CN114243840A - Circuit for series connection of battery cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization - Google Patents
Circuit for series connection of battery cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization Download PDFInfo
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- CN114243840A CN114243840A CN202111567100.9A CN202111567100A CN114243840A CN 114243840 A CN114243840 A CN 114243840A CN 202111567100 A CN202111567100 A CN 202111567100A CN 114243840 A CN114243840 A CN 114243840A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a circuit for output combination and automatic bypass and equalization of series-connected battery cells, which comprises basic units formed by a control system and a main circuit, wherein the basic units are connected IN series, the control system comprises a power supply, a sampling circuit, an MCU circuit, a driving circuit and a communication circuit which are kept isolated from each other, the main circuit comprises two half-bridge circuits formed by four low-voltage MOSFETs or GaN, the main circuit is provided with three input ends and two output ends of OUT1H and OUT1L, the three input ends are respectively connected with three terminals IN1H, IN1M and IN1L of the two series-connected battery cells, the middle points of the two half-bridge circuits are respectively connected with the OUT1H output end and the OUT1L output end of the main circuit, and the two half-bridges are not directly connected. The invention can avoid the influence of the health state of individual cells on the service life of the cell combination, realize longer safe driving mileage or energy storage service life, and prevent the potential short circuit risk of hard connection of the cells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery cell testing, battery cell formation and capacity grading, in particular to the field of battery cell management systems and battery cell combination use, and particularly relates to a circuit for series battery cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization.
Background
Module and electric core package of present electric core, electric core cluster all are the technique that adopts electric core hard connection, as shown in fig. 1, the benefit is fairly simple, but also has very obvious shortcoming:
1. cell short plate effect:
the electrical performance of the whole cell module is to show the charge state of the cell under the constraint of the cell management system when a certain cell is greatly attenuated due to the consistency of the cell, namely, the short plate effect. Because the current of the equalizing circuit is mostly below 10A, the equalizing circuit has limitation on the improvement effect of the lagging battery cell, the improvement lasts for a long time, and the control strategy of the battery cell management system cannot be changed.
2. Risk of thermal runaway:
if only one node is in short circuit with the other node, a large short circuit is formed, so that the thermal runaway of the battery cell is caused, and even if an output main switch is arranged in the circuit, the circuit of the short circuit part cannot be disconnected. In practical applications, it is very easy to cause short circuit between two nodes due to various reasons, which is also one of the causes of thermal runaway of the cell.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a circuit for series connection of a battery cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization, which can avoid the influence on the service life of the battery cell combination caused by the backward health state of individual battery cells, realize longer safe driving mileage or energy storage service life and prevent the potential short circuit risk of hard connection of the battery cells.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a circuit of series connection electricity core output combination and automatic bypass and balanced, include the basic unit that is formed by control system and major loop, series connection between each basic unit, control system includes the power that keeps keeping the isolation each other, a sampling circuit, the MCU circuit, drive circuit and communication circuit, the major loop includes two half-bridge circuits that four low pressure MOSFET or GaN are constituteed, the major loop is equipped with three input and two output of OUT1H and OUT1L, three input is connected with three terminal IN1H of two series connection electricity cores respectively, IN1M, IN1L, the mid point of two half-bridge circuits is connected OUT1H output and OUT1L output of major loop respectively, two half-bridges are not through.
Furthermore, the output end of OUT1H and the output end of OUT1L of each basic unit are connected in series and then connected with an external load or a charging device.
Furthermore, a power supply, a sampling circuit, an MCU circuit, a driving circuit and a communication circuit in the control system are mutually kept isolated.
Furthermore, the control electrode of the power device in the main loop is connected with a driving circuit of the control system.
Furthermore, three input ends of the main loop are respectively connected with a sampling circuit of the control system.
Furthermore, the input end of the highest end of the level and the input end of the lowest end of the level in the main loop are respectively connected with the cell input of the power supply in the control system.
Furthermore, the communication mode of the communication circuit is a CAN or other serial field bus communication modes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the circuit for battery cell combination output and automatic bypass and balance is formed by connecting basic units in series; the battery core and the control circuit formed by the topology can realize the following improvements:
firstly, the cell topology can be dynamically controlled according to the health state of individual cells: implementing three modes of dynamic balance, protection balance and bypass control on the laggard battery cell; the intelligent switching through three modes can prolong the service life of the battery cell group, and avoid the condition that the health state of individual battery cells falls behind to influence the service life of the battery cell combination.
Secondly, as the charging and discharging processes of all the battery cells are measured, the charge state of the battery cell combination can be accurately calculated. By calculating the charge state of the battery cell combination in real time and uploading the charge state to the upper-level measurement and control system, namely a vehicle controller or an energy storage energy management system, longer safe driving mileage or energy storage service life can be realized.
And thirdly, potential short circuit risk of hard connection of the battery cell is prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hard-wired cell short circuit in the background art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the basic unit in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a main circuit in a basic unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the series connection between the basic units of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present solution is explained below by way of specific embodiments.
The utility model provides a circuit of series connection electricity core output combination and automatic bypass and balanced, include the basic unit that is formed by control system and major loop, series connection between each basic unit, control system includes the power that keeps keeping the isolation each other, a sampling circuit, the MCU circuit, drive circuit and communication circuit, the major loop includes two half-bridge circuits that four low pressure MOSFET or GaN are constituteed, the major loop is equipped with three input and two output of OUT1H and OUT1L, three input is connected with three terminal IN1H of two series connection electricity cores respectively, IN1M, IN1L, the mid point of two half-bridge circuits is connected OUT1H output and OUT1L output of major loop respectively, two half-bridges are not through.
The OUT1H output terminal and the OUT1L output terminal of each basic unit are connected in series and then connected with an external load or charging equipment.
The power supply, the sampling circuit, the MCU circuit, the drive circuit and the communication circuit in the control system are mutually kept isolated. And the control electrode of the power device in the main loop is connected with a driving circuit of the control system. And the three input ends of the main loop are also respectively connected with a sampling circuit of the control system. And the input end of the highest end of the level and the input end of the lowest end of the level in the main loop are respectively connected with the input of the battery cell of the power supply in the control system.
The communication mode of the communication circuit is a CAN or other serial field bus communication modes.
The output of the main loop has four voltage combinations of 0V, BT1A, BT1B and BT1A + BT 1B. Two battery cells are connected in series to be used as the input of a basic unit, as shown in fig. 3, a main circuit portion of the basic unit is composed of two series (also called cascade) half-bridge circuits, and a central point of the half-bridge circuit is used as the output of the basic unit.
The logic control of the two half-bridges is:
Q1A and Q1B cannot be turned on simultaneously, and Q1C and Q1D cannot be turned on simultaneously.
When Q1B and Q1C are simultaneously turned on, a voltage of 0V is output.
When Q1A and Q1D are turned on simultaneously, the output voltage BT1A + BT1B is the series cell voltage.
When Q1C and Q1A are turned on simultaneously, the voltage BT1A, i.e., the voltage of the single battery cell BT1A, is output.
When Q1B and Q1D are turned on simultaneously, the voltage BT1B, i.e., the voltage of the single battery cell BT1B, is output.
When the Q1A is turned on and the Q1C and the Q1D are turned on intermittently in PWM mode, the output voltage is BT1A + BT2B × CD half-bridge duty ratio.
When the Q1D is turned on and the Q1A and the Q1B are turned on intermittently in PWM mode, the output voltage is BT1B + BT2A × AB half-bridge duty ratio.
When Q1A and Q1B are intermittently conducted in a PWM mode and Q1C and Q1D are intermittently conducted in a PWM mode, the output voltage is BT2A × AB half-bridge duty ratio + BT1B × CD half-bridge duty ratio.
When Q1A and Q1B, and Q1C and Q1D are all turned off, the cell is disconnected from the external output.
As long as it is ensured that the cells of the basic units are not short-circuited, i.e., IN1H, IN1M, IN1L are not short-circuited, the cells are short-circuited with the cells of other basic units or the external output, and are controlled to be disconnected or bypassed by the MOSFET or GaN, so that short circuit between the cells is not caused.
If MOSFET or GaN control show the trouble, or the power breaks down, control circuit can show the state of low level for electric core and output disconnection can not produce discharge current, can not cause out of control even outside short circuit this moment.
If the external short circuit occurs, the control circuit also has a fault, and the MOSFET is firstly disconnected due to damage of overlarge short circuit current, so that thermal runaway of a cell cannot be induced.
The input of the power supply of the control system is selected from two nodes of IN1H and IN1L, because the lowest voltage of a single battery cell is generally 2.4V, if power is supplied from two ends of a single battery cell, when the cell voltage reaches the lowest voltage, power supply modules with proper cost performance are difficult to supply power, if power is supplied by two battery cells connected IN series, the voltage is 4.8V at most, and the highest voltage does not exceed 10V, and the selection of the power supply modules with the voltage level is relatively wide.
The sampling circuit, the MCU circuit and the driving circuit are isolated from each other, sampling can be completed inside the basic unit, the voltage of the battery cell is transmitted out through the communication circuit, the short circuit of the communication circuit does not affect the safety of the circuit, the sampling part is completed inside the system, the connecting wire is short, and the reliability of the system can be guaranteed.
The battery cell output combination and automatic balancing circuit is composed of a plurality of basic units in output series connection, as shown in figure 4, each basic unit is independently controlled, the output of the total series connection is connected with a load or charging equipment, and the circuit achieves the purpose of automatic balancing through the discharging current and the charging current of the load.
When the invention is actually used, the outputs of a plurality of basic units are connected in series and then connected with an external load or charging equipment.
During discharging, if a certain electric core reaches the lower voltage limit, because the electric core has internal resistance, according to the formula: r ═ V1-V2)/(I1-I2), a lower voltage limit occurs first, and it should be that, during a period of a discharge current, we start the PWM of the half-bridge of the cell according to the current voltage of the cell, the control strategy is PID control, when the current passes through the cell, the voltage will drop, when the current bypasses the cell, the voltage will rise, the control target is to make the voltage of the cell not lower than the lower limit voltage, if the load current decreases or stops, the cell voltage will rise, so that during a period of a current passing through the cell, the cell voltage will have an opportunity to be higher than the lower voltage limit, the control will make the duty ratio of the PWM 100%, that is, a conducting state, so, according to a load outside the cell, the cell will first enter the PWM, and the output electric quantity of the cell will drop; when the multiple battery cores reach the lower voltage limit, the time for starting the constant voltage of the multiple battery cores is staggered according to a control strategy so as to prevent the large-amplitude sudden change of the output voltage and finally reach the effect of balancing at the lower voltage limit.
In the discharging mode, a plurality of constant voltage threshold values can be set according to the battery cell technical file; and when the voltage of a certain battery cell reaches a constant voltage threshold value, starting constant voltage current limiting to dynamically balance the battery cell. Through automatic equalization of multiple voltage thresholds, the equalization effect of the battery cell combination reaches the optimum; and when the voltage of the single battery cell reaches the lowest voltage protection value, performing protection balance on the battery cell until bypass control is performed.
In the discharging mode, equalization can be performed according to the voltage difference threshold value of the battery cell; when the measuring circuit detects that the voltage difference value of the battery core reaches the voltage difference threshold value, the battery core is dynamically balanced; and when the cell voltage reaches the lowest protection value, performing protection balance on the cell until bypass control is performed.
During charging, if a certain cell reaches a voltage threshold, according to the formula: r ═ V1-V2)/(I1-I2), the voltage threshold condition occurs first, which should be during the presence of charging current. And starting PWM of the half-bridge of the battery cell according to the current voltage of the battery cell, wherein the control strategy is PID control. When current passes through the battery cell, the voltage can rise, and when the current bypasses the battery cell, the voltage can fall, and the voltage of the battery cell is controlled not to be higher than the voltage threshold. If the charging voltage is reduced or stopped, the cell voltage may have a lower limit, and thus during the current passing through the cell, the cell voltage also has an opportunity to be higher than the lower voltage limit, and the control may make the duty ratio of the PWM 100%, that is, turn on. Therefore, the battery cell which reaches the voltage threshold value firstly enters PWM, and the input electric quantity of the battery cell is reduced; when the multiple battery cores reach the voltage threshold, the time for starting the constant voltage of the multiple battery cores is staggered according to a control strategy so as to prevent the large-amplitude sudden change of the output voltage, and finally, the voltage threshold reaches the balance effect.
In the charging mode, a plurality of charging voltage threshold values can be set according to the battery cell technical file; and when a certain charging voltage threshold is reached, constant-voltage current-limiting control is started to realize the dynamic balance of the battery cell. Through automatic equalization of multiple voltage thresholds, the equalization effect of the battery cell combination reaches the optimum; and when the voltage of the battery cell reaches the highest voltage protection value, performing protection balance on the battery cell until bypass control is performed.
In the charging mode, the balance can be carried out according to the voltage difference of the battery cell; when the measuring circuit detects that the voltage difference value of the battery core reaches the threshold value of the voltage difference, the battery core is dynamically balanced; and when the voltage of the battery cell reaches the highest protection value, performing protection balance on the battery cell until bypass control is performed.
Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments and drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and shall also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a circuit of series connection electricity core output combination and automatic bypass and equilibrium which characterized in that: the system comprises basic units formed by a control system and a main loop, wherein the basic units are connected in series;
the control system comprises a power supply, a sampling circuit, an MCU circuit, a drive circuit and a communication circuit;
the main circuit comprises two half-bridge circuits formed by four low-voltage MOSFETs or GaN, the main circuit is provided with three input ends and two output ends of OUT1H and OUT1L, the three input ends are respectively connected with three terminals IN1H, IN1M and IN1L of two series-connected battery cores, the middle points of the two half-bridge circuits are respectively connected with the OUT1H output end and the OUT1L output end of the main circuit, and the two half-bridges are not directly connected.
2. The series cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization circuit of claim 1, further comprising: the OUT1H output end and the OUT1L output end of each basic unit are sequentially connected in series and then connected with an external load or charging equipment.
3. The series cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization circuit of claim 1, further comprising: the power supply, the sampling circuit, the MCU circuit, the drive circuit and the communication circuit in the control system are mutually kept isolated.
4. The series cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization circuit of claim 3, further comprising: and the control electrode of the power device in the main loop is connected with a driving circuit of the control system.
5. The series cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization circuit of claim 3, further comprising: and the three input ends of the main loop are also respectively connected with a sampling circuit of the control system.
6. The series cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization circuit of claim 3, further comprising: and the input end of the highest end of the level and the input end of the lowest end of the level in the main loop are respectively connected with the input of the battery cell of the power supply in the control system.
7. The series cell output combination and automatic bypass and equalization circuit of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the communication mode of the communication circuit is a CAN or other serial field bus communication modes.
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102148579A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-08-10 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Equitime constant reduced submodule plate simulating plurality of submodules of MMC (Multi-level Modular Converte) |
CN203690972U (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2014-07-02 | 郎雪峰 | Energy-storage capacitor-based battery pack energy management system |
CN110266028A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-20 | 杭州模储科技有限公司 | A kind of modularized dc energy-storage system |
CN209982086U (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-01-21 | 杭州模储科技有限公司 | Modular direct-current energy storage system |
-
2021
- 2021-12-21 CN CN202111567100.9A patent/CN114243840A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102148579A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-08-10 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Equitime constant reduced submodule plate simulating plurality of submodules of MMC (Multi-level Modular Converte) |
CN203690972U (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2014-07-02 | 郎雪峰 | Energy-storage capacitor-based battery pack energy management system |
CN110266028A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-20 | 杭州模储科技有限公司 | A kind of modularized dc energy-storage system |
CN209982086U (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-01-21 | 杭州模储科技有限公司 | Modular direct-current energy storage system |
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Application publication date: 20220325 |