CN114256578A - Radial power divider/synthesizer based on electromagnetic band gap structure - Google Patents
Radial power divider/synthesizer based on electromagnetic band gap structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114256578A CN114256578A CN202111453391.9A CN202111453391A CN114256578A CN 114256578 A CN114256578 A CN 114256578A CN 202111453391 A CN202111453391 A CN 202111453391A CN 114256578 A CN114256578 A CN 114256578A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/2005—Electromagnetic photonic bandgaps [EPB], or photonic bandgaps [PBG]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radial power distribution/synthesizer based on an electromagnetic band gap structure, which belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave and terahertz power synthesis and comprises an upper cover plate, a lower cavity and pins, wherein the upper cover plate is sequentially overlapped and matched with a circular waveguide and an input circular waveguide in the center, the lower cavity is provided with a power distribution/synthesis cavity in the center, the rectangular waveguide is arranged at equal included angles and is provided with the electromagnetic band gap structure, and the rectangular waveguide with the electromagnetic band gap structure consists of a rectangular waveguide and pins which are periodically arranged on the sections of the lower cavity on two sides of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide. The invention effectively inhibits the electromagnetic wave in a specific frequency range by utilizing the electromagnetic band gap structure, realizes the leakage-free transmission of electromagnetic signals, reduces the manufacturing difficulty and the processing cost of a terahertz frequency band because the height of the pin forming the electromagnetic band gap structure is smaller than that of the rectangular waveguide, and further solves the problems of serious energy leakage and difficult processing caused by subdivision processing at the narrow side of the waveguide when the radial power distribution/synthesizer is used in a high frequency band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave and terahertz power synthesis, and particularly relates to a radial power divider/synthesizer based on an electromagnetic band gap structure.
Background
In a millimeter wave frequency band high end even a terahertz frequency band, the output power of a single solid state device is very small, the power of a plurality of solid state devices needs to be synthesized to improve the power level, compared with binary power synthesis, radial power synthesis can realize multi-path power synthesis/distribution at one time, the problem that the synthesis efficiency is reduced along with the increase of the number of paths in binary synthesis is avoided, and the method becomes a research hot tide. By combining the development status of monolithic development and the processing difficulty of the power synthesis network, the highest working frequency of the radial power synthesis network published at home and abroad is only more than one hundred gigahertz at present.
The radial power divider can be divided into two types according to the direction of an output electric field, wherein the first type is the condition that the electric field direction of a TE10 mode in an output rectangular waveguide is vertical to a central axis, for example, when an input mode is a circular waveguide TE01 mode; the other is the case that the electric field direction of the TE10 mode in the output rectangular waveguide is parallel to the central axis, such as when the input mode is a coaxial TEM mode and a circular waveguide TM01 mode. For the former, during processing, according to the current distribution condition, the central subdivision is generally performed on the wide side of the waveguide, so that almost no leakage of energy can be ensured; in the latter case, if the waveguide is split on the wide side, the number of modules is greatly increased, and the assembly is difficult to realize, so the waveguide is generally split on the narrow side, but at the moment, the current lines are cut off no matter the waveguide is split on the top, the bottom or the center of the narrow side, larger electromagnetic radiation is generated, and the radiation is more serious the higher the working frequency is.
In a millimeter wave high-end and terahertz frequency band, the coaxial power divider based on the TEM mode has the advantages that the central conductor is difficult to process and is not large, and the circular waveguide is relatively easy to manufacture. The conventional radial power divider based on the TE01 mode of the circular waveguide does not cause serious energy leakage when the electric field of the output TE10 mode is perpendicular to the axis, but the mode is the seventh higher-order mode of the circular waveguide, so that a plurality of low-order interference modes which are difficult to remove exist, and the synthesis efficiency is influenced. While the low-order modes in the circular waveguide, such as the circularly polarized TE11 mode and the TM01 mode, which can be used for radial power distribution, are the cases where the electric field of the output TE10 mode is parallel to the axis, splitting of the waveguide during processing is almost unavoidable, which leads to unacceptable energy leakage. Therefore, it is important to develop a millimeter wave terahertz radial power divider/synthesizer which is easy to process and manufacture and has excellent performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of energy leakage and processing difficulty caused by waveguide splitting when an electric field of a TE10 mode is output in parallel with an axis in the prior art, and provides a radial power divider/combiner based on an electromagnetic band gap structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a radial power divider/synthesizer based on an electromagnetic band gap structure is characterized by comprising an upper cover plate and a lower cavity which are matched; the center of the upper surface of the upper cover plate is sequentially superposed with a matching circular waveguide and an input circular waveguide, the center of the upper surface of the lower cavity is provided with a cylindrical power distribution/synthesis cavity adjacent to the matching circular waveguide, and the side surfaces of the power distribution/synthesis cavity are provided with a plurality of rectangular waveguides with electromagnetic band gap structures at equal included angles; the center of the power distribution/synthesis cavity is provided with a convex matching structure so as to obtain a good matching effect during power distribution.
Furthermore, the rectangular waveguide with the electromagnetic band gap structure is composed of a standard rectangular waveguide and a plurality of pins, the pins are periodically arranged on the lower cavity section on two sides of the wide side of the standard rectangular waveguide, and the electromagnetic band gap structure is formed between adjacent pins; the length and width of the pins, the gap between adjacent pins and the gap between the pins and the upper cover plate are all smaller than 1/4 wavelengths, and the height of the pins is not smaller than 4 times of the gap between the pins and the upper cover plate.
Further, the wide side of the rectangular waveguide with the electromagnetic bandgap structure is perpendicular to the input circular waveguide.
Further, the input mode of the circular waveguide in the radial power divider/combiner should satisfy the condition that the rectangular waveguide with the electromagnetic band gap structure realizes the output of the TE10 mode electric field perpendicular to the central axis, such as the TM01 mode of the circular waveguide, the TE11 mode of circular polarization, and the like.
Further, the diameter of the input circular waveguide satisfies the transmission condition of the operation mode, i.e.
Wherein, mum1n1The nth zero of the m-order Bessel equation corresponding to the working mode; lambda [ alpha ]c1A cutoff wavelength for the operating mode; mu.sm2n2The nth zero of the m-order Bessel equation corresponding to the high-order mode; lambda [ alpha ]c2The cutoff wavelength for the higher mode.
Further, the diameter of the matched circular waveguide is larger than that of the input circular waveguide, about 1.1-1.5 times of the diameter of the input circular waveguide, and the length of the matched circular waveguide is about 1/4 wavelengths.
Furthermore, the matching structure is composed of two superposed concentric cylinders, the diameter of the upper cylinder is smaller than that of the lower cylinder, the height of the upper cylinder is larger than that of the lower cylinder, and the height of the matching structure is smaller than that of the power distribution/synthesis cavity.
Further, the centers of the input circular waveguide, the matching circular waveguide, the power distribution/synthesis cavity and the matching structure are located on the same straight line.
The working principle of the radial power distribution/synthesizer based on the electromagnetic band gap structure is as follows:
when the waveguide is in a power distribution working mode, an electromagnetic signal is input from the input circular waveguide, mode conversion and power distribution are carried out in the power distribution/synthesis cavity through the matched circular waveguide, the energy broadband input by the circular waveguide is efficiently distributed to the rectangular waveguide with the electromagnetic band gap structure and arranged at the equal included angle, and the conversion from the circular waveguide mode to the TE10 mode is realized; when the device is in a power synthesis working mode, electromagnetic signals are input from a plurality of rectangular waveguides with electromagnetic band gap structures, are subjected to power synthesis after passing through a matching structure and a matching circular waveguide, and are output from an input circular waveguide, so that the conversion from a TE10 mode to a circular waveguide mode is realized; because the electromagnetic band gap structure can inhibit the transmission of electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency range, when the waveguide narrow side is processed and assembled, even if a gap exists in the waveguide narrow side subdivision, the electromagnetic signal can be ensured not to leak, and the processing problem of the radial power synthesis network is solved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a radial power distribution/synthesizer based on an electromagnetic band gap structure, which is characterized in that the electromagnetic band gap structures which are periodically arrayed are introduced on the section surfaces of lower cavities on the two sides of the wide side of a rectangular waveguide, so that electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency range are inhibited, electromagnetic signal leakage-free transmission can be realized without electric contact, the height of a pin forming the electromagnetic band gap structure is smaller than that of the rectangular waveguide, the manufacturing difficulty and the processing cost of a terahertz frequency band can be reduced, and the problems of serious energy leakage and difficult processing of the radial power distribution/synthesizer caused by the subdivision processing of the narrow side of the high-frequency band waveguide are solved; the broadband low-loss power/synthesis distribution is realized through the broadband matching technology, the broadband low-loss power/synthesis distribution can be applied to the technical field of millimeter wave and terahertz power synthesis, and the broadband low-loss power/synthesis distribution device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in assembly, low transmission loss and broadband work.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic perspective view of a radial power divider/combiner based on an electromagnetic bandgap structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an electromagnetic signal path of a radial power divider/combiner provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is an electric field distribution diagram of the radial power divider/combiner according to embodiment 1 of the present invention when a circularly polarized TE11 mode is input;
fig. 6 is a diagram of simulation results of the input port S11 of the radial power splitter/combiner applied to the WR-4 waveguide frequency band according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram of a simulation result of Sn1 of the radial power splitter provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention applied to a WR-4 waveguide band in combination with a TE11 mode circular polarizer;
fig. 8 is an electric field distribution diagram of the radial power divider based on the electromagnetic bandgap structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention when inputting the TM01 mode;
fig. 9 is a diagram of a simulation result of Sn1 when the power splitter provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention is applied to a WR-4 waveguide frequency band.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1: an upper cover plate; 11: inputting a circular waveguide; 12: matching the circular waveguide;
2: a lower cavity; 21: a power distribution/synthesis chamber; 22: a rectangular waveguide having an electromagnetic bandgap structure; 221: a square pin; 222: a round pin; 223: a fan-shaped pin; 224: a standard rectangular waveguide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The present embodiments are illustrative, and the claims hereof are not to be limited to only such embodiments.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a radial power divider/combiner based on an electromagnetic band gap structure, which has an operating frequency of 200-255 GHz and operates in a circular waveguide circular polarization TE11 mode, and the structure of the radial power divider/combiner is shown in FIGS. 1-4, and comprises an upper cover plate 1 and a lower cavity 2 which are matched with each other;
the matched circular waveguide 12 and the input circular waveguide 11 are sequentially overlapped at the center of the upper surface of the upper cover plate 1, the radius of the input circular waveguide 11 is 0.47mm, the transmission condition of a circularly polarized TE11 mode is met, and the radius and the height of the matched circular waveguide 12 are 0.6mm and 0.37mm respectively.
The center of the upper surface of the lower cavity 2 is provided with a cylindrical power distribution/synthesis cavity 21 adjacent to the matched circular waveguide 12, the radius of the power distribution/synthesis cavity 21 is 1.64mm, and the height of the power distribution/synthesis cavity is the same as the length of the narrow side of the WR-4 standard rectangular waveguide and is 0.546 mm. The center of the power distribution/synthesis cavity 21 is provided with a convex matching structure to obtain a good matching effect during power distribution, the matching structure is composed of two superposed concentric cylinders, the diameter of the upper cylinder is 0.56mm, the height of the upper cylinder is 0.22mm, the diameter of the lower cylinder is 2.19mm, and the height of the lower cylinder is 0.14 mm.
In addition, 8 rectangular waveguides 22 with electromagnetic bandgap structures are arranged on the side of the power distribution/synthesis cavity 21 at equal angles, the wide sides of the rectangular waveguides 22 with electromagnetic bandgap structures are perpendicular to the input circular waveguide 11, and the rectangular waveguides 22 with electromagnetic bandgap structures are composed of WR-4 standard rectangular waveguides 224(1.092mm by 0.546mm) and a plurality of pins.
The pins are divided into three types, namely square pins 221, round pins 222 and fan-shaped pins 223, the square pins 221 are periodically arranged on the section of the lower cavity on two sides of the WR-4 standard rectangular waveguide 224, two rows of the square pins 221 are arranged on each side of the WR-4 standard rectangular waveguide 224, and the inner rows of the square pins 221 are flush with the walls of the WR-4 standard rectangular waveguide 224 so as to realize good matching with the external standard waveguide; the round pins 222 are positioned at the intersection of the outer row of square pins 221 between adjacent WR-4 standard rectangular waveguides 224; the fan-shaped pins 223 are located at the intersections of the inner row of square pins 221 between adjacent WR-4 standard rectangular waveguides 224 and match the sides of the power splitting/combining cavity 21. The side length of the square pin 221 and the diameters of the round pin 222 and the fan-shaped pin 223 are both 0.2mm, the heights of the three pins are all 0.3mm, the array period of the three pins is 0.4mm, and the gap between the three pins and the upper cover plate 1 is 0.03 mm.
The centers of the input circular waveguide 11, the matching circular waveguide 12, the power distribution/synthesis cavity 21 and the matching structure are located on the same straight line.
In the embodiment, three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software is adopted to accurately design the radial power distribution/synthesizer based on the electromagnetic band gap structure, so that equal energy distribution of input electromagnetic waves is realized. The radius and height of the matched circular waveguide 12 and the radius and height of the matched structure protruding in the power distribution/synthesis cavity 21 are precisely optimized, and the side length, the interval and the height of the pins arranged periodically are roughly optimized.
In order to verify the performance of the radial power divider/combiner and the gap leakage condition proposed in this embodiment, the radial power divider/combiner is applied to the WR-4 waveguide frequency band for simulation, and the electric field distribution diagram is shown in fig. 5, so that when the circularly polarized TE11 mode is input, mode conversion and power division are performed in the power divider/combiner cavity, and equal power division is achieved. The simulation result of the radial power distribution/synthesizer in the WR-4 waveguide frequency band is shown in FIG. 6, and the return loss of the input circularly polarized TE11 mode is better than 20dB in the working frequency band of 200-255 GHz.
In order to more intuitively express the beneficial effects of the embodiment, the radial power divider/combiner and the TE11 mode circular polarizer are simulated in a cascading manner, the simulation result of the cascading structure in the WR-4 waveguide frequency band is shown in fig. 7, the amplitude imbalance of each branch is better than +/-0.5 dB, the return loss of the input port is better than 20dB, and the relative bandwidth exceeds 20% in the working frequency band of 200 to 255 GHz.
Example 2
To illustrate the universality of the radial power divider/combiner proposed by the present invention, the present embodiment adopts a similar technical solution to provide a radial power divider/combiner based on an electromagnetic bandgap structure, which operates in a circular waveguide TM01 mode, and compared with embodiment 1, the difference is only in adjusting the dimensions of the input circular waveguide 11, the matching circular waveguide 12 and the protruding matching structure, and the specific parameters are as follows: the radius of the input circular waveguide 11 is 0.57mm, and the transmission condition of a TM01 mode is met; the radius of the matched circular waveguide 12 is 0.67mm, and the height is 0.39 mm; the diameter of a cylinder above the convex matching structure is 0.88mm, the height of the convex matching structure is 0.35mm, and the diameter of a cylinder below the convex matching structure is 2.51mm, and the height of the convex matching structure is 0.3 mm; the rest of the structure is the same.
When the radial power combiner/divider of the present embodiment is applied to the WR-4 waveguide frequency band for simulation, and the electric field distribution diagram is as shown in fig. 8, it can be known that when the circular waveguide TM01 mode is input, mode conversion and power division are performed in the power divider/combiner cavity, and equal power division is achieved. The simulation result of the radial power distribution/synthesizer in the WR-4 waveguide frequency band is shown in fig. 9, the return loss of an input circular waveguide TM01 mode is better than 20dB, the amplitude imbalance of each output port is better than +/-0.2 dB, and the relative bandwidth exceeds 20% in the 215-260 GHz working frequency band.
In addition, in the simulation of the above embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, a gap of 0.03mm is reserved between the pin and the upper cover plate 1, and the result shows that the gap of the H-plane subdivision has little influence on the transmission of electromagnetic signals, and it is proved that the radial power divider/combiner can effectively avoid the problem of gap leakage caused by the H-plane subdivision.
In summary, the radial power divider/combiner based on the electromagnetic bandgap structure provided in this embodiment can realize radial power division in the case of an H-plane waveguide output form, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in assembly, low transmission loss, and broadband operation.
The foregoing embodiments are provided merely to illustrate the principles and advantages of the invention, rather than to limit the invention, and to assist in understanding the principles of the invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the configurations and embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations without departing from the spirit of the invention, and still be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A radial power divider/synthesizer based on an electromagnetic band gap structure is characterized by comprising an upper cover plate and a lower cavity which are matched; the center of the upper surface of the upper cover plate is sequentially superposed with a matching circular waveguide and an input circular waveguide, the center of the upper surface of the lower cavity is provided with a cylindrical power distribution/synthesis cavity adjacent to the matching circular waveguide, and the side surfaces of the power distribution/synthesis cavity are provided with a plurality of rectangular waveguides with electromagnetic band gap structures at equal included angles; the center of the power distribution/synthesis cavity is provided with a convex matching structure.
2. The radial power divider/combiner based on the electromagnetic bandgap structure of claim 1, wherein the rectangular waveguide with the electromagnetic bandgap structure is composed of a rectangular waveguide and a plurality of pins, the pins are periodically arranged on the lower cavity section at two sides of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, and the electromagnetic bandgap structure is formed between adjacent pins; the length and width of the pins, the gap between adjacent pins and the gap between the pins and the upper cover plate are all smaller than 1/4 wavelengths, and the height of the pins is not smaller than 4 times of the gap between the pins and the upper cover plate.
3. The radial power divider/combiner based on electromagnetic bandgap structure of claim 1, wherein the wide side of the rectangular waveguide with electromagnetic bandgap structure is perpendicular to the input circular waveguide.
4. The radial power divider/combiner based on the electromagnetic bandgap structure of claim 1, wherein the input mode of the input circular waveguide in the radial power divider/combiner is satisfied when the rectangular waveguide with the electromagnetic bandgap structure realizes the output of the TE10 mode electric field perpendicular to the central axis.
5. The radial power divider/combiner based on an electromagnetic bandgap structure of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the matched circular waveguide is 1.1-1.5 times of the diameter of the input circular waveguide, and the length is 1/4 wavelengths.
6. The radial power divider/combiner according to claim 1, wherein the matching structure is composed of two concentric cylinders stacked on top of each other, the upper cylinder has a smaller diameter than the lower cylinder, the upper cylinder has a larger height than the lower cylinder, and the matching structure has a smaller height than the power divider/combiner cavity.
7. The radial power divider/combiner based on electromagnetic bandgap structure of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the input circular waveguide satisfies the transmission condition of the operation mode
Wherein, mum1n1The nth zero of the m-order Bessel equation corresponding to the working mode; lambda [ alpha ]c1A cutoff wavelength for the operating mode; mu.sm2n2The nth zero of the m-order Bessel equation corresponding to the high-order mode; lambda [ alpha ]c2The cutoff wavelength for the higher mode.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106532215A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-03-22 | 华南理工大学 | High-isolation multi-path radial power divider/synthesizer |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106532215A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-03-22 | 华南理工大学 | High-isolation multi-path radial power divider/synthesizer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| MOHAMED A. ABDELAAL等: "Ka-band 3-D-printed wideband groove gap waveguide orthomode transducer", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES》, 13 June 2019 (2019-06-13), pages 3362 - 3363 * |
| 李皋等: "气体钻井MMWD随钻测量方法研究", 《石油钻探技术》, 14 July 2018 (2018-07-14), pages 53 * |
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