CN114268149B - Battery quick charge control method, system and battery quick charge control method - Google Patents
Battery quick charge control method, system and battery quick charge control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a battery quick charge control method, a system and a battery quick charge control method, wherein the charge control system comprises a phase change area activation stage, a high-efficiency charge stage and a negative electrode protection stage; phase change region activation phase: charging by gradually increasing the charging current; high-efficiency charging stage: after the charging current is raised to the first target current, charging is performed in a mode of gradually reducing the charging current; and a negative electrode protection stage: after the charging current is reduced to the second target current, charging is performed by gradually reducing the charging current. The invention can effectively carry out strategy formulation on the quick charge process of the battery, effectively protect the battery, prevent the lithium from being separated out of the battery, and prolong the service life and improve the safety of the battery; the invention can prevent large polarization caused by using large current under the low SOC state, reduce the heat generation of the battery and prolong the service life of the battery; the invention can prevent lithium from separating out from the cathode under the high SOC state, and increase the use safety of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a battery quick charge control method, a system and a battery quick charge control method.
Background
The current lithium ion battery products are increasing in energy density, and meanwhile, the requirements of people on improving the quick charge capacity of the lithium ion battery are also increasing. The requirement for frequent use today is high-rate fast-charging in a fixed SOC interval, e.g. 2.5C, 3C, 4C and even higher, possibly going to 6C fast-charging products in the future.
However, the fast charging may bring about lithium precipitation risk, high heat generation and potential safety hazard, so it is important to formulate an effective charging strategy for the fast-charging battery.
The prior art generally adopts a mode of gradually reducing current in a step-like manner in a full SOC interval. The method does not consider the structural influence and the limitation of the diffusion capacity of the material in the low SOC state, and also does not consider the large polarization possibly caused by large current in the low SOC state, so that the potential of the negative electrode is reduced to the lithium precipitation potential in the subsequent charging process.
In patent document CN104795865a, a fast charge controller and a control method for a storage battery are disclosed, wherein a hardware controller includes a primary loop and a secondary loop, the primary loop and the secondary loop are respectively connected through a primary winding LP and a secondary winding LS of a transformer T1, and the primary loop and the secondary loop are respectively composed of a filter/energy storage circuit, an electronic switching tube and a diode. The control method fuses a PI regulation method to carry out quick charge on the storage battery, namely, a current loop and a voltage loop formed by PI regulation facilities are used for regulation and control: firstly, constant-current charging regulation and control are carried out on the storage battery quick charging device through a current loop, when the voltage of the storage battery rises to the standard open-circuit voltage, the charging regulation and control of the current loop are finished, and then the constant-voltage charging regulation and control are carried out on the storage battery quick charging device through a voltage loop formed by PI regulation and control facilities, so that the aim of quick charging is achieved.
In view of the above related art, a technical solution is needed to improve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a battery quick charge control method, a system and a battery quick charge control method.
According to the battery quick charge control method provided by the invention, the charge control system comprises a phase change area activation stage, a high-efficiency charge stage and a negative electrode protection stage;
phase change region activation phase: charging by gradually increasing the charging current;
high-efficiency charging stage: after the charging current is raised to the first target current, charging is performed in a mode of gradually reducing the charging current;
and a negative electrode protection stage: after the charging current is reduced to the second target current, charging is performed by gradually reducing the charging current.
Preferably, the activation phase of the phase change region is 0-30% SOC, the efficient charge phase is 30-80% SOC, and the negative electrode protection phase is 80-100% SOC.
Preferably, the charging current is determined for a lithium precipitation safety potential that characterizes the negative electrode in combination with a diffusion capability and a reference electrode.
Preferably, the lithium separation safety potential comprises 30mV.
The invention also provides a battery quick charge control system, which comprises a phase change area activation stage, a high-efficiency charge stage and a negative electrode protection stage;
phase change region activation phase: charging by gradually increasing the charging current;
high-efficiency charging stage: after the charging current is raised to the first target current, charging is performed in a mode of gradually reducing the charging current;
and a negative electrode protection stage: after the charging current is reduced to the second target current, charging is performed by gradually reducing the charging current.
Preferably, the activation phase of the phase change region is 0-30% SOC, the efficient charge phase is 30-80% SOC, and the negative electrode protection phase is 80-100% SOC.
Preferably, the charging current is determined for a lithium precipitation safety potential that characterizes the negative electrode in combination with a diffusion capability and a reference electrode.
Preferably, the lithium separation safety potential comprises 30mV.
The invention also provides a battery quick charge method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: determining a charging bottleneck according to the ion diffusion capacity of the anode material and the cathode material of the battery;
step S2: combining the diffusion capacity and the charging capacity, and respectively setting a plurality of groups of different charging parameters for a plurality of sections of charging periods;
step S3: standing between charging to recover the battery voltage to the regulated voltage, wherein the standing refers to the standing between every two sections of current;
step S4: the method for charging the battery by using different charging parameters until the battery voltage reaches the preset charging cut-off voltage adopts the battery quick charge control method according to claim 1.
Preferably, the step S1 includes: determining a charging current used by combining the diffusion capacity and a lithium-precipitation safety potential of the reference electrode characterization negative electrode; the lithium separation safety potential comprises 30mV.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can effectively carry out strategy formulation on the quick charge process of the battery, effectively protect the battery, prevent the lithium from being separated out of the battery, and prolong the service life and improve the safety of the battery;
2. the invention can prevent large polarization caused by using large current under the low SOC state, reduce the heat generation of the battery and prolong the service life of the battery;
3. the invention can prevent lithium from separating out from the cathode under the high SOC state, and increase the use safety of the battery.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of solid phase diffusion capacity (left y-axis) versus DC resistance (right y-axis) of a positive electrode material in different SOC states;
FIG. 3 is a graph of voltage (left y-axis) versus specific capacity (lower x-axis) data for a graphite anode material during the lithium intercalation phase, and corresponding graph of solid phase diffusion capacity (right y-axis) at different SOC states (upper x-axis);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the charge current variation corresponding to different phases of the material;
fig. 5 is a charge current diagram for determining and determining an efficient charge phase using a three electrode method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Based on the above problems in the background art, an object of the present invention is to provide a more efficient and safer fast charging strategy for a full SOC interval. Considering that the charge constraint factor of the material in the low SOC state is mainly positive electrode, the diffusion capacity of the positive electrode is poor and the impedance is high. The cathode in the high SOC state is poor in diffusion, large polarization is easy to cause, lithium precipitation risk is caused, diffusion capacity calculation and representation of lithium precipitation potential of a reference electrode are synchronously adopted, quick charge capacity of the battery is represented and limited, the electrochemical system of the whole battery is effectively protected while the quick charge capacity is realized, and the safety of the battery is improved.
Charging is divided into three phases: the phase change region activation phase, the high-efficiency charging phase and the negative electrode protection phase. The charging stage of the whole battery adopts the SOC state as the standard, the target capacity is calculated according to time and current, and the charging strategy is formulated by combining the diffusion coefficients of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
The phase change area stage adopts a mode that the current is gradually increased in the whole stage when the charging current of the former stage is smaller than that of the latter stage.
The current is quickly increased to the target current In the efficient charging stage, and a gradual current-reducing mode can be adopted, namely, the charging current of the last time is smaller than the charging current of the previous time.
The range of current amplitudes, which are typically either increased or decreased, is not limited and is primarily adjusted based on 2 factors: making and adjusting according to the intra-stage charging time limit of the product requirement; the lithium precipitation risk of the negative electrode, namely the lithium intercalation potential of the negative electrode and the diffusion capability of the material need to be considered, and the lithium intercalation potential can be determined by a three-electrode method.
Firstly, the current of the phase change area is increased, the diffusion capacity of the material is considered, the current is not greatly increased, the current of the last time is mainly ensured to be larger than the current of the previous time, and the current is gradually increased.
Then, in the efficient charging phase, the charging time limit and the lithium precipitation risk of the phase are mainly considered, and the current of the last time is definitely smaller than the current of the previous time, and the amplitude is calculated according to the charging time limit and the lithium precipitation risk.
Finally, in the negative electrode protection stage, the current reduction amplitude is obvious, and the negative electrode lithium precipitation is mainly prevented, so that the current reduction is obvious.
The actual current change amplitude is relatively close to the current change at each end in fig. 4. But the magnitude of the current change in the phase change region in fig. 4 is somewhat pronounced and may not actually change so much.
The negative electrode protection stage rapidly reduces the current below the target current, and adopts a gradual current reduction mode, namely the charging current of the last time is smaller than the charging current of the previous time. In combination with the data of the reference electrode, the current is formulated to protect the negative electrode and prevent lithium precipitation in the charged state.
Firstly, the full SOC diffusion capacity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is tested, and the fact that the diffusion capacity of the positive electrode is poor in a low SOC state can be seen, so that the impedance of the low SOC state battery is high, and the low SOC state battery becomes a main limiting factor for charging. Therefore, a charging mode of gradually increasing current is adopted in a low SOC state, which is called a phase change region activation stage, and the charging mode can be in a 0-40% SOC region, wherein the optimal selection is 0-30% SOC, so that the material can pass through a stage with poor diffusion capability.
And then the high-efficiency charging stage is carried out, the optimal selection is 30-80% SOC, and in the interval, the diffusion of the anode is greatly improved, and the impedance of the battery is reduced, so that the current can be greatly improved for charging. However, as SOC increases, the limiting factor of charging becomes the diffusion capacity and lithium precipitation risk of the negative electrode, so that a corresponding strategy needs to be formulated for the battery according to the diffusion and lithium precipitation potential of the negative electrode. Therefore, in the efficient charging stage and the negative electrode protection stage, the charging is performed in a gradually-down-flow mode. The last charging current is smaller than the previous charging current, the current value used is determined by combining the diffusion capacity and the lithium-precipitation safety potential of the reference electrode characterization negative electrode, and the lithium-precipitation safety potential is optimally selected to be 30mV.
Finally, entering a negative electrode protection stage, wherein the optimal selection is 80-100% SOC, the diffusion capacity of the negative electrode is low in the interval, and the determination of the current mainly ensures that the battery cannot cause lithium precipitation in the charging process according to the negative electrode-reference potential, namely the potential cannot be reduced to below 30mV.
With this embodiment, the fast charging process of the battery is the charging process of gradually increasing the current and then gradually decreasing the current in fig. 3.
Accordingly, battery control systems and protection systems that use this fast charge strategy are also required to be included.
The invention also provides a battery quick charge method, which comprises the following steps: step S1: determining a charging bottleneck according to the ion diffusion capacity of the anode material and the cathode material of the battery; determining a charging current used by combining the diffusion capacity and a lithium-precipitation safety potential of the reference electrode characterization negative electrode; the lithium separation safety potential comprises 30mV.
Step S2: combining the diffusion capacity and the charging capacity, and respectively setting a plurality of groups of different charging parameters for a plurality of sections of charging periods; step S3: standing between charging to recover the battery voltage to the regulated voltage, wherein the standing refers to the standing between every two sections of current; step S4: the method for charging the battery by using different charging parameters until the battery voltage reaches the preset charging cut-off voltage adopts the battery quick charge control method according to claim 1.
The invention can effectively carry out strategy formulation on the quick charge process of the battery, effectively protect the battery, prevent the lithium from being separated out of the battery, and prolong the service life and improve the safety of the battery; the high polarization caused by the use of high current can be prevented under the low SOC state, the heat generation of the battery is reduced, and the service life of the battery is prolonged; under the high SOC state, the lithium precipitation of the negative electrode can be prevented, and the use safety of the battery is improved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention provides a system and its individual devices, modules, units, etc. that can be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps, in addition to being implemented as pure computer readable program code, in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units for realizing various functions included in the system can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, and units for implementing the various functions may also be considered as either software modules for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (8)
1. The battery quick charge control method is characterized in that the charge control system comprises a phase change area activation stage, a high-efficiency charge stage and a negative electrode protection stage;
phase change region activation phase: charging by gradually increasing the charging current;
high-efficiency charging stage: after the charging current is raised to the first target current, charging is performed in a mode of gradually reducing the charging current;
and a negative electrode protection stage: after the charging current is reduced to the second target current, charging is performed in a mode of gradually reducing the charging current;
the charging current is obtained by determining the lithium precipitation safety potential of the cathode by combining the diffusion capacity and the reference electrode characterization.
2. The battery fast charge control method according to claim 1, wherein the phase change region activation phase is 0-30% soc, the efficient charge phase is 30-80% soc, and the negative electrode protection phase is 80-100% soc.
3. The battery quick charge control method according to claim 1, wherein the lithium separation safety potential comprises 30mV.
4. The battery quick charge control system is characterized by comprising a phase change area activation stage, a high-efficiency charge stage and a negative electrode protection stage;
phase change region activation phase: charging by gradually increasing the charging current;
high-efficiency charging stage: after the charging current is raised to the first target current, charging is performed in a mode of gradually reducing the charging current;
and a negative electrode protection stage: after the charging current is reduced to the second target current, charging is performed in a mode of gradually reducing the charging current;
the charging current is obtained by determining the lithium precipitation safety potential of the cathode by combining the diffusion capacity and the reference electrode characterization.
5. The battery fast charge control system of claim 4, wherein the phase change region activation phase is 0-30% soc, the efficient charge phase is 30-80% soc, and the negative protection phase is 80-100% soc.
6. The battery fast charge control system of claim 4, wherein the lithium separation safety potential comprises 30mV.
7. A method for rapidly charging a battery, the method comprising the steps of:
step S1: determining a charging bottleneck according to ion diffusion capacities of positive and negative electrode materials of the battery, and determining a charging current used by combining the diffusion capacities and a lithium precipitation safety potential of a reference electrode characterization negative electrode;
step S2: combining the diffusion capacity and the charging capacity, and respectively setting a plurality of groups of different charging parameters for a plurality of sections of charging periods;
step S3: standing between charging to recover the battery voltage to the regulated voltage; the standing refers to standing between every two sections of current;
step S4: the method for charging the battery by using different charging parameters until the battery voltage reaches the preset charging cut-off voltage adopts the battery quick charge control method according to claim 1.
8. The battery quick charge method according to claim 7, wherein the lithium separation safety potential comprises 30mV.
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