CN114262633B - High-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal device and method - Google Patents
High-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal device and a method, wherein a pipeline gravity dust remover in the device comprises a gas inlet connected with a gas outlet of a reactor, a gas outlet connected with a secondary dust remover, and a dust outlet connected with a primary dust cabin, wherein inclined flow channels are arranged between the gas inlet and the dust outlet and between the gas outlet and the dust outlet, and dust particles fall to the dust outlet by virtue of gravity after inertial force and collision in the inclined flow channels; an ash discharge valve is arranged between the ash discharge port and the primary ash bin; the secondary dust remover is used for secondarily removing dust of gas flowing in from a gas outlet of the pipeline impulse dust remover, and a dust discharge outlet is connected with the secondary dust cabin through a dust discharge valve; the first-level ash cabin and the second-level ash cabin are used for temporarily storing dust particles, and the outlets of the first-level ash cabin and the second-level ash cabin are connected into the reactor through an ash discharge valve; the steam buffer tank is used for passing hot steam into the pipeline gravity dust remover and the secondary dust remover and is used for purging regularly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dust removal and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device.
Background
The high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas is widely applied to a plurality of industrial production lines, such as pyrolysis gasification of coal pyrolysis upgrading, biomass, sludge, organic solid waste and the like, coking process of steel plants, and process of household garbage pyrolysis power generation and the like.
The pyrolysis gas temperature is high, generally 300-600 ℃, and the dust content is as high as hundreds of grams per Nm 3 . The pyrolysis gas has complex components and contains CO 2 、CO、H 2 、CH 4 、C 2 H 4 、C 3 H 6 、H 2 O, numerous complex macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and tars.
The dust removal of pyrolysis gas needs to be carried out in a high-temperature environment, and when the pyrolysis gas is cooled and condensed, dust is concentrated in pyrolysis oil, so that separation of tar and dust is very difficult. Pyrolysis coke breeze and pyrolysis oil gas have an unsatisfactory high-temperature online separation effect, and finally the solid content in the coal tar is higher, so that the quality of oil products is poor. The prior art is difficult to realize the separation and purification of the dust-containing tar economically and effectively, the dust-containing tar has increased viscosity, poor fluidity and easy adhesion to the wall, and is extremely easy to cause the blockage of a conveying pipeline and equipment, the dust-containing tar also easily blocks a burner nozzle, the combustion stability is reduced, and the load stability of a hearth is further reduced.
"high temperature", "dust-containing", "tar-containing" are several difficulties faced by the current pyrolysis gas dust removal process. Cyclone dust collectors are widely used in the dust removal field, but the filtering precision is relatively coarse, so that the filtering of tiny dust is difficult to solve. The bag-type dust collector can realize finer filtration, but the bag temperature resistance is generally not more than 260 ℃, the bag burning phenomenon is easy to occur when the temperature is too high, and in order to ensure that the filter material is not damaged, the dust-containing gas needs to be cooled to meet the working requirement of the filter material. The pyrolysis gas contains volatile oil, and after the temperature is reduced, tar in the pyrolysis gas can be separated out to cause a 'paste bag', so that the filter material loses the filtering capability, equipment is blocked, and the tar can not be recycled.
The ceramic membrane dust remover solves the problem that the bag dust remover is not resistant to high temperature, but due to the material reason, the ceramic filter element has poor mechanical strength and poor thermal shock resistance, and the filter element is easy to fracture due to extrusion caused by ash accumulation and caking in a high-temperature environment due to the easy brittle fracture of the temperature fluctuation. Due to the high failure rate, the working instability adversely affects the stable operation of the subsequent pyrolysis gas treatment facilities. The service life is shorter, and the filter core replacement frequency is higher. Meanwhile, the ceramic filter element is high in price, so that the operation cost of the dust removal system is quite high.
In the process of adopting a cyclone dust collector as pre-dust removal, dust is easily accumulated and blocked at the inlet and outlet transverse pipe sections, so that the equipment is difficult to stably operate for a long time.
In summary, a dust removal method and device with high dust removal efficiency, high precision, high temperature resistance and reliable operation are urgent needs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: overcomes the defects in the prior art, provides a high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis gas dust removal process, and separates dust in the pyrolysis gas under a high-temperature environment to obtain clean pyrolysis gas.
The solution of the invention is as follows: a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal device comprises a reactor, a pipeline gravity dust remover, a secondary dust remover, a primary ash bin, a secondary ash bin and a steam buffer tank;
the pipeline gravity dust remover comprises a gas inlet connected with a gas outlet of the reactor, a gas outlet connected with the secondary dust remover, and an ash discharge port connected with the primary ash bin, wherein an inclined flow channel is arranged between the gas inlet and the ash discharge port and between the gas outlet and the ash discharge port, and the gas entering from the reactor outlet falls down to the ash discharge port under the action of inertia force and collision and gravity in the inclined flow channel; an ash discharge valve is arranged between the ash discharge port and the primary ash bin;
the secondary dust remover is used for secondarily removing dust of gas flowing in from a gas outlet of the pipeline impulse dust remover, and a dust discharge outlet is connected with the secondary dust cabin through a dust discharge valve;
the first-level ash cabin and the second-level ash cabin are used for temporarily storing dust particles, and the outlets of the first-level ash cabin and the second-level ash cabin are connected into the reactor through an ash discharge valve;
the steam buffer tank is used for passing hot steam into the pipeline gravity dust remover and the secondary dust remover and is used for purging regularly.
Preferably, a V-shaped flow channel is formed between the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the pipeline gravity dust collector, a vertically downward outlet flow channel is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped flow channel, the V-shaped flow channel and the outlet flow channel are equal-diameter circular pipe flow channels, and the diameter of the inlet pipeline at the front end of the gas inlet is smaller than that of the equal-diameter circular pipe.
Preferably, the upper wall surface of the inclined flow channel is provided with dust removing fins, the dust removing fins are staggered along the flow channel wall surface, namely, the projections of each fin in the axial direction are orderly arranged at a certain interval, and the projections in the radial direction do not overlap with each other.
Preferably, an outer jacket is arranged outside the pipeline gravity dust collector, and heat tracing and heat preservation are carried out on the pipeline gravity dust collector by taking high-temperature flue gas or superheated steam as a high-temperature medium.
Preferably, the secondary dust remover adopts an outer jacket type structure, and is structurally provided with a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet, a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet, a pyrolysis gas ash outlet, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and a flue gas ash outlet;
the metal filter bag tube bundles are arranged in the structure, and a pulse valve is arranged above each tube bundle; the gas to be purified enters from a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet, is discharged from a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet after being dedusted by an internally arranged metal filter bag tube bundle, and the removed ash is discharged from a pyrolysis gas ash outlet; the high-temperature medium enters the outer jacket layer from the flue gas inlet, is discharged from the flue gas outlet positioned on the outer jacket layer, and the ash in the high-temperature medium is settled and discharged from the flue gas ash outlet.
Preferably, the dust removal is realized by back blowing through a pulse valve by adopting superheated steam through a steam inlet of the secondary dust remover arranged on the structure.
Preferably, the steam temperature of the superheated steam is more than or equal to 400 ℃, and the steam pressure is 4-6Mpa.
Preferably, the pipeline gravity dust remover and the secondary dust remover are both provided with temperature control systems, and the temperature of the dust remover is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃ in the working process.
A high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method comprises the following steps:
preheating the system;
controlling the temperature of the pipeline gravity dust remover and the temperature of the secondary dust remover to be kept at a preset temperature;
carrying out inert gas replacement on the system to enable pyrolysis gas to be in an inert environment;
after the replacement is finished, controlling the system to start working;
and monitoring the material level heights in the first-level ash bin and the second-level ash bin, when the material level in the ash bin reaches the set high material level, closing an ash discharge valve of an outlet of the dust remover, controlling the ash in the corresponding ash bin to enter the reactor, opening the ash discharge valve of the outlet of the dust remover after ash discharge is finished, continuously collecting, and circularly reciprocating until the treatment is finished.
Preferably, the preheating temperature and the preset temperature are both more than or equal to 400 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can realize the high-efficiency dust removal of the organic solid waste pyrolysis gas at high temperature, and the dust content after treatment reaches 1-2mg/m 3 . The pipeline gravity dust remover adopts an inclined runner, so that pipeline blockage caused by adopting a horizontal transverse pipe is effectively avoided. The dust remover adopts a unique jacket type design, and the outer jacket is used for carrying out heat preservation and heat tracing on the dust remover through a high-temperature medium, so that tar is not precipitated and condensed in the working process, equipment and pipelines are prevented from being blocked due to precipitation of pyrolysis gas cooling tar, corrosion of the tar to the pipelines and the equipment is reduced, the stability and the safety of system operation are ensured, the problem that dust and tar are mixed and are difficult to separate is solved, and the available value of the pyrolysis gas and the tar is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method and apparatus for dedusting high temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a secondary dust collector of the present invention;
wherein, 1-reactor; 2-a pipeline gravity dust remover; 21-a pipeline gravity dust collector gas inlet; 22-a pipeline gravity dust remover gas outlet; 23-dust removing fins; 24-pipeline gravity dust collector steam inlet; 25-a jacket of the pipeline gravity dust remover; 26-a pipeline gravity dust collector temperature control system; 3-an ash discharge valve of the pipeline gravity dust remover; 4-a first-level ash bin; 5-a first-level ash bin level gauge; 6-a first-stage ash bin ash discharge valve; 7-a secondary dust remover; 8-a steam buffer tank; 9-an ash valve of the secondary dust remover; 10-a secondary ash bin; 11-a secondary ash bin level gauge; 12-a secondary ash bin ash discharge valve; 71-a high temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet; 72-a high temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet; 73-pyrolysis gas ash outlet; 74-a secondary dust collector steam inlet; 75-flue gas inlet; 76-a flue gas outlet; 77-flue gas ash outlet; 78-a temperature control system of the secondary dust remover.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "upper right", and the like refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, for convenience of description of the present invention only and not to require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention provides a method and a device route for removing dust from high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas. The two-stage dust collectors are connected in series, the primary dust collector is used as a primary dust collector, and the secondary dust collector is used as a fine dust collector. The dust removal precision is high, the filtration efficiency is high, the high-purity pyrolysis gas can be obtained, the coking and the blocking of the filter material are prevented, the realization is convenient, the operation is easy, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
The utility model provides a high temperature contains tar pyrolysis gas dust collector, contains the reactor, the one-level dust remover (pipeline gravity dust remover), the second grade dust remover, one-level ash bin, the second grade ash bin, the steam buffer tank, specifically, a gas outlet of reactor 1 top is connected with pipeline gravity dust remover gas inlet 21 of pipeline gravity dust remover 2, pipeline gravity dust remover 2 below is equipped with pipeline gravity dust remover ash valve 3, the below export of pipeline gravity dust remover ash valve 3 is connected with one-level ash bin 4, one-level ash bin 4 below export is equipped with one-level ash bin ash valve 6, the export of one-level ash bin ash valve 6 is connected with reactor 1. One gas outlet of the steam buffer tank 8 is connected with the pipeline gravity dust collector steam inlet 24, and the other gas outlet of the steam buffer tank 8 is connected with the secondary dust collector steam inlet 74.
The secondary dust remover comprises a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet 71, a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet 72, a pyrolysis gas ash outlet 73, a secondary dust remover steam inlet 74, a flue gas inlet 75, a flue gas outlet 76 and a flue gas ash outlet 77. The lower part of the secondary dust remover 7 is provided with a secondary dust remover ash valve 9, and the lower outlet of the secondary ash bin 10 is provided with a secondary ash bin ash valve 12. Specifically, the gas outlet 22 of the pipeline gravity dust collector 2 is connected with the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet 71 of the secondary dust collector 7, the ash outlet 73 of the pyrolysis gas is connected with the ash valve 9 of the secondary dust collector, the lower outlet of the ash valve 9 of the secondary dust collector is connected with the secondary ash bin 10, the lower outlet of the secondary ash bin 10 is connected with the ash valve 12 of the secondary ash bin, and the outlet of the ash valve 12 of the secondary ash bin is connected with the reactor 1.
The pipeline gravity dust remover 2 adopts the design of a constant-diameter circular pipe runner, and the cross section area of the runner is larger than that of an inlet pipeline at the front end. After the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas enters the pipeline gravity dust remover, the flow pipeline cross-sectional area is enlarged, the gas flow speed is reduced, and large-particle-size particles are settled under the action of gravity, so that the dust removal purpose is achieved.
According to the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device, the pipeline gravity dust remover 2 is designed by adopting a V-shaped flow channel, high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas enters from the gas inlet 21 of the pipeline gravity dust remover, and particles in the gas collide with the wall due to inertia effect or form stagnation in front of the wall when passing through the V-shaped flow channel, so that the movement paths of the particles and gas molecules are changed, and further the separation of large-particle-size particles from the airflow main body is realized.
The upper wall surface of the pipeline gravity dust remover 2 is provided with a group of dust removing fins 23, so that the disturbance to air flow can be enhanced, the dust removing effect is enhanced, meanwhile, the dust removing fins 23 are vertically downward, intercepted dust can directly fall down, dust deposition is not caused, and stable operation of the system is facilitated. Particularly, the dust removing fins 23 are arranged in a staggered manner, namely, projections of the fins in the axial direction are orderly arranged at a certain interval, and projections in the radial direction are not overlapped with each other, so that the effective area of the fins is utilized to the maximum extent, the disturbance of the fins to the air flow is enhanced, and the dust removing effect is enhanced.
According to the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method and device, the wall surface of the pipeline gravity dust remover has a certain gradient, deposited particles are utilized to slide downwards, and the inclined flow passage is designed to effectively avoid dust accumulation and blockage caused by the traditional horizontal pipe section.
The gravity dust collector is arranged on the pipeline, so that larger particle dust in pyrolysis gas is separated, the effect of pre-dedusting is achieved, particles with different particle size ranges are subjected to grading and sectional treatment, scouring and friction of high-temperature dust-containing gas to a subsequent device are reduced, dust content of inlet gas of the secondary dust collector is effectively reduced, work load of the secondary dust collector is reduced, equipment size of the secondary dust collector is reduced, and overall dedusting efficiency is improved.
The pipeline gravity dust remover 2 is provided with a pipeline gravity dust remover steam inlet 24, and superheated steam is adopted to purge the pipeline gravity dust remover 2 regularly, so that dust accumulation and coking of the pipeline gravity dust remover 2 are prevented.
The pipeline gravity dust remover 2 adopts an outer jacket type design, an outer jacket 25 of the pipeline gravity dust remover is positioned at the outer side of the pipeline gravity dust remover 2, low-dust-content high-temperature flue gas or superheated steam is used as a high-temperature medium, and the pipeline gravity dust remover 2 is subjected to heat tracing and heat preservation to prevent equipment and pipeline blockage caused by tar condensation and precipitation.
The secondary dust remover 7 adopts a metal filter bag dust remover, metal filter bag tube bundles are arranged in an inner arrangement manner, and a pulse valve is arranged above each tube bundle. The gas to be purified enters from the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet 71, is discharged from the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet 72 after dust removal, and the removed ash is discharged from the pyrolysis gas ash outlet 73.
The filter material of the metal filter bag dust collector is made of iron-aluminum alloy, and the filter material is compact and porous, high in structural strength, high in temperature resistance and capable of achieving the filtering accuracy of 0.3um.
The metal filter bag dust remover adopts superheated steam to carry out back blowing through a pulse valve. Preferably, the steam temperature is more than or equal to 400 ℃, and the steam pressure is 4-6Mpa. The filter cake attached to the outside of the filter material can be effectively removed by adopting steam back blowing, and meanwhile, the paste bag caused by precipitation of tar on the surface of the filter material can be effectively prevented, so that the filter material is prevented from being blocked, the filtering efficiency is improved, and the service life of the filter material is prolonged.
In the method and the device for removing dust from high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas, the secondary dust remover adopts an outer jacket type structural design, high-temperature flue gas is often generated in an organic solid waste disposal device, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the system enters an outer jacket layer of the secondary dust remover from a flue gas inlet 75, the rotational flow rises in the flue gas, the flue gas is discharged from a flue gas outlet 76, part of ash in the flue gas is settled, and the flue gas is discharged from a flue gas ash outlet 77.
The secondary dust remover adopts a jacket type design and has the following two functions:
(1) Coarse dust removal is completed in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the dust removal load of a subsequent flue gas purification device is reduced;
(2) The heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to keep the secondary dust remover at a higher temperature (more than 400 ℃), so that tar in the pyrolysis gas is not condensed and separated out, equipment blockage is reduced, and the overall tar recovery rate of the system is improved.
(3) And the waste heat of the flue gas is recovered, so that an electric heater is avoided to maintain the temperature of the secondary dust remover, and the energy consumption of the system is effectively reduced.
The first-level ash bin 4 and the second-level ash bin 10 are respectively provided with a material level measuring device, namely a first-level ash bin material level indicator 5 and a second-level ash bin material level indicator 11. The material level height can be judged by the material level gauge, so that the actions of the ash discharge valve 9 of the pipeline gravity dust remover and the ash discharge valve 12 of the secondary ash bin are controlled.
The dust removing method and device for the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas are characterized in that dust discharging valves are arranged below the pipeline gravity dust remover 2, the primary dust bin 4, the secondary dust remover 7 and the secondary dust bin 10. The workflow will be described below with primary dust removal as an example. When the material level in the first-stage ash bin 4 does not reach the high material level set value, the first-stage ash bin ash discharge valve 6 is closed, the pipeline gravity dust remover ash discharge valve 3 is opened, and the first-stage ash bin 4 is in an ash collecting state. When the material level in the first-level ash bin 4 reaches a high material level set value, the ash valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust remover is closed, then the ash valve 6 of the first-level ash bin is opened, and the ash bin enters an ash discharging state. When the pressure in the first-stage ash bin 4 is equal to or close to the pressure in the reactor 1, the ash discharge is finished, the ash discharge valve 6 of the first-stage ash bin is closed, the ash discharge valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust remover is opened, and the first-stage ash bin 4 enters into an ash collecting state again, so that the process is repeated. The two-stage dust removal and ash discharge process is the same.
The dust removing method and device for the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas are characterized in that a butterfly valve or a gate valve is adopted as an ash discharging valve.
The ash captured by the dust remover is directly sent back to the reactor 1 through the first-stage ash bin ash discharge valve 6 and the second-stage ash bin ash discharge valve 12, and the design has the following advantages:
(1) Because the pyrolysis gas ash has higher content of pyrolysis carbon powder, the invention solves the problem that the discharge of the pyrolysis gas ash directly serving as fly ash is difficult to reach the treatment standard;
(2) After the pyrolysis gas ash is discharged into the reactor, the pyrolysis gas ash subsequently enters a heat utilization device, so that the energy of carbon powder is fully utilized, the energy utilization efficiency is improved compared with direct discharge, and the ash discharge amount is reduced;
(3) Shortening the ash discharge path, avoiding the need of arranging a pneumatic conveying device and a pipeline, reducing the complexity of the process and effectively saving the economic cost.
The two-stage dust remover is provided with a temperature control system, the temperature of the dust remover is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃ in the working process, and the flow of high-temperature gas (high-temperature flue gas or steam) of an outer jacket can be controlled through the feedback of the temperature control system, so that the temperature of the dust remover is controlled and regulated.
The invention relates to a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preheating. Because the pyrolysis gas contains complex high polymer substances, the complex high polymer substances can be condensed and separated out when the temperature is low, the dust removal system needs to be preheated before starting up, the heat source can be selected by adopting hot flue gas and hot nitrogen according to the conditions of the engineering system, and the hot flue gas is selected for convenience of description. And preheating the pipeline gravity dust remover, the primary ash bin, the secondary dust remover and the secondary ash bin to a temperature close to that of the target pyrolysis gas by adopting hot flue gas. In a specific embodiment, the starting preheating temperature of the dust remover is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃.
(2) And (5) controlling the temperature. The pipeline gravity dust remover and the secondary dust remover are both of jacket type design, high-temperature flue gas is introduced into an outer jacket, and meanwhile, the pipeline gravity dust remover and the secondary dust remover are provided with a temperature control system, and the temperature of the dust remover is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃ in the working process by adjusting the flow of the flue gas.
(3) And (3) replacement. Because the pyrolysis gas contains a plurality of combustible components, after the dust removal system finishes preheating, the hot nitrogen is utilized for full replacement, so that the dust removal system forms an inert environment, and the operation safety is ensured.
(4) And when the replacement is completed, the dust removing system can be put into operation. The pyrolysis raw material is subjected to high-temperature reaction in the reactor 1 to generate pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis gas. The reactor 1 is a core device for pyrolysis, and may be any type of reactor vessel now or later developed, such as a horizontal type, a vertical type, a rotary type, and a screw type. The temperature of the pyrolysis gas ranges from 300 ℃ to 600 ℃, and the pyrolysis gas contains gaseous pyrolysis oil. In a specific embodiment the pyrolysis gas has a dust content of 100 to 200g/Nm 3 。
(5) The pyrolysis gas leaves from a gas outlet above the reactor 1, enters the pipeline gravity dust collector 2 from a gas inlet 21 of the pipeline gravity dust collector, is discharged from a gas outlet 22 of the pipeline gravity dust collector, achieves the purpose of coarse dust removal by the pipeline gravity dust collector 2, and when the pyrolysis gas containing tar at high temperature passes through the pipeline gravity dust collector 2, particles collide with the wall surface and the dust removing fins due to inertia force and then fall down dust particles under the action of gravity.
(6) The lower outlet of the pipeline gravity dust remover 2 is connected with the ash valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust remover, the lower outlet of the ash valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust remover is connected with the first-stage ash bin 4, and the falling ash generated by the pipeline gravity dust remover 2 enters the first-stage ash bin 4 through the ash valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust remover.
(7) The first-level ash bin 4 is provided with a first-level ash bin level gauge 5, and the level height in the first-level ash bin can be measured. In the process of collecting ash from the first-stage ash bin 4, the ash valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust remover is opened, the ash valve 6 of the first-stage ash bin is closed, when the dust in the first-stage ash bin 4 continuously accumulates to reach a set high material level, the ash valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust remover is closed first, then the ash valve 6 of the first-stage ash bin is opened, and the dust in the first-stage ash bin 4 falls into the reactor 1.
(8) When the pressure of the upper ash bin of the first-stage ash bin 4 is the same as or is close to the pressure of the reactor, the ash discharge valve 6 of the first-stage ash bin is closed, the ash discharge valve 3 of the pipeline gravity dust collector is opened, the dust temporarily stored in the lower part of the pipeline gravity dust collector 2 falls into the first-stage ash bin 4, and the first-stage ash bin 4 starts dust collection work again and repeats circularly.
(9) The pipeline gravity dust remover 2 adopts a jacket type structure, the outer jacket is filled with low-dust-content high-temperature flue gas or superheated steam, and the pipeline gravity dust remover is subjected to heat tracing, so that the temperature of the pipeline gravity dust remover is more than or equal to 400 ℃ and tar is prevented from condensing and precipitating.
(10) The pipeline gravity dust remover 2 is provided with a pipeline gravity dust remover steam inlet 24, and superheated steam is periodically introduced to purge the pipeline gravity dust remover 2 according to the running condition of the system, so that dust accumulation and coking of the pipeline gravity dust remover are prevented.
(11) After primary dust removal, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas leaves from the gas outlet 22 of the pipeline gravity dust remover, enters the secondary dust remover 7 through the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet 71, is discharged from the high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet 72 after dust removal, and the removed ash is discharged through the pyrolysis gas ash outlet 73.
(12) In the invention, the secondary dust remover 7 adopts a metal filter bag dust remover,the filter material is an intermetallic compound, is compact and porous, can realize fine filtration of dust-containing gas, and has the filtration precision of 0.3um. Dust is intercepted by the filter material and remains on the outer surface of the filter material, clean gas after dust removal passes through the porous filter element and enters the other side of the filter material, and is discharged through a gas outlet at the upper right part of the secondary dust remover 7 and enters a downstream processing device, and in a specific embodiment, the dust content at the outlet of the secondary dust remover 7 can be reduced to 1-2mg/m 3 。
(13) In the invention, the secondary dust collector 7 adopts a jacket type structure, high-temperature flue gas generated by the system enters an outer jacket layer of the secondary dust collector 7 from a flue gas inlet 75, rises in a rotational flow, is discharged from a flue gas outlet 76, and part of ash in the flue gas is settled and discharged from a flue gas ash outlet 77. The jacket type design can ensure that the high-temperature flue gas can finish coarse dust removal, and simultaneously, the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized to ensure that the secondary dust remover keeps higher temperature (more than 400 ℃), so that tar in pyrolysis gas is not condensed and separated out, equipment blockage is reduced, and the overall tar recovery rate of the system is improved.
(14) In the secondary dust remover 7, dust intercepted by the filter material gradually accumulates on the surface of the filter material, and when the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the secondary dust remover 7 reaches a set value, pulse back blowing is started. The high-pressure superheated steam provided by the system is buffered in the steam buffer tank 8, enters the secondary dust collector 7 through the steam inlet 74 of the secondary dust collector, carries out online back blowing on the filter element through the high-temperature pulse valve, carries a large amount of kinetic energy, blows off a filter cake layer on the outer wall of the filter material, and realizes clean regeneration of the filter material. At the same time, the pulsed air flow accelerates the sedimentation of dust, the dust is discharged through the ash outlet 73 of the pyrolysis gas, and enters the secondary ash bin 10 through the ash discharge valve 9 of the secondary dust remover.
(15) The secondary ash bin 10 is provided with a secondary ash bin level gauge 11, which can measure the level height in the secondary ash bin. In the process of collecting ash from the secondary ash bin 10, the ash discharge valve 9 of the secondary dust collector is opened, the ash discharge valve 12 of the secondary ash bin is closed, when the dust in the secondary ash bin 10 continuously accumulates to reach a set high material level, the ash discharge valve 9 of the secondary dust collector is closed first, then the ash discharge valve 12 of the secondary ash bin is opened, and the dust in the primary ash bin falls into the reactor 1.
(16) When the pressure of the upper ash bin of the secondary ash bin 10 is the same as or close to the pressure of the reactor, the ash discharge valve 12 of the secondary ash bin is closed, the ash discharge valve 9 of the secondary dust remover is opened, and the secondary ash bin 10 starts dust collection work again and repeats circularly.
(17) The dust discharged into the reactor 1 from the first-stage ash bin 4 and the second-stage ash bin 10 is discharged from the outlet below the reactor 1 together with pyrolytic carbon generated in the reactor 1 by pyrolytic raw materials, and the pyrolytic carbon and carbon powder in the dust are recycled and utilized in a subsequent device.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that other and further modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon the basis of the present invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
The invention is not described in detail in part as being common general knowledge to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. The high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal device is characterized by comprising a reactor, a pipeline gravity dust remover, a secondary dust remover, a primary ash bin, a secondary ash bin and a steam buffer tank;
the pipeline gravity dust remover comprises a gas inlet connected with a gas outlet of the reactor, a gas outlet connected with the secondary dust remover, and an ash discharge port connected with the primary ash bin, wherein an inclined flow channel is arranged between the gas inlet and the ash discharge port and between the gas outlet and the ash discharge port, and the gas entering from the reactor outlet falls down to the ash discharge port under the action of inertia force and collision and gravity in the inclined flow channel; an ash discharge valve is arranged between the ash discharge port and the primary ash bin;
the secondary dust remover is used for secondarily removing dust of gas flowing in from a gas outlet of the pipeline gravity dust remover, and a dust discharge outlet is connected with a secondary ash bin through an ash discharge valve;
the first-level ash bin and the second-level ash bin are used for temporarily storing dust particles, and the outlets of the first-level ash bin and the second-level ash bin are connected into the reactor through an ash discharge valve;
the steam buffer tank is used for passing hot steam into the pipeline gravity dust collector and the secondary dust collector and is used for purging regularly;
the secondary dust remover adopts an outer jacket type structure, and is structurally provided with a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet, a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet, a pyrolysis gas ash outlet, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and a flue gas ash outlet;
the metal filter bag tube bundles are arranged in the structure, and a pulse valve is arranged above each tube bundle; the gas to be purified enters from a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas inlet, is discharged from a high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas outlet after being dedusted by an internally arranged metal filter bag tube bundle, and the removed ash is discharged from a pyrolysis gas ash outlet; the high-temperature medium enters the outer jacket layer from the flue gas inlet, is discharged from a flue gas outlet positioned on the outer jacket layer, and the ash in the high-temperature medium is settled and discharged from a flue gas ash outlet;
a V-shaped flow passage is formed between a gas inlet and a gas outlet of the pipeline gravity dust collector, a vertical downward outlet flow passage is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped flow passage, the V-shaped flow passage and the outlet flow passage are equal-diameter circular pipe flow passages, and the diameter of an inlet pipeline at the front end of the gas inlet is smaller than that of the equal-diameter circular pipe flow passages; the upper wall surface of the inclined flow channel is provided with dust removing fins, the dust removing fins are staggered along the flow channel wall surface, namely, the projections of each fin in the axial direction are orderly arranged at a certain interval, and the projections in the radial direction are not overlapped with each other.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: an outer jacket is arranged outside the pipeline gravity dust remover, and heat tracing and heat preservation are carried out on the pipeline gravity dust remover by taking high-temperature flue gas or superheated steam as a high-temperature medium.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the dust removal is realized by the back blowing of the superheated steam through the pulse valve through the steam inlet of the secondary dust remover arranged on the structure.
4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the steam temperature of the superheated steam is more than or equal to 400 ℃, and the steam pressure is 4-6Mpa.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: temperature control systems are arranged on the pipeline gravity dust remover and the secondary dust remover, and the temperature of the dust remover is controlled to be more than or equal to 400 ℃ in the working process.
6. The high-temperature tar-containing pyrolysis gas dust removal method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preheating the apparatus of claim 1;
controlling the temperature of the pipeline gravity dust remover and the temperature of the secondary dust remover to be kept at a preset temperature;
performing inert gas displacement on the device of claim 1 to subject pyrolysis gas to an inert environment;
after the replacement is finished, controlling the device to start working;
and monitoring the material level heights in the first-level ash bin and the second-level ash bin, when the material level in the ash bin reaches the set high material level, closing an ash discharge valve of an outlet of the dust remover, controlling the ash in the corresponding ash bin to enter the reactor, opening the ash discharge valve of the outlet of the dust remover after ash discharge is finished, continuously collecting, and circularly reciprocating until the treatment is finished.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: the preheating temperature and the preset temperature are all more than or equal to 400 ℃.
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