CN114243028A - Current collector and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Current collector and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114243028A CN114243028A CN202111639942.0A CN202111639942A CN114243028A CN 114243028 A CN114243028 A CN 114243028A CN 202111639942 A CN202111639942 A CN 202111639942A CN 114243028 A CN114243028 A CN 114243028A
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- current collector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/664—Ceramic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery correlation, and discloses a current collector and a preparation method thereof. And the functional layer is embedded with heat-conducting filler with high heat conductivity coefficient. Therefore, the heat conductivity coefficient of the functional layer is remarkably improved, and the heat is favorably and quickly dissipated when the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery is increased, so that the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery caused by local overheating is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a current collector and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in the fields of electronic equipment, electric vehicles, power grid energy storage and the like due to their high energy density and long cycle life. As the energy density of lithium ion batteries is higher, the problem of battery safety is more and more prominent. Therefore, it is very important to improve the energy density and the safety of the lithium ion battery. The current collector plays a role of transporting electrons as part of the lithium ion battery assembly, but its excessively high mass has a non-negligible effect on the energy density of the battery. Therefore, a great deal of work reports plasticized current collectors based on polymer/metal composite films, and the composite material can improve the battery energy density and the battery safety. Patent CN111048788 designs a scheme of using a metal layer as a current collector on both sides of a polymer film by vapor deposition, and when a battery experiences thermal runaway caused by internal short circuit, the composite current collector can effectively prevent the thermal runaway. However, when the battery is subjected to overcharge, overdischarge or external short circuit, the composite current collector scheme cannot play any positive role, but rather, the polymer film has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, so that heat cannot be effectively dissipated when the battery is heated, and thermal runaway of the battery is seriously deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a polymer-based composite current collector with better heat dissipation capacity and a preparation method thereof, aiming at improving the heat conduction capacity of a polymer film so as to effectively prevent thermal runaway caused by local overheating of a battery.
The invention provides a composite current collector and a preparation method thereof, wherein the current collector comprises a functional layer, an enhancement layer and a metal layer, the two opposite surfaces of the functional layer are respectively provided with the enhancement layer, and the surface of the enhancement layer far away from the functional layer is provided with the metal layer.
Further, the functional layer is a polymer film substrate, and the material of the functional layer comprises one or a mixture of more than two of polyether ether ketone, polysulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene naphthalate and cellulose film.
Further, the functional layer contains a heat conducting filler, the heat conducting filler can be an inorganic insulating material or an inorganic non-insulating material, and the inorganic insulating material is Al2O3One or more of BN, AlN, ZnO and MgO; the non-insulating heat conduction material is one or more of metal powder, graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nano tube and graphene with high electric conductivity and thermal conductivity.
Further, the reinforcement layer may include an inorganic metal or metal oxide, such as at least one of zinc, tin, nickel, aluminum, copper, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide; the rubber also can comprise an organic polymer binder, wherein the organic polymer binder comprises one or more than two of natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber and polysulfide rubber.
Further, the thickness of the enhancement layer is 5-500 nm.
Further, the solid content of the emulsion of the organic polymer binder is 1-50%; the thickness of the enhancement layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2000 nm.
Further, the metal layer comprises more than one of aluminum, nickel, copper, chromium and titanium.
Further, the thickness of the metal layer is 20 nm-5000 nm.
The invention also provides the current collector and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, carrying out melt blending on a heat-conducting filler and a high-molecular master batch, and preparing a functional film by a tape casting technology;
(2) carrying out plasma treatment on the thin film functional layer to activate the surface of the thin film functional layer;
(3) and placing the activated film on a substrate subjected to evaporation coating to prepare a metal layer with a certain thickness, so as to obtain the required composite current collector.
Based on the scheme of the invention, the composite current collector disclosed by the invention can effectively inhibit the influence of overhigh local temperature on the battery when the battery is heated, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the battery.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the composite current collector and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention obviously improves the heat dissipation capability of the polymer base material and the whole composite current collector because of containing the specific filler with high heat conductivity coefficient.
2. The polymer substrate can increase the roughness of the surface after being filled with the heat-conducting filler, so that the adhesion of the enhancement layer is facilitated, the anchor points formed on the surface of the film are promoted, and the adhesion effect between the functional layer and the enhancement layer is obviously enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the novel composite current collector provided by the present invention.
Wherein: 1-functional layer, 2-reinforcing layer, 3-metal layer and 4-heat conducting filler.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to several specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the composite current collector provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting polypropylene granules as a base material, adding 40% of alumina as a heat-conducting filler for melt blending, and carrying out tape casting on the blended material to form a film;
(2) processing the upper and lower surfaces of the thin film functional layer by adopting plasma, and evaporating an aluminum oxide enhancement layer with the thickness of 20nm on the upper and lower surfaces of the functional layer;
(3) and continuously placing the film evaporated with the aluminum oxide on a substrate of an evaporation coating machine to prepare a metal aluminum layer with the thickness of about 800nm, thus obtaining the required novel composite current collector.
Example 2
The preparation method of the composite current collector provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting polypropylene granules as a base material, adding 40% of aluminum nitride as a heat-conducting filler for melt blending, and carrying out tape casting on the blended material to form a film;
(2) processing the upper and lower surfaces of the thin film functional layer by adopting plasma, and evaporating an aluminum oxide enhancement layer with the thickness of 20nm on the upper and lower surfaces of the functional layer;
(3) and continuously placing the film evaporated with the aluminum oxide on a substrate of an evaporation coating machine to prepare a metal aluminum layer with the thickness of about 800nm, thus obtaining the required novel composite current collector.
Example 3
The preparation method of the composite current collector provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting polypropylene granules as a base material, adding 40% of aluminum nitride as a heat-conducting filler for melt blending, and carrying out tape casting on the blended material to form a film;
(2) treating the upper surface and the lower surface of the film functional layer by adopting plasma, coating a layer of styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion on the upper surface and the lower surface of the functional layer to be used as an enhancement layer, wherein the thickness of the cured enhancement layer is 500 nm;
(3) and continuously placing the film coated with the enhancement layer on a substrate of an evaporation coating machine to prepare a metal aluminum layer with the thickness of about 800nm, thus obtaining the required novel composite current collector.
Example 4
The preparation method of the composite current collector provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting polypropylene granules as a base material, adding 40% of carbon fiber as a heat-conducting filler for melt blending, and carrying out tape casting on the blended material to form a film;
(2) treating the upper surface and the lower surface of the film functional layer by adopting plasma, coating a layer of styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion on the upper surface and the lower surface of the functional layer to be used as an enhancement layer, wherein the thickness of the cured enhancement layer is 500 nm;
(3) and continuously placing the film coated with the enhancement layer on a substrate of an evaporation coating machine to prepare a metal aluminum layer with the thickness of about 800nm, thus obtaining the required novel composite current collector.
Example 5
The preparation method of the composite current collector provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting polypropylene granules as a base material, adding 40% of carbon nanotubes as a heat-conducting filler for melt blending, and carrying out tape casting on the blended material to form a film;
(2) processing the upper and lower surfaces of the thin film functional layer by adopting plasma, and evaporating a layer of aluminum oxide as an enhancement layer on the upper and lower surfaces of the functional layer, wherein the thickness of the enhancement layer is 20 nm;
(3) and continuously placing the film coated with the enhancement layer on a substrate of an evaporation coating machine to prepare a metal aluminum layer with the thickness of about 800nm, thus obtaining the required novel composite current collector.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the composite current collector provided by the comparative example comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, carrying out plasma treatment on the surface of a polymer film substrate;
(2) processing the upper and lower surfaces of the thin film functional layer by adopting plasma, and evaporating a layer of aluminum oxide as an enhancement layer on the upper and lower surfaces of the functional layer, wherein the thickness of the enhancement layer is 20 nm;
(3) and continuously placing the film on a substrate subjected to evaporation coating to prepare a metal aluminum layer with the thickness of about 800nm, thus obtaining the composite current collector.
The metallized plastic films of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 were tested for thermal conductivity and the results shown in table 1 were obtained.
Table 1 thermal conductivity test data for the novel composite current collectors.
From the table, the heat conductivity coefficient of the novel composite current collector is far superior to that of the comparative example 1, and therefore the heat dissipation capacity of the composite current collector is effectively improved.
It should be noted that, according to the disclosure and the explanation of the above description, the person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may make variations and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some equivalent modifications and variations of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A composite current collector, characterized by:
the novel composite current collector comprises a functional layer, an enhancement layer and a metal layer, wherein the two opposite surfaces of the functional layer are respectively provided with the enhancement layer, the enhancement layer is far away from the surface of the functional layer, the metal layer is arranged on the surface of the functional layer, and a heat-conducting filler is embedded in the functional layer.
2. The composite current collector of claim 1, wherein: the functional layer comprises one or the mixture of more than two of polyether-ether-ketone, polysulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene naphthalate and cellulose-based membrane.
3. The composite current collector of claim 1, wherein: the heat-conducting filler comprises an inorganic insulating filler and Al2O3BN, AlN, ZnO, MgO, etc.; the non-insulating heat-conducting plastic filler comprises metal powder, graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nano tube, graphene and the like with high electric conductivity and heat conductivity.
4. The composite current collector of claim 1, wherein: the metal layer comprises more than one of aluminum, nickel, copper, chromium and titanium.
5. The composite current collector of claim 1, wherein: the enhancement layer comprises inorganic metal or metal oxide including at least one of zinc, tin, nickel, aluminum, copper, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide, and the thickness of the enhancement layer is 5-500 nm; the organic polymer binder comprises one or more than two of natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber and polysulfide rubber.
6. The composite current collector of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the thickness of the metal layer is 20 nm-5000 nm.
7. A method of preparing a composite current collector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, carrying out melt blending on a heat-conducting filler and a high-molecular master batch, and preparing a functional film;
(2) carrying out plasma treatment on the surface of the film;
(3) preparing an enhancement layer on the surface of the film;
(4) and placing the film with the enhancement layer on the substrate of the evaporation coating film to prepare a metal layer with a certain thickness, thus obtaining the required composite current collector.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111350296 | 2021-11-15 | ||
| CN2021113502966 | 2021-11-15 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114243028A true CN114243028A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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| CN202111639942.0A Pending CN114243028A (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2021-12-29 | Current collector and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117012981A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-11-07 | 浙江柔震科技有限公司 | Welding method for coiled material and tab of composite current collector |
| WO2023216348A1 (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-16 | 扬州纳力新材料科技有限公司 | High-thermal-conductivity current collector of secondary battery and preparation method therefor |
| WO2023216347A1 (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-16 | 扬州纳力新材料科技有限公司 | Highly elastic composite current collector and preparation method therefor |
| WO2024000802A1 (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | 扬州纳力新材料科技有限公司 | Composite current collector and preparation method therefor, electrode plate, battery, and electronic device |
| WO2024086989A1 (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-05-02 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Composite current collector, positive electrode sheet, electrochemical device, and electric apparatus |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023216348A1 (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-16 | 扬州纳力新材料科技有限公司 | High-thermal-conductivity current collector of secondary battery and preparation method therefor |
| WO2023216347A1 (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-16 | 扬州纳力新材料科技有限公司 | Highly elastic composite current collector and preparation method therefor |
| WO2024000802A1 (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | 扬州纳力新材料科技有限公司 | Composite current collector and preparation method therefor, electrode plate, battery, and electronic device |
| WO2024086989A1 (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-05-02 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Composite current collector, positive electrode sheet, electrochemical device, and electric apparatus |
| CN117012981A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-11-07 | 浙江柔震科技有限公司 | Welding method for coiled material and tab of composite current collector |
| CN117012981B (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2024-04-16 | 浙江柔震科技有限公司 | Welding method for coiled material and tab of composite current collector |
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