CN114247898B - Selective laser melting forming method for reducing residual stress of thin-wall part in situ - Google Patents
Selective laser melting forming method for reducing residual stress of thin-wall part in situ Download PDFInfo
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- CN114247898B CN114247898B CN202111636324.0A CN202111636324A CN114247898B CN 114247898 B CN114247898 B CN 114247898B CN 202111636324 A CN202111636324 A CN 202111636324A CN 114247898 B CN114247898 B CN 114247898B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a selective laser melting forming method for reducing residual stress of a thin-walled part in situ, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. By controlling the single-layer powder laying times and the scanning sequence of the filling lines, the effect of reducing the residual stress of the thin-wall part in the printing process is achieved. The method comprises the steps of slicing the three-dimensional model by using slicing software to generate a profile in a layering mode, sequencing filling lines of the cross section of the profile, dividing the filling lines of every N melting channels into a group, paving powder on each layer for multiple times during printing, and scanning only one group of filling lines after each powder paving. Sufficient metal powder amount is provided for each melting channel through the group scanning of the filling lines and the multiple powder spreading, so that the competition of adjacent filling lines for powder around the melting channel in the melting process is reduced, and the residual stress of the thin-wall part formed by selective laser melting is reduced. The invention can effectively control the problems of warping and deformation of the thin-wall part caused by residual stress in the forming process, thereby improving the forming rate of the thin-wall part formed by selective laser melting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and relates to a selective laser melting forming method for reducing residual stress of a thin-walled part in situ.
Background
A Selective Laser Melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technology is a metal rapid forming method and is based on the principle of dispersion-accumulation.
The SLM technology has the advantages of short processing period, capability of processing metal parts with any complex shape and structure and the like, can be used for manufacturing complex thin-wall parts which cannot be produced by the traditional process, does not need aftertreatment, and can be widely applied to the aerospace field. However, residual stress is easily generated in the SLM forming process, so that the defects of warping, deformation, cracking and the like of parts are caused, the failure rate of SLM forming is greatly caused, and the development of the SLM technology is severely limited.
The existing main method for reducing the residual stress of the selective laser melting formed thin-wall part comprises the steps of heat treatment of the formed part, remelting, support addition and the like, but the problems of warping, deformation, cracking and the like caused by the residual stress in the manufacturing process of the thin-wall part cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a selective laser melting forming method for in-situ reducing residual stress of a thin-wall part, which controls behaviors such as warping and deformation in a printing process and improves a forming rate of the thin-wall part by in-situ reducing the residual stress in the process of manufacturing the thin-wall part by selective laser melting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a selective laser melting forming method for reducing residual stress of a thin-wall part in situ comprises the following steps:
s1, slicing the digital model of the thin-wall part to be formed to generate a profile cross section in a layering mode, and filling the profile cross section with parallel filling lines;
s2, sequencing and numbering all filling lines of each layer, dividing the filling lines of every N melting channels into a group, dividing the filling lines of each layer into N +1 groups of filling lines according to the rule, exporting the N +1 groups of filling lines of each layer to a process file layer by layer, and importing the process file into additive manufacturing equipment for printing;
s3, powder is spread for multiple times when each layer is printed, only one group of filling lines is scanned after powder is spread for a single time, other groups of filling lines are scanned after the group of filling lines are scanned, powder is spread again until all the N +1 groups of filling lines of the layer are scanned, and then the substrate is lowered by one layer;
s4 repeats step S3 to complete the printing of all layers of the part.
Optionally, in step S2, when each layer of filling lines is exported to the process file, another group of filling lines is exported after all the filling lines in a group are exported, until the N +1 groups of filling lines in the layer are exported, and the N +1 groups of filling lines are exported in any order.
Optionally, in step S3, when each layer is printed, the scanning order of the group filling lines is the same as the order of the group filling lines derived, and the same process parameters are used when each group of filling lines is scanned.
Optionally, in step S2, when the filler lines are grouped, the value range of the number N of the spaced channels is 0 < N < 5.
Optionally, in step S3, the number of times of powder spreading for each layer is N + 1.
Optionally, the process conditions in step S3 include a powder spreading thickness of each layer of 0.01-0.1 mm, a laser power of 100-1000W, a scanning speed of 200-2000 mm/S, and a scanning distance of 0.02-0.2 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method mainly uses slicing software to slice the three-dimensional model to generate the outline in a layering way, then sorts the filling lines of the cross section of the outline, divides the filling lines of every N melting channels into one group, spreads powder for each layer for multiple times during printing, and only scans one group of filling lines after each powder spreading until the N +1 groups of filling lines of the layer are completely scanned. Sufficient powder quantity is provided for each melting channel through grouping scanning of the filling lines and multiple powder spreading, and the competition of adjacent filling lines for powder around the melting channel in the melting process is reduced, so that the residual stress of the selective laser melting forming thin-walled parts is reduced, and the success rate of the selective laser melting forming thin-walled parts is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a titanium alloy thin wall part printed using conventional methods;
fig. 3 shows a titanium alloy thin-wall part printed by the method under the condition that the number of spaced channels is N equal to 1.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a selective laser melting forming method for in-situ reducing residual stress of a thin-wall part, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a titanium alloy thin-wall part printed by a conventional scanning sequence, wherein the thin-wall part has the same process parameters (power 180W, scanning speed 250mm/s, spacing 0.1mm, and layer thickness 0.06mm) except thickness, the thicknesses of the thin-wall parts A1, A2, and A3 are respectively 0.8mm, 0.6mm, and 0.4mm, the thin-wall parts adopt a parallel line filling strategy, scan along the length direction of the thin-wall parts, and the scanning directions of adjacent filling lines are opposite, namely 180 degrees included angle, so that the three thin-wall parts with different thicknesses are found to have buckling deformation when printed by adopting a traditional scanning mode, wherein the buckling heights of A1, A2, and A3 are respectively 1.5mm, 1.1mm, and 0.7mm, the buckling height of the thin-wall part A1 is serious, and the normal spreading of powder in the printing process is greatly influenced, continued printing can result in blade damage.
The method for printing three groups of titanium alloy thin-wall parts with different thicknesses (0.4mm, 0.6mm and 0.8mm) comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) preparing process parameters. Using slicing software additive manufacturing process to slice a three-dimensional model in a layered mode (the thickness of the layer is 0.06mm), filling a plane contour (the line spacing is 0.1mm) by adopting a parallel line filling strategy (also called a mean), sequencing filling lines of each layer respectively, setting the total number of scanning filling lines to be T (when the thicknesses of thin-wall parts are 0.4mm, 0.6mm and 0.8mm respectively, the total number of the filling lines is 4, 6 and 8 respectively), setting the scanning speed of each melting channel to be 1 at each interval, scanning the melting channels at 250mm/s, scanning the laser power of 180W along the length direction of the thin-wall parts, and scanning the scanning directions of adjacent filling lines are opposite. When each group of filling lines are exported to a process file layer by layer, firstly sequentially exporting a first group of filling lines with the serial numbers of 1+2 xi (namely 1, 3, 5 and 7), and then exporting a second group of filling lines with the serial numbers of 2+2 xi (namely 2, 4, 6 and 8), wherein when the equipment prints, the scanning sequence of the filling lines of each layer group is the same as the exporting sequence of the filling lines of the layer group;
(2) guiding a process file into additive manufacturing equipment, laying a layer of metal powder, firstly scanning a group of filling lines with the serial number of 1+2 x i according to path information in the process file, then laying a layer of metal powder after the scanning is finished, then scanning a group of filling lines with the serial number of 2+2 x i to finish a layer of scanning task, and descending a workbench by one layer;
(3) and (3) repeating the step (2) until the model is printed. Powder is spread on each layer for multiple times and the filling lines are scanned in groups, so that the powder amount of each filling line during melting can be ensured to be consistent as much as possible, powder contention around a melting channel is reduced, and the residual stress in the forming process is reduced
The printing result is shown in fig. 3, the thicknesses of the first group of thin-wall parts TC4 are all 0.4mm, the thicknesses of the second group of thin-wall parts TC4 are all 0.6mm, and the problem of warping deformation does not occur when the two groups of thin-wall parts TC4 are printed by using the method disclosed by the invention. The third group of three thin-wall parts with the thickness of 0.8mm are slightly warped and deformed, the maximum warped deformation amount is 0.5mm, but after the method is used, the warped deformation degree is reduced by 1mm compared with the TC4 thin-wall part A1 with the same thickness in the figure 1, and the reduction amplitude is up to 66.7 percent. In addition, the relative compactness of the A3, the A2 and the A1 is only 87.9%, 91.0% and 92.7% respectively, the average relative compactness of the first, the second and the third TC4 thin-wall parts corresponding to the thicknesses of the thin-wall parts is 91.1%, 94.1% and 93.4% respectively, and the compactness of the first, the second and the third TC4 titanium alloy thin-wall parts printed by the invention is also obviously improved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A selective laser melting forming method for reducing residual stress of a thin-wall part in situ is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, slicing the digital model of the thin-wall part to be formed to generate a profile cross section in a layering mode, and filling the profile cross section with parallel filling lines;
s2, sequencing and numbering all filling lines of each layer, dividing the filling lines of every N melting channels into a group, dividing the filling lines of each layer into N +1 groups of filling lines according to the rule, exporting the N +1 groups of filling lines of each layer to a process file layer by layer, and importing the process file into additive manufacturing equipment for printing;
s3, powder is spread for multiple times when each layer is printed, only one group of filling lines is scanned after powder is spread for a single time, other groups of filling lines are scanned after the group of filling lines are scanned, powder is spread again until all the N +1 groups of filling lines of the layer are scanned, and then the substrate is lowered by one layer;
s4 repeating step S3 to complete printing of all layers of the part;
in step S2, when the filler wires are grouped, the value range of the number N of the spaced melt channels is 0 < N < 5;
in step S3, the number of times of powder spreading per layer is N + 1.
2. The selective laser melting forming method for in-situ reduction of residual stress of a thin-walled part according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, when each layer of filling lines is exported to the process file, another group of filling lines is exported after all the filling lines in the group are exported, until the N +1 groups of filling lines in the layer are exported, and the N +1 groups of filling lines are exported in any order.
3. The selective laser melting forming method for in-situ reduction of residual stress of a thin-walled part according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S3, when each layer is printed, the scanning order of the group filling lines is the same as the order of the group filling line derivation, and the same process parameters are used when each group of filling lines is scanned.
4. The selective laser melting forming method for in-situ reduction of residual stress of a thin-walled part according to claim 1, characterized in that: the process conditions in the step S3 are that the powder spreading thickness of each layer is 0.01-0.1 mm, the laser power is 100-1000W, the scanning speed is 200-2000 mm/S, and the scanning distance is 0.02-0.2 mm.
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| CN114799213A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-29 | 湖南华曙高科技股份有限公司 | Laser scanning method, device and storage medium for powder bed melting process |
| CN115592133B (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-03-10 | 中车工业研究院(青岛)有限公司 | Laser sintering scanning method, device and equipment and readable storage medium |
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