CN114284682A - Novel airborne antenna to 5G networking unmanned aerial vehicle CPE - Google Patents
Novel airborne antenna to 5G networking unmanned aerial vehicle CPE Download PDFInfo
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- CN114284682A CN114284682A CN202111402037.3A CN202111402037A CN114284682A CN 114284682 A CN114284682 A CN 114284682A CN 202111402037 A CN202111402037 A CN 202111402037A CN 114284682 A CN114284682 A CN 114284682A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel airborne antenna for a 5G networked unmanned aerial vehicle CPE. The antenna adopts a three-section structure and comprises a base, a plate-shaped antenna housing and an elliptical disk antenna housing which are connected together, wherein the base which is positioned at the top and is elliptical is provided with a mounting hole and two feeder line joints.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a novel airborne antenna for a 5G networked unmanned aerial vehicle CPE.
Background
At present, along with the development of unmanned aerial vehicle products and technologies, unmanned aerial vehicles play more and more important roles in the aspects of industry, military, traffic and public security. After the unmanned aerial vehicle is lifted off, the ground transmits the control information of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the state information of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the air and the data link between the air and the air needed by the information collected by the equipment mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle. At present, the 5G frequency channel that networking 5G unmanned aerial vehicle adopted is the 5G frequency channel of operator, belong to Sub6G frequency channel, concrete frequency point is 2.6GHz ~ 5.0GHz, the unmanned aerial vehicle data link is with point to point mode for giving first place to and the solution of networking unmanned aerial vehicle data link has been proposed, like ground mobile communication network promptly, build a base station network that covers to the sky, and dispose mobile terminal (CPE) on unmanned aerial vehicle, through the communication of CPE and base station, realize the data transmission between the sky. The networking unmanned aerial vehicle can change the operation mode of the unmanned aerial vehicle, expand the market space of the unmanned aerial vehicle and promote the development of the unmanned aerial vehicle industry. The unmanned aerial vehicle data link scheme is the development direction who follows networking unmanned aerial vehicle, compares in other products and schemes, and not only the performance has the advantage, has more the advantage on theory and development prospect. With the continuous expansion of the 5G technology and the network, the networked unmanned aerial vehicle also develops to a 5G stage, namely, a base station on the ground and terminal equipment on the unmanned aerial vehicle are developed into 5G products, but no suitable 5G airborne antenna is available at present; at present, 5G network unmanned aerial vehicle does not have specially designed airborne antenna, only adopts common whip omnidirectional antenna product as airborne antenna, and such antenna has a lot of problems to 5G's ground space coverage: the 5G onboard CPE supports 2T4R, 4 antennas are required for reception when a whip omnidirectional antenna is used, and the 4 antennas are vertically polarized, so that the antennas have large spacing, otherwise the diversity effect is affected. The gain of the omnidirectional whip antenna is related to the antenna length, and in order to obtain high gain, the size of the antenna needs to be increased, so that the installation of a common omnidirectional whip antenna on an unmanned aerial vehicle is not facilitated, when the size of the antenna is increased greatly, a vertical lobe has a large number of zero points, the vertical lobe of the antenna is the electrical characteristic of the antenna, the zero points are points with extremely low antenna gain, and the excessively deep zero points are fatal to null coverage and can cause the problems of weak coverage, coverage holes, staggered coverage of adjacent cells and generation of a large amount of switching.
The lobe width is an important parameter of the directional antenna, and refers to the width of an included angle formed at a position which is lower than the peak value by 3dB in the radiation pattern of the antenna; the vertical lobe width of the antenna is related to the coverage radius in the direction corresponding to the antenna, and the horizontal lobe width and the vertical plane lobe width are related to two aspects. The half power angle of the horizontal plane defines the beam width of the antenna horizontal plane, the larger the angle, the better the coverage at the sector boundary, but when the antenna tilt angle is increased, the more likely the beam distortion occurs, forming a handover coverage, the smaller the angle, the worse the coverage at the sector boundary. The half-power angle of the vertical plane defines the beam width of the vertical plane of the antenna, and the smaller the half-power angle of the vertical plane is, the faster the signal attenuation is when the vertical plane deviates from the main beam direction, and the easier the coverage area can be accurately controlled by adjusting the inclination angle of the antenna.
The top gain of the existing omnidirectional whip antenna is seriously depressed, the top and the bottom of the antenna are the places with the worst gain, and the phenomenon of dark under the lamp can be generated in the open area of the ground. But also because of reflection and scattering of ground and ground features and buildings, this problem is not serious for ground networks, and a null coverage may cause weak coverage in the antenna top area, a coverage hole or a problem that signals of adjacent cells cover the handover coverage at the top of the cell. The existing whip antenna is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, the antenna cannot bear excessive wind load due to the material and shape, and cannot meet the requirement of high-speed (500km/h) flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle, at present, a 5G network is divided into two networking modes of NSA (non-independent networking) and SA (independent networking), for NSA, an airborne terminal is required to support 4G and 5G networks simultaneously, the frequency band of 4G is concentrated at 1.7-2.3 GHz, and the frequency band of 5G is concentrated at 2.6-5.0 GHz. The frequency range supported by the existing whip omnidirectional antenna is limited, and a 4G network and a 5G network are supported by respective antenna products, so that the number of antennas of CPE (central processing element) required to be installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle is more, and the deployment is more difficult. Just because these problems that present 5G machine carries antenna exist have seriously influenced 5G networking unmanned aerial vehicle's development, and traditional omnidirectional antenna lobe is like the apple form, and the top of antenna is the place that antenna gain is the worst, does not carry out the promotion of top gain and can cause the phenomenon that the signal weakens and switches to adjacent district when flying the basic station top.
In summary, the conventional drone antenna has a rod-shaped structure, for example, when the airborne antenna described in the fixed structure of the patent of the fixed wing drone rod airborne antenna with patent publication No. CN207009635U has a rod-shaped omnidirectional antenna as the airborne antenna of the 5G drone, the following problems exist:
1. the rod antenna is a single-polarization antenna, and a 5G terminal usually supports 2T4R, so a plurality of rod antennas are required to be installed;
2. the rod-shaped antenna is vertically polarized, a polarization diversity effect cannot be generated among a plurality of antennas, and a large distance is required among the antennas for improving the space diversity gain;
3. the vertical lobe of the common rod-shaped antenna has a large number of zero points, and the zero points can cause call drop under the radio wave environment with less space coverage multipath;
4. the gain of the top of the common rod-shaped antenna is seriously sunken, so that overhead drop can be caused;
5. the speed of the support movement is low;
6. the frequency band range supported by the common rod antenna is narrow, and one antenna cannot simultaneously support 4G and 5G frequency bands, so that NSA networking cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel airborne antenna aiming at a CPE (unmanned aerial vehicle) of a 5G networking based on the characteristics of ground-air communication radio wave propagation environment and the problems of the existing ordinary whip omnidirectional antenna, which can overcome the technical problems so as to meet the requirement of ground-air communication network coverage.
The antenna adopts a three-section structure and comprises a base, a plate-shaped antenna housing and an elliptical disk antenna housing which are connected together, wherein a mounting hole and two feeder line connectors are arranged on the elliptical base which is positioned at the top, the mounting hole is matched with a bolt and a nut to fix the antenna on an airplane body, and the feeder line connectors are connected with CPE (customer premise equipment) and feeder lines in the airplane; the plate-shaped antenna housing is fixed on the lower wall surface of the base, the plate-shaped antenna housing is used for wrapping and supporting the vertically polarized antenna oscillator so as to reduce the air resistance of flight, the cross section of the plate-shaped antenna housing is streamline, the lower end of the plate-shaped antenna housing is connected with the elliptical disk antenna housing, and the elliptical disk antenna housing is used for wrapping and supporting the horizontally polarized oscillator of the antenna.
Furthermore, the antenna adopts a dual-polarized structure, namely the feeder joint corresponds to two different polarization directions of an orthogonal polarization mode, the two different polarization directions are vertical/horizontal directions, the vertical/horizontal polarization isolation can reduce the requirement on space isolation distance, the size of the antenna is smaller, and the space between multiple antennas can be smaller so as to be convenient for installation and deployment on the unmanned aerial vehicle in a narrow space.
Furthermore, the antenna adopts a broadband frequency band which is 1.7GHz to 5GHz, so that the networking requirements of various scenes and NSA are met, the frequency band range meets the 5G requirements of operators, and 4G frequency points are supported.
The antenna carries out zero filling processing by adjusting the feed network and carries out filling processing on the zero of the antenna side lobe (the zero is the point with low antenna gain), namely, the degree of mutual interference of radio waves among all the antenna arrays is controlled by adjusting the number and the distance of the antenna arrays and the amplitude and the phase of each array feed network, and the gain and the direction of a synthesized beam are finally influenced, so that the antenna has no zero no matter a horizontal lobe or a vertical lobe, and the change of the antenna lobe can be smoother.
Further, the antenna according to the invention has a vertical lobe width, i.e. a half power angle, of 35 ° to 80 °.
Further, the horizontal lobe width of the antenna according to the invention is 360 °.
The antenna controls the degree of mutual interference of radio waves among the antenna arrays by adjusting the number and the distance of the antenna arrays and the amplitude and the phase of each array feed network so as to influence the gain and the direction of a synthesized beam, so that the gain range of the antenna is 2dBi-5dBi, namely the low-frequency band antenna gain of the antenna is 2dBi and the high-frequency band antenna gain of the antenna is 5 dBi.
The antenna of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the antenna meets the networking structure requirement of a cellular network, and overcomes the problem of empty coverage of the existing common omnidirectional whip antenna;
2. the antenna is used for carrying out ground-air communication special propagation environment aiming at a 5G networked unmanned aerial vehicle, and improves the signal coverage quality;
3. the antenna covers the 5G frequency band of each operator, supports NSA networking and 4G frequency points, and does not need to be customized again under the condition that the frequency bands and bandwidths adopted by different scenes are different, so that the use efficiency is improved;
4. the antenna can be deployed on the unmanned aerial vehicle, not only can meet the requirement of 5G wireless coverage performance, but also has the advantages of convenience in installation, wide application range and flexibility in deployment, and lays a foundation for the development of a 5G networking unmanned aerial vehicle;
5. the antenna provided by the invention has the advantages that the top gain of the antenna is improved, the gain of the top of the antenna is enhanced by adjusting the radiation direction of the top oscillator, and the gain right above the antenna is not less than-10 dBi.
6. The antenna of the present invention optimizes the electrical characteristics of the antenna, including the vertical lobe of the antenna, to reduce the number and depth of nulls in the antenna in a manner that reduces antenna gain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an internet unmanned aerial vehicle communication network of the antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1, the antenna of the present invention adopts a three-stage structure including: the antenna comprises a base 1, a plate-shaped antenna housing 4 and an elliptical disk antenna housing 5 which are connected together, wherein the base 1 is elliptical and is positioned at the top, a plurality of mounting holes 2 and feeder line connectors 3 are arranged on the base 1, the mounting holes 2 are matched with bolts and nuts to fix the antenna on the body of an airplane, and the feeder line connectors 3 are used for fixing the antenna on the body of the airplane and are connected with CPE (customer premise equipment) and feeder lines in the airplane; the base 1 is connected with the plate-shaped antenna housing 4, the plate-shaped antenna housing 4 is used for supporting the vertically polarized antenna oscillator so as to reduce the air resistance of flight, the cross section of the plate-shaped antenna housing 4 is streamline, the lower end of the plate-shaped antenna housing 4 is connected with the elliptical disk antenna housing 5, and the elliptical disk antenna housing 5 is used for wrapping and supporting the oscillator of antenna horizontal polarization.
Furthermore, the antenna adopts a dual-polarization structure, namely the feeder joint 3 corresponds to two different polarization directions of an orthogonal polarization mode, the two different polarization directions are vertical/horizontal directions, the vertical/horizontal polarization isolation can reduce the requirement on space isolation distance, the size of the antenna is smaller, and the distance between multiple antennas is smaller so as to be convenient for installation and deployment on the unmanned aerial vehicle in a narrow space.
Furthermore, the antenna adopts a broadband frequency band which is 1.7GHz to 5GHz, so that the networking requirements of various scenes and NSA are met, the frequency band range meets the 5G requirements of operators, and 4G frequency points are supported.
The antenna carries out zero filling processing by adjusting the feed network and carries out filling processing on the zero of the antenna side lobe (the zero is the point with low antenna gain), namely, the degree of mutual interference of radio waves among all the antenna arrays is controlled by adjusting the number and the distance of the antenna arrays and the amplitude and the phase of each array feed network, and the gain and the direction of a synthesized beam are finally influenced, so that the antenna has no zero no matter a horizontal lobe or a vertical lobe, and the change of the antenna lobe can be smoother.
Further, the antenna according to the invention has a vertical lobe width, i.e. a half power angle, of 35 ° to 80 °.
Further, the horizontal lobe width of the antenna according to the invention is 360 °.
The antenna controls the degree of mutual interference of radio waves among the antenna arrays by adjusting the number and the distance of the antenna arrays and the amplitude and the phase of each array feed network so as to influence the gain and the direction of a synthesized beam, so that the gain range of the antenna is 2dBi-5dBi, namely the low-frequency band antenna gain of the antenna is 2dBi and the high-frequency band antenna gain of the antenna is 5 dBi.
As shown in fig. 2, the network connection architecture of the antenna based on the data link of the 5G network connection unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention realizes an end-to-end unmanned aerial vehicle network and is divided into two parts, namely an air terminal and a ground network: the aerial terminal part comprises an airborne CPE and an airborne antenna (antenna according to the invention), and the ground network comprises: a base station antenna, a base station, a core network and a data server; deploying a plurality of base stations on the ground according to the flying range or route of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the wireless coverage capability of the base stations; the base station is connected with the core network and the data server to form a complete network; in the communication process, the control instruction of the unmanned aerial vehicle, which is generated by the data server on the ground, is transmitted to the base station through the core network of the ground network, and the base station converts the control instruction into a wireless signal and radiates the wireless signal to the air through the base station antenna. The airborne antenna receives the ground signal and transmits the ground signal to the airborne CPE, and the airborne CPE analyzes the data and transmits the data to the control system of the unmanned aerial vehicle; in the other direction, videos or images recorded by the onboard camera equipment are compressed and coded by CPE and then are modulated into wireless signals, and the wireless signals are radiated out through the onboard antenna; after receiving the information, the antenna of the base station on the ground transmits the video or image data to the data server through demodulation and decoding of the base station.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present disclosure should be covered within the scope of the present invention claimed in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A novel airborne antenna for a 5G networked unmanned aerial vehicle CPE is characterized in that a three-section structure is adopted, the novel airborne antenna comprises a base, a plate-shaped antenna housing and an elliptical disk antenna housing which are connected together, a mounting hole and two feeder line connectors are arranged on the base which is positioned at the top and is elliptical, the mounting hole is matched with a bolt and a nut to fix the antenna on an airplane body, and the feeder line connectors are connected with CPE equipment and feeder lines in the airplane; the plate-shaped antenna housing is fixed on the lower wall surface of the base, the cross section of the plate-shaped antenna housing is streamline, and the lower end of the plate-shaped antenna housing is connected with the elliptical disk antenna housing.
2. The novel airborne antenna for a 5G internet unmanned aerial vehicle CPE according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is of a dual polarized structure, that is, two feeder connectors correspond to two different polarization directions of orthogonal polarization, and the two different polarization directions are vertical/horizontal directions.
3. The novel airborne antenna for CPE of 5G networked unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the antenna uses a broadband frequency band from 1.7GHz to 5 GHz.
4. The novel airborne antenna for CPE of 5G networked unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the antenna is null-filled by adjusting the feeding network and filling the null of the antenna side lobe, that is, the degree of mutual interference of radio waves among the antenna arrays is controlled by adjusting the number, the spacing and the amplitude and the phase of the feeding network of each array.
5. The novel airborne antenna for a 5G networked drone CPE according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical lobe width, i.e. the half power angle, of the antenna is 35 ° to 80 °, and the horizontal lobe width of the antenna is 360 °.
6. The novel airborne antenna for a 5G internet unmanned aerial vehicle CPE according to claim 1, wherein the gain range of the antenna is 2dBi-5 dBi.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111402037.3A CN114284682A (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Novel airborne antenna to 5G networking unmanned aerial vehicle CPE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111402037.3A CN114284682A (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Novel airborne antenna to 5G networking unmanned aerial vehicle CPE |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114284682A true CN114284682A (en) | 2022-04-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111402037.3A Pending CN114284682A (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2021-11-19 | Novel airborne antenna to 5G networking unmanned aerial vehicle CPE |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN114284682A (en) |
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2021
- 2021-11-19 CN CN202111402037.3A patent/CN114284682A/en active Pending
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