CN114251328B - Oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114251328B CN114251328B CN202111501071.6A CN202111501071A CN114251328B CN 114251328 B CN114251328 B CN 114251328B CN 202111501071 A CN202111501071 A CN 202111501071A CN 114251328 B CN114251328 B CN 114251328B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- load
- working
- return
- working cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B19/00—Testing; Calibrating; Fault detection or monitoring; Simulation or modelling of fluid-pressure systems or apparatus not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
- F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and a testing method thereof. Three sets of energy accumulators are arranged, and the energy accumulators rapidly drive the execution cylinders to move so as to be synchronous with the period of the marine waves. The functional integrity, safety and reliability of the riser suspension system can be verified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing systems, in particular to an oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and a testing method thereof.
Background
The deep sea oil drilling platform faces the annual offshore typhoons during the deep sea drilling operation, and typhoons are prevented from being avoided. The conventional typhoon-preventing typhoon-avoiding operation is to lift the marine riser section by section, and then the platform sails away from a possible travel path of typhoon. The operation mode has the advantages of long operation period each time, more operation times each year, high single operation cost and high annual operation accumulated cost, and reduces the drilling operation efficiency.
The new operation mode of preventing and avoiding the platform is that the water isolation pipe is not lifted out of the water, but is withdrawn in a flexible hanging mode. The flexible suspension device consists of an execution hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic pump station and an electric control system.
The novel device can greatly shorten the anti-stage and anti-stage operation time and improve the efficiency of drilling operation.
The water isolation pipe is hung at the end part of a piston rod of the working hydraulic cylinder, the working cylinder body is seated on the wellhead chuck, the working cylinder carries out compensation heave motion along with waves, and when the platform ascends, the water isolation pipe descends; when the platform descends, the water isolation pipe ascends to reduce the peak acceleration of the water isolation pipe, and accordingly the dynamic load of the water isolation pipe is reduced.
Because the anti-station device has large load, complex system and high safety and reliability requirements. The hardware and software must be tested in simulation at the surface.
Conventional oil cylinder test methods and devices, conventional hydraulic system test devices cannot meet the test requirements of a riser suspension system. The conventional oil cylinder motion test has small load value and low speed; the large load test is performed statically; if a dynamic load test is performed, the speed is low. The large load of the offshore drilling platform cannot be simulated, and the typhoon working condition can be quickly lifted and avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and a testing method thereof, which solve the problems that a conventional cylinder testing method and device cannot simulate the heavy load of an offshore drilling platform and quickly lift and sink to avoid typhoon working conditions.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the quick reciprocating motion testing system for oil cylinder loading is characterized in that the end part of a working cylinder rod at one end of a working cylinder is connected with the end part of the working cylinder rod propped against a load cylinder or the end part of the load cylinder rod, and a piston at the other end of the working cylinder is connected with the end part of a return cylinder rod of a return cylinder;
the device is also provided with a load energy accumulator and a return pump station, wherein the load energy accumulator is communicated with a rodless cavity of the load cylinder, and the return pump station is communicated with a rod cavity of the return cylinder;
the load cylinder and the return cylinder apply pressure to the working cylinder to form a load reciprocating test working cylinder.
In the preferred scheme, the working pump station is communicated with two ends of the working cylinder.
In the preferred scheme, a main energy accumulator is also arranged, and the main energy accumulator is communicated with the working pump station or the working cylinder rodless cavity.
In the preferred scheme, a return energy accumulator is arranged, and the return energy accumulator is communicated with a return pump station or a rod cavity of a return cylinder.
In the preferred scheme, a load measuring instrument is arranged between the end part of the load cylinder rod and the working cylinder rod.
In the preferred scheme, a stroke measuring instrument is further arranged on the cylinder body of the working cylinder and is used for detecting the telescopic stroke of the working cylinder rod.
In the preferred scheme, a load frame is further arranged, the cylinder body of the working cylinder is arranged at one end of the load frame, and the load cylinder is arranged at the other end of the load frame.
In the preferred scheme, an electric control cabinet is also arranged and is electrically connected with the load measuring instrument and the travel measuring instrument.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, abutting the working cylinder rod with the end part of a load cylinder rod of a load cylinder, and connecting and restraining the working cylinder and the load cylinder into a whole by a load frame;
s2, connecting the end part of a return cylinder rod with a piston of a working cylinder, controlling the working cylinder by a working pump station, driving a hydraulic medium to enter a right cavity of the working cylinder by a main energy accumulator, overcoming load resistance, pushing the working cylinder rod of the working cylinder to rapidly move leftwards, and simulating ascending compensation movement;
s3, driving the load cylinder by the load energy accumulator, providing thrust for the working cylinder, and simulating the working load;
s4, controlling the return cylinder by a return pump station, quickly driving a hydraulic medium to enter a rod cavity of the return cylinder by a return energy accumulator, driving a piston to move rightwards, pulling the working cylinder back rightwards, and returning rightwards under the combined action of the working cylinder and the thrust of a load cylinder rod;
s5, the working cylinder moves left and right, circulation is continuous, the vertical dynamic load of the marine riser of the drilling platform along with sea waves is simulated, the dynamic load value is detected by a load measuring instrument in real time, and the dynamic load value is transmitted back to a control center to make a control decision;
and S6, the piston displacement of the working cylinder is detected by a displacement sensor in real time and is transmitted back to a control center to make a control decision, and the test system is loaded with 1000kN and has an average moving speed of 0.64 m/S.
The invention provides a cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and a testing method thereof, which are mainly used for deep sea oil drilling platforms, a marine riser is hung at the end part of a piston rod of a working hydraulic cylinder, and the working cylinder is seated on a wellhead chuck and used for shifting between wells, typhoon prevention and typhoon avoidance. Three sets of energy accumulators are arranged for improving the reaction speed through the control of a hydraulic pump station, and the energy accumulators rapidly drive the execution cylinder to move so as to be synchronous with the period of the marine waves. The functional integrity, safety and reliability of the riser suspension system can be verified. And deducing that the suspension system can be practical in offshore working conditions. The test apparatus was loaded at 1000kN with an average movement speed of 0.64 meters per second. The typhoon-avoiding working condition of the deep sea drilling platform can be simulated. All test parameters can be collected and processed. According to the ground test result, the condition of typhoon on the sea can be deduced to be applicable.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hydraulic connection system of the present invention;
in the figure: a return accumulator 1; returning to the pump station 2; a return cylinder 3; a return cylinder rod 4; a working cylinder 5; a cylinder rod 6; a stroke measuring instrument 7; a load measuring instrument 8; a load frame 9; a load cylinder rod 10; a load cylinder 11; a load accumulator 12; a main accumulator 13; and a working pump station 14.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, in the oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system, the end part of a working cylinder rod 6 at one end of a working cylinder 5 is connected with the end part of a loading cylinder rod 10 propping against a loading cylinder 11 or the end part of the loading cylinder rod 10, a piston at the other end of the working cylinder 5 is connected with the end part of a return cylinder rod 4 of a return cylinder 3, the end part of the loading cylinder rod 10 of the loading cylinder 11 is propped against the end part of the working cylinder rod 6, the return cylinder rod 4 of the return cylinder 3 is connected with the piston of the working cylinder 5, and in the pushing process of the working cylinder 5, the loading cylinder 11 and the return cylinder 3 press the working cylinder 5 to form an up-down dynamic load along with sea waves of a riser of a simulated drilling platform, so that the working cylinder 5 is subjected to load testing.
The device is also provided with a load energy accumulator 12 and a return pump station 2, wherein the load energy accumulator 12 is communicated with a rodless cavity of the load cylinder 11, and the return pump station 2 is communicated with a rod cavity of the return cylinder 3; the load energy accumulator 12 provides thrust for the load cylinder 11, the return pump station 2 provides tension for the return cylinder 3, and the working cylinder 5 is pushed in the pushing process, the load energy accumulator 12 stores energy to push the load cylinder 11 to press the working cylinder 5. The load cylinder 11 and the return cylinder 3 press the working cylinder 5 to form a load reciprocating test working cylinder 5. The rod cavity of the load cylinder 11 is communicated with the atmosphere, and the rodless cavity of the return cylinder 3 is communicated with the atmosphere.
In a preferred embodiment, the working pump station 14 is in communication with both ends of the working cylinder 5.
In a preferred embodiment, a main accumulator 13 is also provided, and the main accumulator 13 is communicated with the working pump station 14 or the rodless cavity of the working cylinder 5. The main accumulator 13 drives the hydraulic medium into the right cavity of the working cylinder, overcomes the load resistance, pushes the working cylinder rod 6 of the working cylinder 5 to rapidly move leftwards, and simulates the ascending compensation movement.
In the preferred scheme, a return energy accumulator 1 is arranged, and the return energy accumulator 1 is communicated with a return pump station 2 or a rod cavity of a return cylinder 3. The return accumulator 1 rapidly drives the hydraulic medium to enter the rod cavity of the return cylinder 3, drives the piston to move rightwards, pulls the working cylinder 5 back rightwards, acts together with the thrust of the load cylinder rod 10, and returns rightwards.
In a preferred embodiment, a load measuring device 8 is arranged between the end of the load cylinder rod 10 and the cylinder rod 6. The load measuring device 8 is used for detecting the load pressure between the load cylinder rod 10 and the working cylinder rod 6.
In the preferred scheme, a stroke measuring instrument 7 is further arranged on the cylinder body of the working cylinder 5, and the stroke measuring instrument 7 is used for detecting the telescopic stroke of the working cylinder rod 6. The stroke measuring instrument 7 is used for measuring stroke data of the cylinder rod 6.
In the preferred scheme, a load frame 9 is also arranged, the cylinder body of the working cylinder 5 is arranged at one end of the load frame 9, and a load cylinder 11 is arranged at the other end of the load frame 9. The end parts of the working cylinder rod 6 and the load cylinder rod 10 of the load cylinder 11 are opposite, the load frame 9 is used for connecting and restraining the working cylinder 5 and the load cylinder 11 into a whole, and the working cylinder 5 and the load cylinder 11 are connected more stably during detection.
In the preferred scheme, an electric control cabinet is also arranged and is electrically connected with the load measuring instrument 8 and the travel measuring instrument 7. The electric control cabinet controls the operation of the whole system and also supplies power to the load measuring instrument 8 and the travel measuring instrument 7.
Example 2
Further described in connection with example 1, as shown in fig. 1, the cylinder rod 6 is abutted against the load cylinder rod 10 of the load cylinder 11, and the load frame 9 restricts the connection between the cylinder 5 and the load cylinder 11 to be integral.
The end of the return cylinder rod 4 is connected with the piston of the working cylinder 5, the working cylinder 5 is controlled by the working pump station 14, the main accumulator 13 drives the hydraulic medium to enter the right cavity of the working cylinder, the load resistance is overcome, the working cylinder rod 6 of the working cylinder 5 is pushed to move leftwards rapidly, and the ascending compensation movement is simulated.
The load cylinder 11 is driven by the load accumulator 12 to provide thrust to the working cylinder 5 to simulate the working load.
The return cylinder 3 is controlled by the return pump station 2, the return energy accumulator 1 rapidly drives the hydraulic medium to enter the rod cavity of the return cylinder 3, drives the piston to move rightwards, pulls the working cylinder 5 back rightwards, and acts with the thrust of the load cylinder rod 10 in a combined way to return rightwards.
The working cylinder 5 moves left and right, circulates continuously, simulates the up-and-down dynamic load of the marine riser of the drilling platform along with sea waves, and the dynamic load value is immediately detected by the load measuring instrument 8 and is transmitted back to the control center to make a control decision.
The displacement of the piston of the working cylinder is detected by a displacement sensor in real time and is transmitted back to the control center to make a control decision, and the test system is loaded with 1000kN and has an average moving speed of 0.64 m/s.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims, including the equivalents of the technical features in the claims. I.e., equivalent replacement modifications within the scope of this invention are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A quick reciprocating motion testing system for loading of an oil cylinder is characterized in that: the end part of a working cylinder rod (6) at one end of a working cylinder (5) is connected with the end part of a load cylinder rod (10), and a piston at the other end of the working cylinder (5) is connected with the end part of a return cylinder rod (4) of a return cylinder (3);
the device is also provided with a load energy accumulator (12) and a return pump station (2), wherein the load energy accumulator (12) is communicated with a rodless cavity of the load cylinder (11), and the return pump station (2) is communicated with a rod cavity of the return cylinder (3);
the load cylinder (11) and the return cylinder (3) press the working cylinder (5) to form a load reciprocating motion test working cylinder (5);
the working pump station (14) is communicated with two ends of the working cylinder (5);
the hydraulic pump is also provided with a main energy accumulator (13), and the main energy accumulator (13) is communicated with a working pump station (14) or a rodless cavity of the working cylinder (5);
the device is provided with a return energy accumulator (1), wherein the return energy accumulator (1) is communicated with a return pump station (2) or is communicated with a rod cavity of a return cylinder (3);
a load measuring instrument (8) is arranged between the end part of the load cylinder rod (10) and the working cylinder rod (6);
a stroke measuring instrument (7) is further arranged on the cylinder body of the working cylinder (5), and the stroke measuring instrument (7) is used for detecting the telescopic stroke of the working cylinder rod (6);
the device is also provided with a load frame (9), the cylinder body of the working cylinder (5) is arranged at one end of the load frame (9), and the load cylinder (11) is arranged at the other end of the load frame (9);
the electric control cabinet is also arranged and is electrically connected with the load measuring instrument (8) and the travel measuring instrument (7).
2. The test method of the oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion test system according to claim 1, wherein the test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, abutting the working cylinder rod (6) against the end part of a load cylinder rod (10) of a load cylinder (11), and connecting and restraining the working cylinder (5) and the load cylinder (11) into a whole by a load frame (9);
s2, the end part of the return cylinder rod (4) is connected with a piston of the working cylinder (5), the working cylinder (5) is controlled by a working pump station (14), the main energy accumulator (13) drives a hydraulic medium to enter a right cavity of the working cylinder, the load resistance is overcome, the working cylinder rod (6) of the working cylinder (5) is pushed to move leftwards rapidly, and the ascending compensation movement is simulated;
s3, driving a load cylinder (11) by a load energy accumulator (12), providing thrust for a working cylinder (5), and simulating a working load;
s4, controlling a return cylinder (3) by a return pump station (2), quickly driving a hydraulic medium to enter a rod cavity of the return cylinder (3) by a return energy accumulator (1), driving a piston to move rightwards, pulling a working cylinder (5) back rightwards, and returning rightwards under the combined action of the working cylinder and the thrust of a load cylinder rod (10);
s5, the working cylinder (5) moves left and right, circulation is continuous, the vertical dynamic load of the drilling platform riser along with sea waves is simulated, the dynamic load value is detected by the load measuring instrument (8) in real time, and the dynamic load value is transmitted back to the control center to make a control decision;
and S6, the piston displacement of the working cylinder is detected by a displacement sensor in real time and is transmitted back to a control center to make a control decision, and the test system is loaded with 1000kN and has an average moving speed of 0.64 m/S.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111501071.6A CN114251328B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and testing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111501071.6A CN114251328B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and testing method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114251328A CN114251328A (en) | 2022-03-29 |
| CN114251328B true CN114251328B (en) | 2023-09-15 |
Family
ID=80794441
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111501071.6A Active CN114251328B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and testing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114251328B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102705302A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-10-03 | 浙江大学 | Dynamic testing system for high-pressure large-flow oil cylinder |
| JP2013117404A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-13 | Shimadzu Corp | Endurance test apparatus |
| CN206682058U (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-11-28 | 上海衡拓实业发展有限公司 | A kind of active wave compensating device for deep ocean work |
| CN107860662A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | A kind of large-sized deep water master passively combines wave compensating device total system shore-front-trials method |
| CN109386515A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-26 | 哈工新欧(岳阳)测控装备有限公司 | Energy-saving large_sized hydraulic cylinder testing stand |
| CN210715382U (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-06-09 | 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 | Oil cylinder testing system |
-
2021
- 2021-12-09 CN CN202111501071.6A patent/CN114251328B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013117404A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-13 | Shimadzu Corp | Endurance test apparatus |
| CN102705302A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-10-03 | 浙江大学 | Dynamic testing system for high-pressure large-flow oil cylinder |
| CN206682058U (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-11-28 | 上海衡拓实业发展有限公司 | A kind of active wave compensating device for deep ocean work |
| CN107860662A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | A kind of large-sized deep water master passively combines wave compensating device total system shore-front-trials method |
| CN109386515A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-26 | 哈工新欧(岳阳)测控装备有限公司 | Energy-saving large_sized hydraulic cylinder testing stand |
| CN210715382U (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-06-09 | 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 | Oil cylinder testing system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 液压缸综合性能测控平台开发及实验研究;金耀;蒋明华;贺欣;夏毅敏;罗春雷;;合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)(第09期) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114251328A (en) | 2022-03-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109113572B (en) | A kind of control method and drill jumbo for drill jumbo | |
| CN103422851B (en) | Oil well pump dynamic degree of filling well testing determines interval pumping system method | |
| US3986368A (en) | Load equalizing and shock absorber system for off-shore drilling rigs | |
| CN105967089B (en) | Double-acting continuous lifting system for offshore platform and lifting method thereof | |
| CN101130949A (en) | Drilling column heave compensator for floating drill platform in the sea | |
| CN107860662B (en) | Land test method for large-scale deep water active and passive combined wave compensation device | |
| CN114251328B (en) | Oil cylinder loading quick reciprocating motion testing system and testing method thereof | |
| CN108877372B (en) | Experimental device for active-passive wave compensation | |
| US10774627B1 (en) | Adjusting speed during beam pump cycle using variable speed drive | |
| CN206682058U (en) | A kind of active wave compensating device for deep ocean work | |
| CN207194856U (en) | A kind of sea bed gas hydrate rock core coring drilling with keep up pressure drilling tool | |
| CN216478181U (en) | Oil cylinder loading rapid reciprocating motion test system | |
| CN203515386U (en) | Power rat hole | |
| CN111155569A (en) | Test device and test method capable of simulating installation and cyclic loading process of suction barrel in ocean deepwater environment | |
| CN114279737B (en) | Heave compensation experiment bench | |
| CN217105014U (en) | Ocean pore pressure static sounding continuous penetration device for silt stratum | |
| CN111043111A (en) | Hydraulic system for reducing axial dynamic load of floating drilling platform suspension riser | |
| CN102242544A (en) | Movable pushing device for sliding launch of large jacket | |
| CN213869773U (en) | Passive heave compensation device for ocean floating drilling platform | |
| CN212154676U (en) | Addressing bottom-landing device of submarine drilling rig | |
| CN106769012B (en) | A kind of dynamic load analog detecting method of offshore platform hydraulic formula elevating mechanism | |
| CN113027422A (en) | Method and system for measuring indicator diagram of rod-pumped well based on video analysis | |
| CN112557079A (en) | Simulation test platform for vertical shaft heading machine propulsion system | |
| CN206368356U (en) | Continuous type hydraulic bolt formula jacking system | |
| CN205422657U (en) | Intelligent does not have walking beam hydraulic pumping unit |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |