cannot be adopted if the site cannot be turned over or the pipeline cannot be moved. For example, the station a of the M-line of the rail transit in a city runs along the north and south of a certain main road and crosses an intersection in the east-west direction to transfer with the station B of the N-line of the passing vehicle in a cross manner, the station B of the N-line is an underground two-layer island platform station, the top plate of the center of the platform is covered with soil of about 2.476M, the bottom plate is buried deep of about 14.976M, and the station a of the M-line is an underground three-layer island platform station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a horizontal MJS construction method, which aims to solve the technical problem that some sites can not be reinforced by a vertical MJS construction method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a horizontal MJS construction method, which is used for reinforcing a soil body, wherein a ground wall is arranged on the side surface of the soil body, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
s1, marking the pile position on the vertical surface of the ground wall according to a construction drawing;
s2, installing a plugging device on the vertical surface of the ground wall according to the marked pile position;
s3, installing MJS equipment on the ground on one side of the ground wall, and leveling the MJS equipment;
s4, the MJS device comprises a drill rod, the drill rod penetrates through the plugging device, a hole in the soil body in the horizontal direction is drilled by the drill rod, the length of the hole is equal to that of the pile, and the diameter of the hole is larger than that of the drill rod;
s5, placing a slurry spraying rod in the drill rod, starting rotary spraying from the deepest position of the hole by using the slurry spraying rod, reversely sucking and discharging slurry in the hole by using the plugging device, and gradually pumping back the slurry spraying rod and then performing rotary spraying section by section when the spraying pressure at the rotary spraying position reaches a preset value; the drill rod keeps rotating and is pumped back along with the drill rod;
s6, when the shotcrete rod is drawn back to the inlet of the hole, the shotcrete rod and the drill rod are moved away, and cement slurry is injected into the inlet of the hole to block the top end of the pile; and then removing the plugging device, and plugging the through hole of the plugging device penetrating through the ground wall by using quick-drying cement.
Optionally, the plugging device includes a main pipe, a branch pipe, a first switch valve and a second switch valve, the main pipe is communicated with the branch pipe, the first switch valve is installed on the main pipe, and the second switch valve is installed on the branch pipe; the main pipe penetrates through the ground wall, and the main pipe is used for penetrating a drill rod and a guniting rod; the branch pipes are used for recovering mud.
Optionally, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: mounting a steel platform on the ground on one side of the ground wall, and mounting two rows of flat rail steel on the steel platform; installing four rail wheels on an MJS device, wherein the MJS device moves on the rail steel through the rail wheels; and leveling the MJS equipment by using an oil cylinder.
Optionally, the MJS device is dragged to move on the rail steel by using a gantry single-beam crane; the gantry single-beam crane slides on the steel platform through a pulley.
Optionally, in step S4, the moving speed of the drill rod is 5-10 cm/min.
Optionally, step S6 is followed by the following steps:
s7, repeatedly executing the steps S1-S6, and forming a plurality of continuous semi-cylindrical piles at the bottom of the soil body through rotary spraying; after the first pile is formed, after the strength of the first pile reaches the strength of the original soil body, constructing a second pile at the position spaced by more than one pile, and repeating the steps until all the piles at the bottom of the soil body are constructed.
Optionally, step S7 is followed by the following steps:
and S8, repeating the steps S1-S6, forming a plurality of continuous semi-cylindrical piles on two sides of the soil body by rotary spraying, after the first pile is formed, constructing a second pile at the position above the first pile again after the strength of the first pile reaches the strength of the original soil body, and circulating the steps until all the piles on two sides of the soil body are constructed.
Optionally, the grouting pressure of the MJS equipment is 38-42 Mpa, the main air pressure is 0.7-1.2 Mpa, and the main air flow is 1-2 m3/min。
The horizontal MJS construction method provided by the invention uses the MJS jet grouting pile in the horizontal direction, can solve the problem that the ground site is limited and the vertical MJS cannot be constructed, and effectively avoids the influence of construction production on road traffic, pipelines and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a horizontal MJS construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plugging device installed on a ground wall according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of pile jump at the bottom and upper part of a soil body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of pile jumping on two sides of a soil body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ reference numerals are described below ]:
the device comprises a main pipe-1, a branch pipe-2, a first switch valve-3, a second switch valve-4, an expansion bolt-5, a ground wall-6, a soil body-7 and a drill rod-8.
Detailed Description
The following describes in more detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the schematic drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a horizontal MJS construction method, where the construction method is used to reinforce a soil body, a ground wall (underground continuous wall) is provided on a side surface of the soil body, and if there is no ground wall on the side surface of the soil body, the construction method can be used to form the ground wall and enclose the soil body through the ground wall, and the construction method includes the following steps:
and S1, marking the pile position on the vertical surface of the ground wall according to the construction drawing. Pile position measurements can be lofted to the elevation of the ground wall according to the pile position plan.
And S2, installing a plugging device on the vertical surface of the ground wall according to the marked pile position. After the position of a guniting center is determined according to the pile position, a plugging device for preventing the gushing of underground water is installed before the hole is opened, the plugging device has an opening function, and a plurality of rubber sealing devices need to be installed at the same time.
And S3, installing the MJS device on the ground on one side of the ground wall, and leveling the MJS device. The MJS equipment can be adjusted to be in a horizontal state by using the oil cylinder, and the MJS equipment can drill holes and form piles by rotary jetting in the horizontal direction after being leveled.
And S4, the MJS device comprises a drill rod, the drill rod penetrates through the plugging device, a horizontal hole is drilled in the soil body by the drill rod, the length of the hole is equal to that of the pile, and the diameter of the hole is larger than that of the drill rod. The diameter of the opening is slightly larger than that of a drill rod (the diameter of the drill rod is 142mm in the embodiment) in MJS construction, and the diameter of the opening is 180-220 mm generally.
S5, placing a slurry spraying rod in the drill rod, starting rotary spraying from the deepest position of the hole by using the slurry spraying rod, reversely sucking and discharging slurry in the hole by using the plugging device, and gradually pumping back the slurry spraying rod and then performing rotary spraying section by section when the spraying pressure at the rotary spraying position reaches a preset value; the drill rod remains rotating and is withdrawn with the drill rod.
After the grout spraying rod is penetrated to the designed depth, grout spraying is started, a high-pressure pump and high-pressure air are adopted for spraying during grout spraying, in order to ensure the quality of the bottom end of the pile, the grout spraying rod is rotated for more than 60 seconds in the original position when penetrating to the designed depth, and after the underground pressure reaches the designed value, the inverted water absorption is started and the jet grouting step pitch is started to be lifted.
After the high-pressure jet pump and the high-pressure air are started, the slurry is gradually sprayed from the deepest end of the hole to the position of the hole opening in a rotating mode, and meanwhile the slurry is sucked and discharged reversely. When spraying, the rotary spraying pipe and the outer sleeve pipe contained in the grout spraying rod are gradually pumped back after the preset spraying pressure is reached, the rotation and the pumping back of the drill rod are continuously carried out without interruption, the drilling machine breaks down, the pumping back and the rotation of the drill rod are stopped to prevent the pile from being broken, the pile is immediately overhauled and cleared, and the drilling rod grout spraying rotary spraying time is properly increased within the range of 1.0m at the end part of the pile in order to improve the quality of the bottom end of the pile. In the rotary spraying and pumping process, the rotary spraying parameters can be adjusted according to different soil layers.
The effective diameter of the engineering pile is a semicircle of 2400mm, so the parameters of guniting are adjusted as follows;
the technical index requirements are as follows:
1) effective pile diameter
The effective diameter of the MJS pile is determined according to the geological condition of the soil layer and the construction condition, the injection time and pressure are determined according to the geological physical characteristic parameters, the effective diameter of a single pile is designed to be 2400mm semicircle, and the center spacing is 800 mm.
2) Lifting speed (i.e. withdrawal speed): the guniting time is reduced to 20min/m on the basis of 40min/m (full circle) specified by the standard.
3) Mixing ratio
Water: the weight ratio of the cement is 1: 1.
4) grouting pressure: 40MPa (. + -. 2).
5) Main air pressure: 0.7 to 1.2 MPa.
6) Main air flow rate: 1 to 2m3/min。
7) Lifting the step pitch: the semicircle is 60s/50 mm.
8) Rotation speed: semicircle 2-3 r/min.
9) Pile-forming levelness error: less than or equal to 1/100.
10) The cement mixing amount is as follows: not less than 40 percent.
11) Slurry flow rate: 85-110L/min.
12) Underground pressure control coefficient: 1.3-1.6 (calculating the underground pressure according to the depth of the soil layer).
S6, when the shotcrete rod is drawn back to the inlet of the hole, the shotcrete rod and the drill rod are moved away, and cement slurry is injected into the inlet of the hole to block the top end of the pile; and then removing the plugging device, and plugging the through hole of the plugging device penetrating through the ground wall by using quick-drying cement.
Removing the MJS equipment after the grouting is finished, inserting a phi 25mm double-fluid grouting pipe into the hole, determining the insertion depth according to the actual condition, starting a double-fluid grouting pump to start hole sealing and grouting, and pumping back the grouting pipe according to a grouting pressure gauge, wherein the grouting pressure is controlled to be 0.3-0.5 Mpa, so that the settlement caused by the shrinkage of cement paste is prevented; and (3) removing the plugging device after grouting is finished, and plugging the through hole in the ground wall by using quick cement (namely quick-setting cement), wherein the through hole in the ground wall is communicated with the hole in the soil body and is positioned on a horizontal straight line.
The construction of the engineering MJS is applied to the operation in the foundation pit, the mud discharging amount during the MJS construction reaches 130 percent, the specific gravity of the discharged mud is about 1.4 to 1.5, the conventional mud pump can not discharge the mud to the ground for processing, and a high-dust mud pump is needed to discharge the mudPumping the liquid to a ground slurry box, and placing a 3-5 m slurry box at the bottom of the pit3The small-sized mud box is characterized in that a deep well mud pump is installed in the mud box, a steel pipe with the same diameter as the pump is connected to the ground, mud is pumped into the ground mud box firstly, then the mud is conveyed to a mud-water separation pressure filtration system by a conventional mud pump to be treated, and treated earthwork is transported outside in a centralized mode.
According to the horizontal MJS construction method, the MJS jet grouting pile is used in the horizontal direction to form the pile, the problem that the ground site is limited and the vertical MJS cannot be constructed can be solved, and the influence of construction production on road traffic, pipelines and the like can be effectively avoided.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the plugging device includes a main pipe 1, a branch pipe 2, a first switch valve 3 and a second switch valve 4, the main pipe 1 is communicated with the branch pipe 2, the first switch valve 3 is installed on the main pipe 1, and the second switch valve 3 is installed on the branch pipe 2; the main pipe 1 penetrates through the ground wall 6, and the main pipe 1 is used for penetrating a drill rod 8 and a guniting rod; the branch pipe 2 is used for recovering slurry. Wherein, the first switch valve 3 can be a butterfly valve, and the main pipe 1 can be fixed on a ground wall 6 through an expansion bolt 5; one side of the ground wall 6 is used for placing MJS equipment, and the other side is a soil body 7. The first switch valve 3 has the opening and closing functions, so that a drill rod 8 and a guniting rod can be conveniently inserted into the main pipe; when the drill rod 8 and the shotcrete rod are removed from the main pipe, the first on-off valve 3 is closed again. The second on-off valve 4 can control the backflow speed of the slurry.
Optionally, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: mounting a steel platform on the ground on one side of the ground wall, and mounting two rows of flat rail steel on the steel platform; installing four rail wheels on an MJS device, wherein the MJS device moves on the rail steel through the rail wheels; and leveling the MJS equipment by using an oil cylinder.
Considering that most areas are provided with cover plates during construction of the engineering MJS, the hoisting operation of a crane cannot be realized in place, the construction needs to install rail steel according to the position and the direction of a pile, modify the MJS equipment, additionally install 4 rail wheels, install the MJS equipment on the rail wheels, adopt a horizontal winch to draw in place, and after the MJS equipment is aligned with the pile position, support 4 horizontal adjusting oil cylinders to level and fix the MJS equipment. When the procedures of adding and connecting a drill rod and the like in the horizontal MJS are manually completed and the requirement is very tight according to the project construction period, in order to ensure the construction project, a gantry single-beam pulley hoist (namely a gantry single-beam crane) is installed on a steel platform, the gantry single-beam crane slides on the steel platform through pulleys, and 1 gantry single-beam hoist is configured on each MJS device.
Optionally, in step S4, the moving speed of the drill rod is 5-10 cm/min. Considering that the horizontal MJS reinforcement of the project is reinforcement in shallow earth covering, the upper pipeline is complex, and in order to prevent the pipeline from being influenced by the rise of the ground during the MJS construction and ensure smooth slurry discharge in the construction process, the project MJS construction adopts a mode of synchronous reverse suction slurry discharge drilling of a slurry spray rod, and the outer drill rod is pumped back while slurry spray is guided to the rear side of the design depth of the front end; the hole leading speed is not suitable to be too high, generally within 5-10 cm/min, drilling is carried out while hole cutting water is sprayed, the underground pressure is closely monitored, and the underground pressure coefficient is controlled within 1.3-1.5.
Optionally, step S6 is followed by the following steps: s7, repeatedly executing the steps S1-S6, and forming a plurality of continuous semi-cylindrical piles at the bottom of the soil body through rotary spraying; after the first pile is formed, after the strength of the first pile reaches the strength of the original soil body, constructing a second pile at the position spaced by more than one pile, and repeating the steps until all the piles at the bottom of the soil body are constructed.
In order to prevent perforation during the rotary spraying construction, a certain distance is needed between the hole guiding and the rotary spraying, and the construction is carried out at intervals of 1 hole position or after 2 days before the pile is constructed; when pile jumping cannot be realized in side wall construction, an early strength agent needs to be added into cement paste, the mixing amount of the added early strength agent is determined according to actual conditions, the early strength of consolidation is accelerated as much as possible on the premise of not influencing guniting construction, and the original soil strength is ensured to be reached after guniting is finished for 12 hours. The construction sequence of the piles at the bottom of the soil body can be shown in figure 3, and the construction of the row piles at the bottom and the upper part can adopt 2 devices and a construction mode of jumping 2 to drive 1. The black font on the left side of fig. 3 represents the pile-skipping order of one MJS device, and the gray font on the right side represents the pile-skipping order of another MJS device.
Optionally, step S7 is followed by the following steps: and S8, repeating the steps S1-S6, forming a plurality of continuous semi-cylindrical piles on two sides of the soil body by rotary spraying, after the first pile is formed, constructing a second pile at the position above the first pile again after the strength of the first pile reaches the strength of the original soil body, and circulating the steps until all the piles on two sides of the soil body are constructed.
As shown in fig. 4, 2 devices can be adopted for construction on both sides of the soil body, the next pile needs to be constructed after 1 pile is completed within 12 hours, an early strength agent needs to be added into cement slurry during construction, the doping amount of the early strength agent needs to be determined according to tests, and the strength of the soil is not lower than the original soil strength after 12 hours;
optionally, the grouting pressure of the MJS equipment is 38-42 Mpa, the main air pressure is 0.7-1.2 Mpa, and the main air flow is 1-2 m3And/min. This may improve the strength of the pile.
In conclusion, the horizontal MJS construction method provided by the invention uses the MJS jet grouting pile in the horizontal direction, can solve the problem that the vertical MJS cannot be constructed due to limited ground site, and effectively avoids the influence of construction production on road traffic, pipelines and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A horizontal MJS construction method is characterized in that the construction method is used for reinforcing a soil body, a ground wall is arranged on the side surface of the soil body, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
s1, marking the pile position on the vertical surface of the ground wall according to a construction drawing;
s2, installing a plugging device on the vertical surface of the ground wall according to the marked pile position;
s3, installing MJS equipment on the ground on one side of the ground wall, and leveling the MJS equipment;
s4, the MJS device comprises a drill rod, the drill rod penetrates through the plugging device, a hole in the soil body in the horizontal direction is drilled by the drill rod, the length of the hole is equal to that of the pile, and the diameter of the hole is larger than that of the drill rod;
s5, placing a slurry spraying rod in the drill rod, starting rotary spraying from the deepest position of the hole by using the slurry spraying rod, reversely sucking and discharging slurry in the hole by using the plugging device, and gradually pumping back the slurry spraying rod and then performing rotary spraying section by section when the spraying pressure at the rotary spraying position reaches a preset value; the drill rod keeps rotating and is pumped back along with the drill rod;
s6, when the shotcrete rod is drawn back to the inlet of the hole, the shotcrete rod and the drill rod are moved away, and cement slurry is injected into the inlet of the hole to block the top end of the pile; and then removing the plugging device, and plugging the through hole of the plugging device penetrating through the ground wall by using quick-drying cement.
2. The horizontal MJS construction method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the plugging means comprises a main pipe, a branch pipe, a first on-off valve and a second on-off valve, the main pipe and the branch pipe communicating, the first on-off valve being installed on the main pipe, the second on-off valve being installed on the branch pipe; the main pipe penetrates through the ground wall, and the main pipe is used for penetrating a drill rod and a guniting rod; the branch pipes are used for recovering mud.
3. The horizontal MJS construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises the steps of: mounting a steel platform on the ground on one side of the ground wall, and mounting two rows of flat rail steel on the steel platform; installing four rail wheels on an MJS device, wherein the MJS device moves on the rail steel through the rail wheels; and leveling the MJS equipment by using an oil cylinder.
4. A horizontal MJS construction method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the MJS device is drawn to move on the rail steel using a gantry type single beam crane; the gantry single-beam crane slides on the steel platform through a pulley.
5. The horizontal MJS construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moving speed of the boring bar is 5 to 10cm/min at step S4.
6. The horizontal MJS construction method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of, after the step S6:
s7, repeatedly executing the steps S1-S6, and forming a plurality of continuous semi-cylindrical piles at the bottom of the soil body through rotary spraying; after the first pile is formed, after the strength of the first pile reaches the strength of the original soil body, constructing a second pile at the position spaced by more than one pile, and repeating the steps until all the piles at the bottom of the soil body are constructed.
7. The horizontal MJS construction method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising the steps of, after the step S7:
and S8, repeating the steps S1-S6, forming a plurality of continuous semi-cylindrical piles on two sides of the soil body by rotary spraying, after the first pile is formed, constructing a second pile at the position above the first pile again after the strength of the first pile reaches the strength of the original soil body, and circulating the steps until all the piles on two sides of the soil body are constructed.
8. The horizontal MJS construction method as in claim 1, wherein the grouting pressure of the MJS equipment is 38 Mpa-42 Mpa, the main air pressure is 0.7-1.2 Mpa, and the main air flow is 1-2 m3/min。
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