CN114263294A - Assembled cold-formed light steel keel frame structure and assembly thereof - Google Patents
Assembled cold-formed light steel keel frame structure and assembly thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to an assembly type cold-formed light steel keel frame structure and an assembly thereof, wherein a keel frame structure is formed by a ceiling keel, a ground keel, vertical keels and keel connecting pieces, an inclined support is arranged between the adjacent vertical keels at the end part of a wall body, each keel is an opening cold-formed section with an omega-shaped section, each keel connecting piece comprises a rectangular pipe body and an end plate, and the rectangular pipe bodies and the end plates can be inserted into the openings of the keels and connected through bolts, so that the assembly type cold-formed light steel keel frame structure is convenient to disassemble, materials can be recycled, the manufacturing efficiency and the installation efficiency are greatly improved under the condition that the rigidity of the keel frame structure is ensured, and the cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of buildings, in particular to an assembly type cold-bending light steel keel frame structure and an assembly thereof.
Background
The existing main flow keel mainly comprises a light steel keel and a welded square tube keel, wherein the light steel keel is simple in structure, but structural connection nodes are weak, self-tapping screws are conventionally adopted for connection, the flatness of the surface is influenced, and the integral rigidity of a wall body and the stable strength of the keel can be achieved only after the panel is fixed well at the later stage; the square tube keel partition wall has good strength, but the construction process of the square tube keel partition wall needs welding, and after the welding is finished, corrosion prevention treatment is needed, although the strength is ensured, the process is complex, the requirement on technicians is high, and the flatness of the square tube keel partition wall can be affected after the square tube keel partition wall is heated and deformed because the square tube needs welding; the two structural forms are inconvenient to disassemble after the installation is finished, and the materials can not be reused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an assembly type cold-formed light steel keel frame structure and an assembly thereof, wherein the assembly type cold-formed light steel keel frame structure is connected by bolts, is convenient to disassemble, can be repeatedly used, can fully ensure the flatness of the surface by a special section structure, and is quick and convenient to assemble, reliable in quality and good in performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an assembly type cold-bending light steel keel frame structure and components thereof, which comprises a ceiling keel, a ground keel, a vertical keel and a keel connecting piece, the vertical keel, the ceiling keel and the ground keel are all open cold-bent sections which are manufactured by adopting a light steel precision cold rolling process and have omega-shaped cross sections, and each open cold-bent section consists of a top plane, convex surfaces, inclined surfaces, concave surfaces and short fins on two sides of the top plane, the top plane and the concave surfaces at the two sides are provided with connecting holes with modulization intervals along the length direction of the keel, the vertical keels are arranged according to a certain direction and interval, keel connecting pieces are respectively arranged at the two ends of the vertical keels, the notches of the top keel and the ground keel are respectively buckled on the keel connecting pieces at the upper end and the lower end of the vertical keel, the keel frame structure is formed by the ceiling keel, the ground keel, the vertical keels and the keel connecting pieces through bolt connection, and inclined supports are connected between the adjacent vertical keels at the end parts of the keel frame structure.
Further, the fossil fragments connecting piece includes rectangle body and end plate, and the end plate is fixed in rectangle body one end, and it has the connecting hole to open on four sides of rectangle body and end plate to correspond with the connecting hole on the fossil fragments, during the equipment, in the rectangle body of fossil fragments connecting piece inserted the notch of perpendicular fossil fragments tip, the end plate inserted in the notch of sky fossil fragments and ground fossil fragments, aligns the connecting hole on the fossil fragments connecting piece and on each fossil fragments, screws up the bolt and realizes the high-speed joint of sky, ground fossil fragments and perpendicular fossil fragments, constitutes fossil fragments frame construction.
Furthermore, the concave surface enables grooves to be formed in two sides of the keel, and the bolt is connected with the keel connecting piece in the groove of the keel, so that the bolt is guaranteed not to protrude out of the plane of the keel framework.
Furthermore, the cross section of the keel is in a bilaterally symmetrical omega shape, namely, the convex surface, the inclined surface, the concave surface and the short fin on two sides of the top plane are symmetrically distributed, or the cross section of the keel is in an asymmetrical omega shape, and the short fin on one side is lengthened to form the long fin keel.
Further, the short fins are parallel to the top plane.
Furthermore, the inclined support is C-shaped cold-formed steel, a rectangular pipe or angle steel, connecting holes are formed in two ends of the inclined support, the inclined support is inserted into keel grooves between adjacent vertical keels on the end portion of the keel frame structure and is connected with the keels through bolts, and the keel frame structure with certain horizontal rigidity is formed.
Further, keel frame structure's end connection has the wall end connecting piece, the wall end connecting piece comprises three rectangular pipe concatenation, including be used for with the body one that day fossil fragments or ground fossil fragments are connected, be used for with the body two that perpendicular fossil fragments are connected and be used for realizing keel frame structure horizontally connect's body three, wherein, body one, body two mutually perpendicular sets up, body three nestification is in body one outside, all seted up a plurality of connecting holes on body one, body two, the body three, the constant head tank has still been seted up on the body three for location when keel frame structure vertical direction is connected.
When carrying out the horizontal direction between the keel frame structure and connecting, align three body of the wall end connecting piece of adjacent keel frame structure tip and connect with the bolt.
Furthermore, when the keel frame structures are connected in the vertical direction, the bottom keel frame structures and the ground foundation are fixed through foundation bolts, positioning grooves in the third wall end connecting piece pipe bodies at the end parts of the upper keel frame structure and the lower keel frame structure assist in positioning and aligning, connecting holes of the keel connecting pieces in the upper keel frame structure and the lower keel frame structure are aligned and then connected through bolts, and the connection of the keel frame structures in the vertical direction is achieved.
Furthermore, the foundation bolts are installed on end plates of the keel connecting pieces at the lower ends of the vertical keels in the bottom keel frame structure and inserted into the reserved holes of the foundation and filled with grouting materials in the holes, so that the foundation is fixed.
Furthermore, lightweight concrete is filled in the keel frame to form a wall body separation function, and the horizontal rigidity of the wall body is enhanced.
Advantageous effects
1. The keel is made by adopting a light steel precision cold rolling process, the section of the opening cold-bending section is in an omega shape, connecting holes with modulization intervals are arranged in the top surface and the inner concave surface, the assembly and the assembly are carried out through bolt connection, the disassembly is convenient, the material can be recycled, and the bolt is positioned in the inner concave surface of the side surface of the keel, so that the integral smoothness of the keel framework is not influenced.
2. The invention adopts bolt connection without any welding, avoids material deformation caused by welding and influence of field corrosion resistance on the environment, and also avoids the defects of non-detachability, incapability of being remounted and reused and influence of the tapping screw on the plane of the keel framework, which are caused by the connecting form of the tapping screw or the riveting hole.
3. The keel frame structures are connected by adopting the wall end connecting pieces, the wall end connecting pieces are arranged on the top keel, the bottom keel and the vertical keel at the end parts of the keel frame structures and are connected by bolts and are provided with positioning grooves, so that the positioning is convenient, the wall end connecting pieces are wrapped in the wall after the wall is assembled and are positioned in a plane with the wall, and the connection mode can ensure that the connection between the walls is tighter.
4. According to the keel structure with the omega-shaped cross section, the keel connecting piece with a proper structure is designed, the keel connecting piece can be inserted into the notch of the keel and connected through the bolt, the keel framework assembly type assembly similar to the mortise-tenon insertion connection type assembly is realized, the framework assembly process is simplified, the installation time is greatly shortened, the manufacturing and installation efficiency is improved, the keel structure can be disassembled and reused after being installed, the labor cost is saved, and a solid foundation is laid for building industrialization.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a keel frame construction of the invention;
figure 2 is a schematic view of the keel structure of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 1;
figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the keel connector of figure 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the connector of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the building assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial schematic view at I of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial schematic view at II of FIG. 6;
reference numerals: 1-day keel; 2, keel; 3, erecting keels; 4, keel connecting pieces; 5, a rectangular pipe body; 6, end plates; 7, obliquely supporting; 8 floor connecting pieces, 9 foundation bolts, 10 wall end connecting pieces, 11 pipe bodies I, 12 pipe bodies II, 13 pipe bodies III and 14 positioning grooves.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
As shown in figure 1, the assembled cold-formed light steel keel frame structure and the assembly thereof are characterized in that a keel frame structure is formed by a ceiling keel 1, a ground keel 2 and vertical keels 3 fixedly connected with the ceiling keel 1 and the ground keel 2, and inclined supports 7 are arranged between the adjacent vertical keels 3 at the end parts of a wall body and used for enhancing the transverse rigidity of the keel frame structure and the buckling strength of the vertical keels.
As shown in fig. 2, the vertical keel 3, the skullage 1 and the ground keel 2 are both open cold-bent sections with omega-shaped cross sections, and are composed of a top plane a, and a convex surface, an inclined surface, an inner concave surface B and short fins which are sequentially connected with two sides of the top plane, when the short fins on two sides of the top plane a are symmetrically arranged, the short fins are called short-fin keels as shown in fig. 2 (a), and the short fins on one side are lengthened to form a structure as shown in fig. 2 (B), which is called long-fin keels and is generally used in an outer wall structure.
In order to realize that the bolt at the connecting node does not protrude out of the keel framework plane, the keel is provided with connecting holes at modular intervals in grooves at the omega-shaped top and two sides, namely the connecting holes at the modular intervals are arranged on the keel top plane A and the concave surfaces B at the two sides along the length of the keel, the bolt is connected with a connecting piece in the groove of the keel, and the connecting bolt is guaranteed not to protrude out of the keel framework plane so as to avoid the influence on the installation of an external facing.
The inclined support 7 is C-shaped cold-formed steel or a rectangular pipe or angle steel, connecting holes are formed in two ends of the inclined support, the inclined support is inserted into a keel groove between adjacent vertical keels 3 at the end part of the wall body and is connected with the keels through bolts to form a keel frame structure with certain horizontal rigidity, and light concrete is filled in the keel frame to form a wall body separation function and enhance the horizontal rigidity of the wall body.
As shown in fig. 3-4, be provided with the fossil fragments connecting piece 4 that uses the bolt fastening in the handing-over department of sky fossil fragments 1, ground keel 2 and vertical keel 3, fossil fragments connecting piece 4 is formed by rectangular pipe and steel sheet welding, and fossil fragments connecting piece 4 can insert the inslot of fossil fragments, fixes fossil fragments connecting piece 4 on fossil fragments with the bolt, connects into the frame through fossil fragments connecting piece 4 sky fossil fragments 1, ground keel 2 and vertical keel 3.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5 (a), fossil fragments connecting piece 4 is shaping weldment or precision casting spare, including rectangle body 5 and end plate 6, be equipped with the connecting hole that corresponds with the connecting hole that presets on the fossil fragments in five directions, during the equipment fossil fragments frame construction, fossil fragments connecting piece 4 is respectively adorned at vertical keel 3 both ends to link to each other with the rectangle body 5 of fossil fragments connecting piece 4, it is continuous with the end plate 6 of 3 both ends fossil fragments connecting piece 4 of vertical keel 1, ground fossil fragments 2 respectively, the rectangle body 5 of fossil fragments connecting piece 4 inserts in the notch of lower extreme on the vertical keel 3, the end plate 6 of fossil fragments connecting piece 4 inserts in the notch of sky fossil fragments 1, ground fossil fragments 2, aligns the connecting hole on fossil fragments connecting piece 4 and the fossil fragments, screws up the bolt and realizes the quick connect into fossil fragments frame of day, ground fossil fragments and vertical keel 3.
The house structure assembled by using the keel frame structure is shown in fig. 6, in order to realize the connection between the keel frame structures in the horizontal direction, the end part of the keel frame structure is provided with a wall end connecting piece 10, as shown in fig. 5 (c) and 5 (d), the wall end connecting piece 10 is formed by splicing three rectangular pipes and comprises a pipe body I11 connected with a ceiling keel or a floor keel, a pipe body II 12 connected with a vertical keel and a pipe body III 13 used for realizing the horizontal connection of the keel frame structure, wherein the pipe body I11 and the pipe body II 12 are vertically arranged, the pipe body III 13 is embedded outside the pipe body I11 and is consistent with the pipe body II 12 in direction, and a plurality of connecting holes are formed in the pipe body I11, the pipe body II 12 and the pipe body III 13; when the keel frame structure is assembled, as shown in fig. 1, the second pipe body 12 of the wall end connecting piece 10 is inserted into the notch of the vertical keel 3 at the end part of the keel frame structure, and the first pipe body 11 is inserted into the notch of the ceiling keel 1 or the ground keel 2 and connected through bolts.
When the house structure is assembled, when the keel frame structures are connected in the horizontal direction, the corresponding connecting surfaces of the three pipe bodies 13 of the wall end connecting piece 10 at the end part of one keel frame structure and the three pipe bodies 13 of the wall end connecting piece 10 at the end part of the other keel frame structure are aligned and connected by bolts, as shown in fig. 6, the required horizontal direction connection can be completed, the connection comprises a straight connection, a T-shaped connection, a corner connection and the like, fig. 7 and 8 respectively show local enlarged images of two horizontal connections in the house assembling structure of fig. 6, and the horizontal connections between the keel frame structures on the same layer form a combined wall structure.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, a plurality of floor slab connectors 8 are further connected to the top end of the keel frame 1 for pressing and fixing a floor slab (not shown); specifically, the floor slab connection member 8 is a U-shaped connection member, as shown in fig. 5 (b).
When a keel framework (a keel frame structure) is connected in the vertical direction, an anchor bolt 9 is arranged on an end plate 6 of a keel connecting piece 4 at the lower end of a vertical keel 3 of the keel frame structure, the anchor bolt 9 is inserted into a reserved hole of a foundation and grouting material is filled in the hole, so that the keel frame structure and the foundation are fixed; still be equipped with constant head tank 14 on three 13 of body of wall end connecting piece 10, the wall end connecting piece 10 constant head tank 14 opening of skully keel 1 department is placed up, the wall end connecting piece 10 constant head tank 14 opening of ground keel 2 department is placed down, can assist through corresponding frock and constant head tank 14 and realize that upper and lower two-layer keel frame structure's location aligns, keel frame structure's skully keel 1 aligns with another keel frame structure's in upper portion ground keel 2, connect keel connecting piece 4 on the vertical keel of upper and lower keel frame structure through the bolt, realize keel frame structure is connected with the vertical direction of another keel frame structure in upper portion.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the assembled cold-formed light steel keel structure and the assembly thereof are characterized in that keel connecting pieces 4 are arranged at two ends of a vertical keel 3 and are fixedly connected through bolts, a plurality of vertical keels 3 are arranged, and the keel connecting pieces 4 at two ends of the vertical keel are respectively inserted into mounting grooves of a ceiling keel 1 and a ground keel 2 and are fixed through bolts to form a keel frame structure; between two vertical keels 3 of keel frame structure tip, installation bearing diagonal 7, bearing diagonal 7 is connected with through bolt and day, ground keel and vertical keel 3 in keel notch, improves the horizontal rigidity in the keel frame plane.
The cross-sectional shape of the keel of the invention has two types: one is symmetrical omega-shaped in cross section, as shown in fig. 2 (a), composed of a top plane a, convex surfaces, inclined surfaces, concave surfaces B and short fins on two sides, and is called a short fin keel, and the other is a structure that the short fins on one side are lengthened on the basis of the omega-shaped, as shown in fig. 2 (B), is called a long fin keel.
When assembling the keel frame structure, firstly, the rectangular tube body 5 of the keel connecting piece 4 is arranged at two ends of the vertical keel 3 and connected together by bolts, the vertical keels 3 with a plurality of numbers are arranged according to the design positions and the direction of the notches, the notches of the ceiling keel 1 and the ground keel 2 are respectively buckled on the end plates 6 of the keel connecting piece 4 at the upper end and the lower end of the vertical keel 3 and are fixedly connected by fastening bolts, as shown in figure 1.
The ends of the keel frame structures are also connected with wall end connectors 10 for horizontal connection and vertical alignment between the keel frame structures.
The keel frame structure is further assembled into a room structure as shown in figure 6 by horizontal and vertical connections.
When a plurality of keel skeletons (namely keel frame structures) on the same layer are installed, firstly hoisting the keel skeletons in place, aligning the lateral connecting holes of the pipe body III 13 of the wall end connecting piece 10 on the vertical keel 3 at the end part of the keel skeleton with the lateral connecting holes of the pipe body III 13 of the wall end connecting piece 10 at the end part of another keel skeleton, threading bolts for screwing and fixing, and performing the same procedures as other keel skeletons.
After the assembly of each layer of keel frame structure is completed, a floor slab is placed on the top, and the top end of the skulls 1 of the keel frame structure is connected with a plurality of floor slab connecting pieces 8 for compressing and fixing the floor slab (not shown in the figure).
When the upper keel framework and the lower keel framework are connected and installed, the bottom keel framework is fixed with the ground foundation through the foundation bolts 9, the upper keel framework is directly hoisted in place, auxiliary positioning is carried out through the positioning grooves 14, the keel framework is aligned with the connecting holes of the keel connecting piece 4, the keel framework falls in place, and the bolts are fastened, so that the upper keel framework and the lower keel framework are connected and fixed.
The keel is made by adopting a light steel precision cold rolling process, is a cold-bending opening section, realizes the assembly and the assembly of the keel framework in a manner similar to mortise-tenon plug connection through the keel connecting piece designed in a matching way, can improve the assembly efficiency, saves the material cost and the labor cost, is assembled and installed in a bolt connection way, is convenient to disassemble and can recycle materials, and the bolt is positioned in the groove on the side surface of the keel, does not influence the plane of the keel framework, and greatly improves the smoothness of the keel framework.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an assembled clod wash light gauge steel frame construction and subassembly thereof, includes sky fossil fragments (1), ground fossil fragments (2), erects fossil fragments (3) and fossil fragments connecting piece (4), its characterized in that: the vertical keel (3), the ceiling keel (1) and the ground keel (2) are all open cold-bent sections which are manufactured by adopting a light steel precision cold rolling process and have omega-shaped cross sections, and each open cold-bent section consists of a top plane, convex surfaces, inclined surfaces, concave surfaces and short fins on two sides of the top plane, the top plane and the concave surfaces at the two sides are provided with connecting holes with modulization intervals along the length direction of the keel, the vertical keels (3) are arranged according to a certain direction and interval, keel connecting pieces (4) are respectively arranged at the two ends of the vertical keels (3), notches of the ceiling keel (1) and the ground keel (2) are respectively buckled on the keel connecting pieces (4) at the upper end and the lower end of the vertical keel (3), the ceiling keel (1), the ground keel (2), the vertical keel (3) and the keel connecting piece (4) are connected by bolts to form a keel frame structure, an inclined support (7) is connected between the adjacent vertical keels (3) at the end part of the keel frame structure.
2. The assembled cold-formed light steel keel frame structure and the assembly thereof of claim 1, wherein the keel connecting piece (4) comprises a rectangular tube body (5) and an end plate (6), the end plate (6) is fixed at one end of the rectangular tube (5), connecting holes are formed in four sides of the rectangular tube body (5) and the end plate (6) and correspond to the connecting holes in the keel, during assembly, the rectangular tube body (5) of the keel connecting piece (4) is inserted into the groove at the end part of the vertical keel (3), the end plate (6) is inserted into the grooves of the top keel (1) and the ground keel (2), the connecting holes in the keel connecting piece (4) and the connecting holes in each keel are aligned, and the bolts are screwed to realize the quick connection of the top keel and the ground keel and the vertical keel (3) so as to form the keel frame structure.
3. An assembled cold-formed light gauge steel frame structure and its components as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inner concave surface forms grooves on both sides of the keel, and the bolts are connected with the keel connectors (4) in the grooves of the keel to ensure that the bolts do not protrude out of the plane of the keel frame.
4. An assembled cold-formed light gauge steel frame structure and its components as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the keel is left-right symmetrical "omega" in shape, i.e. the convex surface, the inclined surface, the concave surface and the short fins on both sides of the top plane are symmetrically distributed, or the cross-section of the keel is asymmetrical "omega" in shape, and the long-fin keel is formed by lengthening the short fins on one side.
5. The fabricated cold-formed light gauge steel frame structure and its components as claimed in claim 1, wherein the angle brace (7) is C-shaped cold-formed steel, rectangular pipe or angle steel, and has connecting holes at both ends, and is inserted into the keel groove between the adjacent vertical keels (3) at the end of the keel frame structure, and is connected with the keels by bolts, to form a keel frame structure with a certain level of rigidity.
6. The assembly type cold-formed light steel keel frame structure and the components thereof according to claim 1, wherein the end of the keel frame structure is connected with a wall end connector (10), the wall end connector (10) is formed by splicing three rectangular tubes and comprises a first tube body (11) connected with a ceiling keel or a floor keel, a second tube body (12) connected with a vertical keel and a third tube body (13) used for realizing horizontal connection of the keel frame structure, wherein the first tube body (11) and the second tube body (12) are perpendicular to each other, the third tube body (13) is nested outside the first tube body (11), the second tube body (12) and the third tube body (13) are respectively provided with a plurality of connecting holes, and the third tube body (13) is further provided with a positioning groove (14) for positioning when the keel frame structure is connected in the vertical direction.
7. An assembled cold-formed light gauge steel framework and its components as claimed in claim 6, wherein the horizontal connections between the framing structures are made by aligning and bolting the third (13) of the wall end connectors (10) at the ends of adjacent framing structures.
8. The assembly type cold-formed light steel keel frame structure and the assembly thereof according to claim 6, wherein when the keel frame structures are connected in the vertical direction, the bottom keel frame structure and the ground foundation are fixed through foundation bolts (9), positioning and alignment are assisted through positioning grooves (14) in three (13) of the pipe body of the wall end connecting piece (10) at the end part of the upper keel frame structure and the lower keel frame structure, and the connecting holes of the keel connecting pieces (4) in the upper keel frame structure and the lower keel frame structure are aligned and then connected through bolts, so that the keel frame structures are connected in the vertical direction.
9. The fabricated light gauge steel frame structure and the components thereof according to claim 8, wherein the anchor bolts (9) are installed on the end plates (6) of the keel connecting pieces (4) at the lower ends of the vertical keels (3) in the bottom keel frame structure, and the anchor bolts (9) are inserted into the reserved holes of the foundation and filled with grouting material to realize fixation with the foundation.
10. The fabricated cold-formed light gauge steel framework structure and its components of claim 1, wherein the light concrete is filled in the framework to form a wall partition function and enhance the horizontal rigidity of the wall.
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Cited By (1)
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CN115387511A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Quickly-assembled multi-cavity concrete filled steel tube shear wall |
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CN102995790A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-27 | 武汉理工大学 | Capped steel keel and light concrete combined wall |
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