CN114236796B - Visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system - Google Patents
Visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114236796B CN114236796B CN202111555783.6A CN202111555783A CN114236796B CN 114236796 B CN114236796 B CN 114236796B CN 202111555783 A CN202111555783 A CN 202111555783A CN 114236796 B CN114236796 B CN 114236796B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0804—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors
- G02B17/0808—Catadioptric systems using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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Abstract
The invention provides a visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system, comprising: a reflective objective lens group and a transmissive eyepiece group; the reflective objective lens group comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror; the transmission type eyepiece group comprises a field lens group and a collimation lens group; the first reflecting mirror is provided with a central hole; the second reflector is arranged in front of the first reflector and forms a Cassegrain structure with the first reflector; the field lens group is arranged in the center of the first reflecting mirror, and the collimating lens group is arranged behind the field lens group; the field lens group and the collimating lens group consist of lenses; the light beam enters the field lens group after twice reflection of the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror, the field lens group is used for narrowing the light beam range, so that the light beam in the narrowed range enters the collimating lens group, and the light beam is refracted by the collimating lens group and then exits as parallel light. The invention realizes large-caliber, multiband and common-caliber imaging, has compact structure and good adaptability; the method has the advantages of good imaging quality, high transfer function, small distortion and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system.
Background
The afocal optical system is an optical system in which the incident wave front and the emergent wave front are plane waves, and the afocal optical system has no converging and diverging effects on the light beam and is also called a telescope system. The afocal optical system may be used as part of an imaging optical system in addition to conventional telescopes, laser beam expansion. Particularly in an optical system requiring image motion compensation or image stabilization, the zoom effect of an afocal optical system on a light beam is utilized, a small-caliber plane mirror (namely, a quick reflector Fast Steering Mirror) is arranged between the afocal optical system and an imaging optical system, and relative motion between a target and an image in the exposure period of a detector, such as an optical system of a moving platform of a satellite, an onboard vehicle or the like, is eliminated through rotation of the quick reflector.
When the aperture exceeds 200mm, the optical system is not suitable to be realized in a pure transmissive form due to the limitation of the lens material. The off-axis reflection type afocal light path is adopted, so that the problems of large caliber, multiband and common aperture can be solved, but the processing difficulty, the installation and adjustment difficulty and the processing cost are high, and meanwhile, the volume size is larger.
For the design of a large-caliber, multiband and common-caliber afocal optical system, the traditional transmission type optical system is limited by materials, and has the defects of large design difficulty, complex system and large size. The off-axis reflective optical path is adopted, so that the problems of high processing and adjusting difficulty and high processing cost exist, and the volume size is difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a large-caliber, multiband and common-caliber visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system, which effectively controls stray light by adopting a keplerian telescope structure form, and can respectively implement chromatic aberration correction, field curvature correction and distortion correction in visible light and medium wave infrared bands, and the imaging quality reaches diffraction limits in both bands.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the invention provides a visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system, comprising: a reflective objective lens group and a transmissive eyepiece group;
the reflective objective lens group comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror; the transmission type eyepiece group comprises a field lens group and a collimation lens group;
the first reflecting mirror is provided with a central hole; the second reflector is arranged in front of the first reflector and forms a Cassegrain structure with the first reflector; the field lens group is arranged in the center Kong Chuyang of the first reflecting mirror, and the collimating lens group is arranged behind the field lens group; the field lens group and the collimating lens group consist of lenses;
the light beam enters the field lens group after twice reflection of the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror, the field lens group is used for correcting field curvature and narrowing the light beam range, so that the light beam in the narrowing range enters the collimating lens group, the collimating lens group is used for correcting chromatic aberration, and the light beam is emergent in parallel after being refracted by the collimating lens group.
Preferably, the field lens group sequentially includes, from a light beam incident direction: the first field lens, the second field lens and the third field lens are arranged behind the first field lens and are provided with an intermediate image plane; the light beam is refracted by the first field lens and then imaged on the intermediate image plane, and then enters the collimating lens group after being refracted by the second field lens and the third field lens.
Preferably, the collimating lens group sequentially includes, from a light beam incident direction: a first collimating lens, a second collimating lens, a third collimating lens, and a fourth collimating lens; the front surface of the first collimating lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the first collimating lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the second collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the second collimating lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the third collimating lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third collimating lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the fourth collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the fourth collimating lens is a convex spherical surface.
Preferably, the rear of the collimating lens group is an exit pupil, and the light beam is changed into parallel light after being refracted by the collimating lens group, and the parallel light passes through the exit pupil to exit.
Preferably, the first mirror and the second mirror are quadric, higher order aspheric, or freeform surfaces.
Preferably, the materials of the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror are SiC, aluminum, microcrystalline glass or beryllium aluminum alloy respectively.
Preferably, all lenses in the transmissive eyepiece group are spherical, quadric or higher order aspheres.
Preferably, the front surface of the first field lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the second field lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the third field lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface is a convex spherical surface; the first field lens and the third field lens are made of BaF 2 The material of the second field lens is ZnS.
Preferably, the material of the first collimating mirror is ZnS, and the material of the second collimating mirror and the material of the third collimating mirror are BaF 2 The fourth collimating mirror is made of SPINEL.
The visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system provided by the invention has the entrance pupil diameter D 1 An exit pupil diameter of D 2 The beam compression ratio of the optical system is the view magnification and is equal to the angle magnification, and the calculation formula is as follows: Γ= -D 1 /D 2 The optical system vision magnification provided by the invention meets the condition: gamma is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 15, and the diameter D of the entrance pupil 1 The conditions are satisfied: d is 200mm or less 1 ≤600mm。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) Large caliber, multiband, common caliber;
the optical system provided by the invention is of a coaxial refraction and reflection optical structure, and the system can simultaneously perform high-quality imaging on visible and medium-wave infrared wave bands by utilizing reasonable matching of different optical materials, so that the system has the advantages of large caliber, multiple wave bands and common caliber.
2) The structure is compact, and the fitting property is good;
the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are arranged on the same optical axis, the field curvature is corrected by the field lens group at the middle image surface, and chromatic aberration is corrected by the collimating lens group, so that the structure is compact, and the assembly is easy to realize.
3) The imaging quality is good, the transfer function is high, and the distortion is small;
the invention can realize larger angle magnification by reasonable design and matching of the optical lens group, and the imaging quality is close to diffraction limit in visible light and medium wave infrared wave bands; the distortion is small, the visible light wave band is only 0.017%, and the medium wave infrared wave band is only 0.025%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an MTF curve of a visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system in a visible light band according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an MTF curve of a visible-mid-wave infrared afocal optical system in a mid-wave infrared band according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of field curvature and distortion curves of a visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system in a visible light band according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of field curvature and distortion curve of a visible light-mid-wave infrared afocal optical system in a mid-wave infrared band according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a color defocus curve of a visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system in a broadband according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein reference numerals include: a first mirror 1, a second mirror 2, a field lens group 3, a first field lens 31, a second field lens 32, a third field lens 33, a collimator lens group 4, a first collimator lens 41, a second collimator lens 42, a third collimator lens 43, a fourth collimator lens 44, an intermediate image plane 5 and an exit pupil 6.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like modules are denoted by like reference numerals. In the case of the same reference numerals, their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, a detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a structure of a visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system structure includes: a reflective objective lens group, a transmissive eyepiece lens group, an intermediate image plane 5 and an exit pupil 6. The optical path can compress the incident parallel wide light beam from the target into parallel beamlets, and an imaging objective lens is arranged behind the afocal optical system to realize imaging of the optical system, wherein the imaging objective lens can be a single-band (visible light or medium-wave infrared) objective lens or a multiband (visible light and medium-wave infrared) objective lens.
The reflection type objective lens group comprises: a first mirror 1 and a second mirror 2.
The entrance pupil or aperture stop of the optical system is located on the first mirror 1, the second mirror 2 is located in front of the first mirror 1, and the reflective surfaces of the first mirror 1 and the second mirror 2 are opposite. The first reflecting mirror 1 and the second reflecting mirror 2 are quadric surfaces, wherein the first reflecting mirror 1 is a paraboloid, and the focal power is positive; the second mirror 2 is hyperbolic and has a negative optical power. The first mirror 1 and the second mirror 2 may be higher order aspherical surfaces or free-form surfaces. The first mirror 1 is provided with a central aperture. The first reflecting mirror 1 and the second reflecting mirror 2 are made of SiC, aluminum, microcrystalline glass, beryllium aluminum alloy and other materials.
The transmissive eyepiece group includes: a field lens group 3 and a collimation lens group 4. All lenses in the transmissive eyepiece group are spherical, quadric or higher order aspheric. The field lens group 3 is placed in the center of the center hole of the first reflecting mirror 1 and is positioned at the middle image surface 5 of the reflecting objective lens group, and is used for correcting field curvature generated by the objective lens group and the eyepiece lens group and controlling the position of an exit pupil. The collimator lens set 4 is placed behind the field lens set 3. The lenses in the field lens group 3 and the collimating lens group 4 provided by the embodiment of the invention are standard spherical lenses.
The field lens group 3 includes: a first field lens 31, a second field lens 32 and a third field lens 33. The first field lens 31 and the third field lens 33 are both BaF 2 The second field lens 32 is made of ZnS material.
The collimator lens group 4 includes: a first collimating lens 41, a second collimating lens 42, a third collimating lens 43 and a fourth collimating lens 44. At least 3 materials are selected for correcting chromatic aberration, wherein the first material is barium fluoride for positive lenses, the second material is zinc sulfide or zinc selenide for negative lenses, and the third material is spinel or sapphire or YAG crystal material for negative lenses. In the embodiment provided by the invention, the first collimating mirror 41 is made of ZnS material, and the second collimating mirror 42 and the third collimating mirror 43 are made of BaF 2 (barium fluoride) material, SPINEL (SPINEL) material is used for the fourth collimator 44. Through the use of the materials, the chromatic aberration correction can be realized simultaneously in the visible light band and the intermediate wave infrared band.
The incident light enters the first field lens 31 in the field lens group 3 after being reflected twice by the first mirror 1 and the second mirror 2. After the intermediate image plane 5 is imaged, the beam range is narrowed through the second field lens 32 and the third field lens 33, so that the beam enters the collimating lens group 4, and after being refracted through the collimating lens group 4, the beam exits in parallel through the exit pupil 6, and the exit pupil 6 can be the exit pupil of a telescope lens or can be used as a subsequent quick reflector for image motion compensation.
The imaging of the visible light wave band and the intermediate wave infrared wave band is not completely confocal, the visible light is a plane wave, the intermediate wave infrared is a quasi-plane wave, or the visible light is a quasi-plane wave, the intermediate wave infrared is a plane, and the embodiment provided by the invention is the former.
The technical indexes of the visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system provided by the embodiment of the invention are as follows: working wave band: visible light wave band 0.6-0.8 μm, infrared wave band 3.7-4.8 μm; entrance pupil diameter: 250mm; angle of view: Φ=1.5°; visual magnification: -7.500 × (visible); -7.466 × (Infrared).
Fig. 2 shows an MTF curve of a visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention in a visible light band.
Fig. 3 shows an MTF curve of the visible-mid-wave infrared afocal optical system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention in the mid-wave infrared band.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the imaging quality has reached the diffraction limit in both the visible and mid-wave infrared bands.
Fig. 4 shows a field curvature and a distortion curve of a visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system in a visible light band according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a field curvature and a distortion curve of a visible-mid-wave infrared afocal optical system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention in a mid-wave infrared band.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the optical system provided by the invention has small imaging distortion in the visible light band and the mid-wave infrared band.
Fig. 6 shows a color defocus curve of a visible-mid-wave infrared afocal optical system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention in a broad band.
As shown in fig. 6, the optical system provided by the present invention corrects chromatic aberration in both the visible light band and the mid-wave infrared band.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
The above embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any of various other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system, comprising: a reflective objective lens group and a transmissive eyepiece group;
the reflective objective lens group comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror; the transmission type eyepiece group comprises a field lens group and a collimation lens group;
the first reflecting mirror is provided with a central hole; the second reflector is arranged in front of the first reflector and forms a Cassegrain structure with the first reflector; the field lens group is placed at the central hole of the first reflecting mirror, and the collimating lens group is placed behind the field lens group; the field lens group and the collimating lens group consist of lenses;
the light beam enters the field lens group after being reflected twice by the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror, the field lens group is used for correcting field curvature and narrowing the light beam range, so that the light beam in the narrowed range enters the collimating lens group, the collimating lens group is used for correcting chromatic aberration, and the light beam is emergent in parallel after being refracted by the collimating lens group;
the collimating lens group sequentially comprises the following components from the incidence direction of the light beam: a first collimating lens, a second collimating lens, a third collimating lens, and a fourth collimating lens; the front surface of the first collimating lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the first collimating lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the second collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the second collimating lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the third collimating lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third collimating lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the fourth collimating lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the fourth collimating lens is a convex spherical surface;
the field lens group sequentially comprises the following components from the incidence direction of the light beam: the front surface of the first field lens is a convex spherical surface, and the rear surface of the first field lens is a concave spherical surface; the front surface of the second field lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the second field lens is a convex spherical surface; the front surface of the third field lens is a concave spherical surface, and the rear surface of the third field lens is a convex spherical surface;
the working wave band of the optical system provided by the invention is as follows: the visible light wave band is 0.6-0.8 μm, the infrared wave band is 3.7-4.8 μm; the diameter of the entrance pupil is 250mm; the angle of view is 1.5 °; the visual amplification rates of the visible light wave band and the infrared light wave band are respectively-7.500 × And-7.466 × 。
2. The visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein the field lens group comprises, in order from the light beam incident direction: the device comprises a first field lens, a second field lens and a third field lens, wherein an intermediate image plane is arranged behind the first field lens; the light beam is refracted by the first field lens and then imaged on the intermediate image plane, and the light beam enters the collimating lens group after being refracted by the second field lens and the third field lens.
3. The visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system according to claim 2, wherein an exit pupil is behind the collimating lens group, and the light beam is refracted by the collimating lens group to become parallel light, and the parallel light exits through the exit pupil.
4. The visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system of claim 3, wherein the first mirror and the second mirror are quadric, higher order aspheric, or freeform surfaces.
5. The visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system according to claim 4, wherein the materials of the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror are SiC, aluminum, glass-ceramic, or beryllium-aluminum alloy, respectively.
6. The visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system of claim 5, wherein all lenses in the transmissive eyepiece group are spherical, quadric, or higher order aspheres.
7. The visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system of claim 6, wherein the material of the first field lens and the third field lens is BaF 2 The second field lens is made of ZnS.
8. The visible-medium wave infrared afocal optical system according to claim 7, wherein the material of the first collimating mirror is ZnS, and the material of the second collimating mirror and the third collimating mirror is BaF 2 The fourth collimating mirror is made of SPINEL.
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| CN202111555783.6A CN114236796B (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | Visible light-medium wave infrared afocal optical system |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4695119A (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1987-09-22 | Barr & Stroud Limited | Infrared optical system |
| CN109343206A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of infrared optical system and optical device |
| CN111258042A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 | Catadioptric dual-waveband afocal optical system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109298517B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-10-30 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Multispectral coaxial catadioptric afocal optical system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4695119A (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1987-09-22 | Barr & Stroud Limited | Infrared optical system |
| CN109343206A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of infrared optical system and optical device |
| CN111258042A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 | Catadioptric dual-waveband afocal optical system |
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