CN114243268A - Vibrator unit and base station antenna - Google Patents
Vibrator unit and base station antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114243268A CN114243268A CN202111441992.8A CN202111441992A CN114243268A CN 114243268 A CN114243268 A CN 114243268A CN 202111441992 A CN202111441992 A CN 202111441992A CN 114243268 A CN114243268 A CN 114243268A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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Abstract
The invention provides a vibrator unit and a base station antenna, wherein the vibrator unit is characterized in that a filter circuit is loaded on an antenna medium substrate and is distributed on the antenna medium substrate in a linear manner, and the linear type and the linear size of the filter circuit are adjusted to filter electric waves of antennas with other frequency bands radiated in space, so that the problem of cross-band interference of the antenna in the base station antenna can be solved; meanwhile, the antenna radiation surface comprises two pairs of antenna radiation units, each antenna radiation unit is distributed in a square area on the antenna medium substrate, and a plurality of filter circuits and strip lines which are included in the antenna radiation units are continuously arranged along the edge of the square area, so that the filtering of other external frequency band electric waves is realized, the electric length of the antenna radiation body circuit is increased on the basis of reducing the size of the antenna, the design of a full-wave dipole antenna is realized, and the gain of the antenna is further increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of base station antennas, and particularly relates to a vibrator unit and a base station antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of the 5G communication technology, it is more and more important to integrate the 3G, 4G, and 5G base stations together, which not only greatly improves the utilization rate of the space, but also greatly reduces the cost and enhances the intellectualization of the base station. However, when multiple types of antennas for multiple frequency bands are compactly arranged on a small power division board, the electromagnetic environment in the base station becomes quite complex, and the antennas in different frequency bands interfere with each other, wherein the influence of the antenna in a higher frequency band on the antenna in a lower frequency band is particularly obvious.
In order to solve the problem of cross-band interference among antenna array elements, a plurality of scholars at home and abroad research the antenna array elements and issue a plurality of articles and patents, for example, a domestic mole ratio company has issued a dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna element loaded with a filter in 2011, and can filter certain electric waves in a smaller frequency band, but the gain of the antenna cannot meet the requirements of the industry and the filtering frequency band is narrower; the university of sydney science and technology in 2019 published an article of loading a choke circuit on a radiating surface of a vibrator, and the proposed antenna can filter out 1.7-2.2 GHz incoming waves and can work well at 0.69-0.96 GHz, but the problem of narrow filter band still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a dipole unit and a base station antenna, so as to solve the problem of cross-band interference between an antenna applied to a 3G/4G/5G base station antenna for a certain operating frequency band and antennas operating in other frequency bands.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the oscillator unit, support including radiation spare and balun, the radiation spare includes antenna dielectric substrate and the antenna radiation face of setting on antenna dielectric substrate, the antenna radiation face includes two pairs of antenna radiation units, every antenna radiation unit all includes the filter circuit that a plurality of dispersions set up and is used for connecting adjacent filter circuit's stripline, concatenate through the stripline between a plurality of filter circuits, and this filter circuit is the line type distribution on antenna dielectric substrate, adjust through the line type and the line type size to filter circuit, the realization is radiated the electric wave of the antenna of other frequency bands of coming in the space and is filtered.
Furthermore, the two pairs of antenna radiation units are orthogonally distributed on the antenna dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, each antenna radiation unit is distributed in a square area on the antenna dielectric substrate, and a plurality of filter circuits and strip lines included in the antenna radiation unit are continuously arranged along the edge of the square area.
Furthermore, at least two filter circuits are directly connected in a linear mode to achieve shunting.
Further, the line-type distribution of the filter circuit includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of a meander line, a spiral line, a sine-distributed line and a cosine-distributed line.
Further, the filter circuits are distributed on the same/different layers of the antenna dielectric substrate.
Further, the width of the strip line is not less than the line width of the filter circuit.
Furthermore, the balun support comprises two orthogonal balun dielectric substrates, and each balun dielectric substrate is provided with a balun and a corresponding matching circuit.
Furthermore, the matching circuit, the filter circuit and the strip line are all realized by printing copper layers on the antenna dielectric substrate/the balun dielectric substrate.
The base station antenna comprises the oscillator unit, and a base used for mounting the oscillator unit on the base station antenna is arranged at the bottom of the oscillator unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the antenna radiation unit consisting of a plurality of filter circuits which are dispersedly arranged and strip lines for connecting adjacent filter circuits is loaded on the antenna medium substrate, the filter circuits are distributed on the antenna medium substrate in a linear mode, and the linear sizes of the filter circuits are adjusted, so that electric waves of antennas with other frequency bands radiated in space are filtered, and the problem of cross-band interference of the antenna used for a certain working frequency band in a 3G/4G/5G base station antenna on the antenna working in other frequency bands can be solved;
2. the antenna radiation surface comprises two pairs of antenna radiation units which are orthogonally distributed on an antenna medium substrate, each antenna radiation unit is distributed in a square area on the antenna medium substrate, and a plurality of filter circuits and strip lines which are included in the antenna radiation units are continuously arranged along the edge of the square area, so that the filtering of other external frequency band electric waves is realized, the electric length of an antenna radiator circuit is increased on the basis of reducing the size of the antenna, the design of a full-wave dipole antenna is realized, and the gain of the antenna is further increased;
3. the antenna radiation unit is provided with at least two filter circuits which are directly connected in a linear mode, so that shunting is realized, and the isolation and the cross polarization ratio are increased under the condition that the filter bandwidth is not reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a complete model diagram of a vibrator unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing simulation results of S12 parameters of a 7 th-order band-stop filter loaded on an antenna radiation surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of simulation results of S12 parameters of the whole strip line after four-segment 7-order band-stop filters are connected by four-segment strip lines;
FIG. 4 is a graph of Z-parameters from a simulation of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 coupled to a complete matching circuit;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the RCS simulation results measured at 1.4-2.7 GHz after the example of the invention of FIG. 1 is connected to a complete matching circuit;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an array topology of a given example of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of voltage standing wave ratio obtained by simulation of the array shown in FIG. 6 at 1.4-2.7 GHz;
FIG. 8 is a radial directional diagram of the array shown in FIG. 6, simulated at 1.4-2.7 GHz when the 45-degree polarization ports of HP1 and HP2 are excited;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an array including 16 antennas (element A in the figure) operating at 1.4-2.7 GHz and 4 antennas (element B in the figure) operating at 0.69-0.96 GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an array comprising 8 antennas (element A in the figure) operating at 1.4-2.7 GHz and 4 antennas (element B in the figure) operating at 0.69-0.96 GHz, carrying an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an array including 16 antennas (element A in the figure) operating at 1.4 to 2.7GHz and 4 antennas (element B in the figure) operating at 0.69 to 0.96GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The oscillator unit comprises a radiation piece and a balun support, wherein the radiation piece comprises an antenna medium substrate and an antenna radiation surface arranged on the antenna medium substrate, the antenna radiation surface comprises two pairs of antenna radiation units, the two pairs of antenna radiation units are orthogonally distributed on the antenna medium substrate, each antenna radiation unit comprises a plurality of filter circuits which are dispersedly arranged and strip lines used for connecting adjacent filter circuits, the filter circuits are connected in series through the strip lines, the filter circuits are distributed on the antenna medium substrate in a linear mode, and the electric waves of antennas with other frequency bands radiated in space are filtered by adjusting the linear size of the filter circuits.
The line-type distribution of the filter circuit includes, but is not limited to, any one or more of meander lines, spiral lines, sine-distributed lines and cosine-distributed lines, and it should be noted that a plurality of different line-type distributions may be used in combination. If the meander line mode is adopted, meander line-shaped circuits with different lengths and widths, different slit thicknesses or different shapes can be selectively loaded and connected by strip lines when the linear dimension of the filter circuit is adjusted, so that electric waves radiated in a space can be filtered in a very wide frequency band. It should be noted that the meander lines are only one way to implement parallel connection of capacitors and inductors, and any meander line/meander metal tube combination with different dimensional parameters, which is made by uniformly or non-uniformly distributing meander lines with different dimensions in different spaces, or in different layers of a dielectric substrate, or by using wires/metal tubes distributed in a spiral/sine/cosine manner in a plane or space, is within the scope of the present application.
Furthermore, each antenna radiation unit is distributed in a square area on the antenna medium substrate, and a plurality of filter circuits and strip lines which are included in the antenna radiation units are continuously arranged along the edge of the square area, so that the filtering of other external frequency band electric waves is realized, the electric length of an antenna radiation body circuit is increased on the basis of reducing the size of the antenna, the design of a full-wave dipole antenna is realized, and the gain of the antenna is further increased.
Furthermore, at least two filter circuits in the antenna radiation unit are directly connected in a linear mode to realize shunting, and the isolation and the cross polarization ratio can be increased by adopting a circuit shunting mode under the condition of ensuring that the filter bandwidth is not reduced.
Further, the width of the strip line is not smaller than the line width of the filter circuit.
Furthermore, the balun support comprises two orthogonal balun dielectric substrates, and each balun dielectric substrate is provided with a balun and a corresponding matching circuit.
The matching circuit, the filter circuit and the strip line are all realized by printing copper layers on the antenna dielectric substrate/the balun dielectric substrate.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by taking an orthogonal dual-polarized dipole antenna with a filter circuit for 0.69-0.96 GHz as an example in the following:
fig. 1 shows a complete model diagram of an element unit in the ac-dual polarized dipole antenna, where 1-1 is an antenna radiation surface, 1-2 is an antenna dielectric substrate, 1-3(a) and 1-3(b) are a balun and a corresponding matching circuit responsible for inputting two polarized electric fields, and 1-4 is a balun dielectric substrate carrying the two baluns and the corresponding matching circuit.
The planes of the two baluns and the corresponding matching circuits, denoted by 1-3(a) and 1-3(b), are mutually orthogonal in space, so that the antenna can be controlled to radiate +/-45 DEG polarized electric field in space. The length and the width of an antenna radiation surface 1-1 are both 117mm, the overall height of the antenna is 83mm, an antenna dielectric substrate 1-2 is a single-sided board, only one layer of copper is coated, in the example, other dielectric substrates are double-sided boards, the minimum width of a used copper wire is 0.7mm, the maximum width of the used copper wire is 6mm, the material can be determined according to the specific production condition of a manufacturer, in the example shown in fig. 1, the material of the substrate 1-2 used for the antenna radiation surface 1-1 is FR4 series substrate dielectric constant is 4.4; the materials used for the balun dielectric substrates 1-4 are ARLON series substrates, and the dielectric constant is 3.0.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna radiation plane 1-1 is composed of 4 circuits, which are respectively named as 1-1(a), 1-1(b), 1-1(c) and 1-1(d), wherein 1-1(a) and 1-1(c) constitute the radiation plane of one dipole antenna, 1-1(b) and 1-1(d) constitute the radiation plane of the other dipole antenna, and the two dipole antennas are orthogonal to each other and compactly combined together. The four circuits on the antenna radiation surface 1-1 are identical, each circuit is composed of four strip lines and four 7-order band-stop filters, and the principle of the filter branch can be explained as follows: the 7-order filter circuit in the antenna radiation surface 1-1 consists of four bending strip lines with different lengths and different gap widths, and the lines can be regarded as a circuit formed by connecting an inductor and a capacitor in parallel; a wide strip line is arranged between two adjacent bending strip lines, and the wide strip line can be regarded as a circuit for connecting the capacitance-inductance resistor in series to be grounded; the parallel circuit and the series circuit are connected to generate a wider stop band; by modifying the capacitance and inductance values, stop bands can be realized at different frequency bands. Therefore, the band elimination filter circuit with different capacitance values and inductance values is combined, so that the filtering can be realized in a very wide frequency band. Since the higher the order of the filter is, the larger the insertion loss is, a series of simulations show that the 7-order filter circuit has the best effect. The simulation result of the above-mentioned filter circuit is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from the figure that when the current at 1.4-2.7 GHz enters the 7 th-order band-stop filter through the port, only very little energy reaches the other port, and the S12 parameters are all below-40 dB in the frequency band.
The 4 sections of the filter circuits are combined together to increase the electrical length of the circuit, so that the current paths of the two dipole radiation surfaces on the radiator in the given example of the invention reach 1 wavelength. The "1 wavelength" mentioned here refers to the cycle length of the electric wave at a frequency of 0.823 GHz. The circuit simulation results of combining the 4 7 th-order band stop filters with the 4-segment band lines with different widths are shown in fig. 3.
The method comprises the steps of forming a square radiation surface by 4 circuits to serve as a single antenna radiation unit of a full-wave dipole, combining four square radiation surfaces to form a dual-polarized antenna radiation surface 1-1 shown in figure 1, adding a complete matching circuit, and then obtaining a Z parameter simulation result shown in figure 4 and an RCS simulation result shown in figure 5, wherein the RCS simulation result is shown in figure 5, so that the method can realize normal work at 0.69-0.96 GHz while filtering at 1.4-2.7 GHz.
In order to achieve the best use effect, two bending lines which are perpendicular to each other are connected together at the tail ends (namely two ends at the outermost side) of a dipole radiation surface, so that the current is divided, flows through the outermost end along two paths which are orthogonal to each other, and finally the cross polarization ratio and the isolation of the antenna are greatly optimized, wherein the cross polarization ratio of the radiation direction at 0 degrees is 40dB, and the cross polarization ratio of the radiation direction at 60 degrees is 23 dB; the isolation between the two ports is-35 dB, making the isolation and cross-polarization ratio of this example better.
The embodiment is used in a multi-band dual-polarized multiplexing base station antenna array which integrates 3G/4G/5G multi-generation antennas and the like, preferably, the embodiment is simulated together with the topology of 4 dual-polarized base station antennas (hereinafter referred to as HP antennas) working at 1.4-2.7 GHz to verify the reliability of the embodiment, the topological structure is shown in fig. 6, the voltage standing wave ratio simulation result is shown in fig. 7, and when a row of HP antennas are excited, the array radial directional diagram of part of frequency points is shown in fig. 8. It is thus demonstrated that the example given in the present invention can be used normally in a base station, and that this design is feasible.
The invention aims to eliminate cross-band interference in an array consisting of a plurality of antennas used for different frequency bands, aims to eliminate interference generated by antennas working at 0.69-0.96 GHz in the array to antennas working at 1.4-2.7 GHz, and is an array consisting of 16 antennas (array element A in the figure) working at 1.4-2.7 GHz and 4 antennas (array element B in the figure) working at 0.69-0.96 GHz as shown in figure 9, wherein the array element B is loaded with the technical invention, and can work well and efficiently at 1.4-2.7 GHz after simulation and test.
In addition to the array shown in FIG. 9, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the technique can be applied to the following arrays, and the technique can be applied to filtering specific frequency bands in various frequency bands such as 0.69 to 0.96GHz, 1.4 to 2.7GHz, 3.3 to 3.8GHz, etc.
Fig. 10 shows an array formed by 8 antennas (element a in the figure) working at 1.4 to 2.7GHz and 4 antennas (element B in the figure) working at 0.69 to 0.96GHz, according to the present invention, and it should be noted that the topologies of the arrays in fig. 10 and 9 are different, but the element B in the present invention can well filter the electric wave emitted from the element a working at 1.4 to 2.7GHz, so that no scattering or refraction occurs on the element a.
Fig. 11 shows an array formed by 16 antennas (element a in the figure) working at 1.4 to 2.7GHz and 4 antennas (element B in the figure) working at 0.69 to 0.96GHz, and it should be noted that the array element a in the figure 11 can well filter out electric waves emitted from the element B working at 0.69 to 0.96GHz after the targeted design, so that no scattering or refraction occurs on the array element a.
In summary, in the present embodiment, a high-order band-stop filtering structure is loaded on a vibrator working at 0.69 to 0.96GHz to filter an incoming wave emitted by the vibrator working at 1.4 to 2.7 GHz; similarly, a high-order band-stop filter similar to the high-order band-stop filter is loaded on the oscillator working at 1.4-2.7 GHz in a targeted manner, and incoming waves emitted by the oscillator working at 0.69-0.96 GHz can be filtered. Therefore, a high-order band-stop filtering structure similar to the present invention is loaded on the vibrator operating on any frequency band to filter the incoming wave emitted by the vibrator operating on any frequency band, and such technical means should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the gain of the embodiment given by the technical scheme is higher than that of the similar antenna, the size is smaller, the cross polarization ratio is high, the height is low, the cost is lower, the production is easy, and the competitive power is stronger in the market.
The embodiment of the invention also has the following technical effects:
1. by utilizing the broadband dual-polarized filtering antenna, when the multi-frequency multiplexing base station array antenna works at 1.4-2.7 GHz, a directional diagram of the multi-frequency multiplexing base station array antenna is good in performance and free of distortion, and compared with the current technology in the same field at home and abroad, the multi-frequency multiplexing base station array antenna has wider filtering bandwidth and better filtering effect.
2. The square radiation surface is adopted in the embodiment of the invention, the dipoles on the radiation surface are full-wavelength dipoles, so that the gain is about 10dBi in the working frequency band, the half-power beam width is kept within the range of 65+/-5 degrees, and the current level in the industry is reached.
3. By means of circuit orthogonal shunting, the dual-port isolation degree of the dual-polarized antenna reaches-35 dB, and the cross polarization ratio reaches 40 dB.
4. The size of the antenna is only 117mm by 83mm, the material is cheap, and the process is simple.
5. When the antenna is used in a compact base station array integrated by various antennas, the cross-band interference to other antennas is hardly generated. And the required cost is very low, and the method is suitable for mass production.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The oscillator unit, including radiation spare and balun support, the radiation spare includes antenna dielectric substrate and the antenna radiation face of setting on antenna dielectric substrate, and the antenna radiation face includes two pairs of antenna radiation units, its characterized in that: each antenna radiation unit comprises a plurality of filter circuits which are dispersedly arranged and a strip line which is used for connecting the adjacent filter circuits, the filter circuits are connected in series through the strip line, the filter circuits are distributed on the antenna medium substrate in a linear mode, and the electric waves of the antenna with other frequency bands radiated in the space are filtered by adjusting the linear type and the linear size of the filter circuits.
2. The vibrator unit according to claim 1, wherein: the two pairs of antenna radiation units are orthogonally distributed on the antenna dielectric substrate.
3. The vibrator unit according to claim 2, wherein: each antenna radiation unit is distributed in a square area on the antenna dielectric substrate, and a plurality of filter circuits and strip lines included in the antenna radiation units are continuously arranged along the edge of the square area.
4. The vibrator unit according to claim 3, wherein: at least two filter circuits are directly connected in a line type to realize shunting.
5. Vibrator unit according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the line-shaped distribution mode of the filter circuit comprises any one or more of a meander line, a spiral line, a sine-shaped distribution line and a cosine-shaped distribution line.
6. The vibrator unit according to claim 5, wherein: the filter circuits are distributed on the same/different layers of the antenna dielectric substrate.
7. The vibrator unit according to claim 6, wherein: the width of the strip line is not less than the line width of the filter circuit.
8. The vibrator unit according to claim 7, wherein: the balun support comprises two orthogonal balun dielectric substrates, and each balun dielectric substrate is provided with a balun and a corresponding matching circuit.
9. The vibrator unit according to claim 8, wherein: the matching circuit, the filter circuit and the strip line are all realized by printing copper layers on the antenna dielectric substrate/the balun dielectric substrate.
10. A base station antenna, characterized by: comprising at least one element unit according to any of the claims 1-9, the bottom of which element unit is provided with a base for mounting it on a base station antenna.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111441992.8A CN114243268A (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Vibrator unit and base station antenna |
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| CN202111441992.8A CN114243268A (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Vibrator unit and base station antenna |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114976613A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-30 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | Radiation unit and antenna device |
| CN115632226A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-01-20 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Dual-band base station antenna |
| WO2024125087A1 (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-06-20 | 中信科移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Low-frequency filtering radiation unit and antenna array |
-
2021
- 2021-11-30 CN CN202111441992.8A patent/CN114243268A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114976613A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-30 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | Radiation unit and antenna device |
| WO2024125087A1 (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-06-20 | 中信科移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Low-frequency filtering radiation unit and antenna array |
| CN115632226A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-01-20 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Dual-band base station antenna |
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