CN114235614A - Anti-scouring test system and method for sprayed soil body - Google Patents
Anti-scouring test system and method for sprayed soil body Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil material testing, in particular to a spraying soil body anti-scouring testing system and a method, which can adjust and control rainfall, can detect the shape change before and after scouring, and evaluate the anti-scouring capability of a soil body through three-dimensional imaging shot twice before and after scouring in combination with impact force data transmitted by a pressure detection unit; the system comprises a spraying unit, a laser scanner, a test block, a pressure detection unit and a data storage unit, wherein the spraying unit simulates a rainfall scouring process and can spray and scour the test block, and the laser scanner is used for shooting three-dimensional images of the test block before and after scouring; the pressure detection unit monitors the impact force of spray water on the surface of the test block in the spray washing process; the data storage unit stores data transmitted by the laser scanner and the pressure detection unit; the invention can realize automatic simulation of rainfall erosion process, observe the anti-erosion capability of the soil sample through laser scanning and pressure detection, and has the advantages of advanced technology, objective data, automatic operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil material testing, in particular to a spraying soil body anti-scouring testing system and a method.
Background
Soil body side slope, rammed earth city wall, soil body dam often suffer from rainfall and erode, and improper protection can lead to soil slope, wall body, dam to be erodeed, causes the problem such as side slope unstability, city wall collapse, dam break. The detection of the anti-scouring capability of soil is an important means for protecting side slopes, city walls and dams. The commonly used method for detecting the anti-scouring capability of the soil body is a mechanical calculation method, a numerical simulation method and a soaking method. However, the traditional mechanical calculation method and the numerical simulation method cannot accurately reflect the action of the soil body structure, and the rainwater impact force is not considered in the soaking method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a spraying soil body anti-scouring test system and a method, which can automatically adjust and control rainfall, can detect the shape change before and after scouring, and can quantitatively judge the anti-scouring capability of a soil body through the mass of the soil body scoured.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a spraying soil body anti-scouring test system which comprises a spraying unit, a laser scanner, a test block, a pressure detection unit and a data storage unit, wherein the spraying unit simulates a rainfall scouring process and can perform spraying scouring on the test block, and the laser scanner is used for shooting three-dimensional images of the test block before and after the spraying scouring; the pressure detection unit is used for monitoring the impact force of spray water on the surface of the test block in the spray washing process; the data storage unit stores data transmitted by the laser scanner and the pressure detection unit.
In a possible technical scheme, the spraying unit is arranged right above the test block and comprises a sprayer, the sprayer is connected with a water inlet pipe, the top wall and the side wall of the sprayer are hermetically connected, and a water spraying hole is formed in the bottom end of the sprayer.
In a possible technical scheme, an electric heating plate is arranged on the upper side of the water spray hole on the top wall of the sprayer, the lower end of the electric heating plate is connected with a telescopic needle through a two-way shape memory alloy, the telescopic needle is in a vertical conical shape, and the telescopic needle is opposite to the water spray hole in the vertical direction.
In a possible technical scheme, the laser scanner is connected with the transverse telescopic mechanism, and the laser scanner moves to the upper part of the test block to shoot a three-dimensional image before and after washing.
In a possible technical scheme, the pressure detection unit is arranged in the sensing frame inside the test block, the wireless pressure sensing processor is arranged on the sensing frame, the test block column core is arranged inside the test block, and the sensing frame and the outer soil body are sequentially connected to the outer side of the test block column core.
In a possible technical scheme, the test block center of column is the cylinder, the sensing frame includes two half-cylindrical netted support bodies of rotating the connection, and the support body can surround the lateral surface of test block center of column, has arranged a plurality ofly on the support body wireless pressure sensing treater, wireless pressure sensing treater include the piezoelectric type pressure sensor and the signal transmission ware be connected with miniature electrical signal processor.
In a possible technical scheme, a flushing frame is arranged below the spraying unit, an object placing plate is arranged on the flushing frame, the test block is arranged on the object placing plate through a test block base, a water leakage hole is formed in the object placing plate, and a water outlet is formed in the lower side of the flushing frame.
In a possible technical scheme, the flushing frame is arranged on the lower side of the object placing plate and provided with an ultrafiltration membrane.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for testing the anti-scour of a sprayed soil body, which is implemented according to any one of the above-mentioned systems for testing the anti-scour of a sprayed soil body, and comprises the following steps:
s1, controlling a transverse telescopic mechanism through a computer, extending the transverse telescopic mechanism forwards before rainfall erosion starts, shooting a three-dimensional image of the test block by adopting a laser scanner, and retracting the transverse telescopic mechanism after shooting;
s2, the spraying unit starts to work, water enters the spraying unit from the water inlet pipe, the temperature change of the electric heating plate is controlled through the computer, the stretching deformation of the two-way shape memory alloy is promoted, and therefore the stretching needle is controlled to stretch up and down in the water spraying hole, and the effect of adjusting the rainfall is achieved; when the spraying unit begins to fall into the rain, the washed mud water flows to the ultrafiltration membrane below through the water leakage holes;
s3, after the spraying unit is flushed, the transverse telescopic mechanism extends out, a laser scanner is used for shooting the three-dimensional image of the test block again, the three-dimensional image is stored in a computer, and the two shooting images are compared through the computer;
s4, in the scouring process, the wireless pressure sensing processor monitors the impact force of rainwater on the surface of the test block and transmits data to the computer for storage;
s5, the ultrafiltration membrane receives the muddy water leaked from the water leakage holes, filtering is carried out, residual soil particles are obtained after filtering, and the muddy water flows out of the water outlet through the ultrafiltration membrane;
and S6, measuring the mass of the soil body after the residual soil particles are filtered by the ultrafiltration membrane and washed.
In the above technical solution, the spray flushing time of the spray unit in the step S2 is 5 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the rainfall erosion process is simulated by designing the spraying unit, the rainfall erosion process has a spraying function, the erosion force of actual rainfall on a soil body is provided, the three-dimensional images are shot on the test block by adopting the laser scanner before and after the erosion respectively, the three-dimensional images are transmitted to the data storage unit, the three-dimensional images shot twice are compared and observed, and the change of the test block before and after the erosion under the rainfall erosion condition simulated by the spraying unit is analyzed; the pressure detection unit monitors the impact force of spray water on the surface of the test block in the spray flushing process in real time and transmits data to the data storage unit for storage; the anti-scouring capability of the soil body is evaluated through three-dimensional imaging shot twice before and after scouring by combining impact force data transmitted by the pressure detection unit; the system can adopt a computer control system to uniformly control all the constituent units, carry out parameter configuration on the whole flow of the soil body anti-scouring test, realize the automatic simulation of the rainfall scouring process, observe the anti-scouring capability of a soil body sample through laser scanning and pressure detection, have the advantages of advanced technology, objective data, automatic operation and the like, and provide a modern solution for the soil body anti-scouring test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sprayed soil anti-scour test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a spray unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a spray unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bottom and sprayer separation configuration of the spray unit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the two-way shape memory alloy and the retractable needle;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the test block and the ultrafiltration membrane on the washing frame;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a punch holder;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the test block, the test block base and the object placing plate;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultrafiltration membrane;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a core of a test block and a sensor frame;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless pressure sensing processor;
reference numerals: 1. erecting a rod; 2. a water inlet pipe; 3. a spraying unit; 4. an electric hot plate; 5. a two-way shape memory alloy; 6. a needle is retracted; 7. a water spray hole; 8. a computer; 9. a laser scanner; 10. a telescopic rod; 11. a knob of the telescopic rod; 12. testing blocks; 13. a sensing frame; 14. a piezoelectric pressure sensor; 15. a micro electrical signal processor; 16. a signal transmitter; 17. a test block base; 18. a storage plate; 19. a handle of the object placing plate; 20. a water leakage hole; 21. ultrafiltration membranes; 22. an ultrafiltration membrane handle; 23. soil particles; 24. a flushing frame; 25. a water outlet; 26. testing the core of the block; 27. a wireless pressure sensing processor.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the spray soil body anti-erosion test system of the embodiment of the invention comprises a spray unit 3, a laser scanner 9, a test block 12, a pressure detection unit and a data storage unit, wherein the spray unit 3 simulates a rainfall erosion process and can perform spray erosion on the test block 12, and the laser scanner 9 is used for shooting three-dimensional images of the test block 12 before and after the spray erosion; the pressure detection unit is used for monitoring the impact force of spray water on the surface of the test block 12 in the spray washing process; the data storage unit stores data transmitted from the laser scanner 9 and the pressure detection unit.
According to the invention, the rainfall erosion process is simulated by designing the spraying unit 3, the spraying unit 3 is used for spraying and eroding the test block 12, the spraying function can be realized, the erosion force of actual rainfall on the soil body can be provided, and the relative positions of the spraying unit 3 and the test block 12 can be subjected to simulation arrangement of different situations according to the actual rainfall erosion process; the test block 12 can adopt a sample block of an actual soil body to be tested, for example, the sample block is collected on soil body materials such as a soil body side slope, a rammed soil city wall, a soil body dam and the like, and the invention is particularly suitable for the anti-scour test of the body; shooting three-dimensional images of the test block 12 by using the laser scanner 9 before and after the flushing, transmitting the three-dimensional images to the data storage unit, comparing and observing the three-dimensional images shot twice, and analyzing the change of the test block before and after the flushing in the rainfall flushing situation simulated by the spraying unit; the installation mode and the shooting position of the laser scanner can be properly selected according to the overall layout and the observation requirements of the system; the laser scanner can be a laser scanner which can shoot three-dimensional images and can transmit signals in the prior art; the pressure detection unit monitors the impact force of spray water on the surface of the test block 12 in the spray flushing process in real time and transmits data to the data storage unit for storage; the pressure detection unit can select any suitable device or device, the specific implementation mode is not particularly limited, and the anti-scouring capability of the soil body is evaluated through three-dimensional imaging shot twice before and after scouring in combination with impact force data transmitted by the pressure detection unit; preferably, the system can adopt a computer control system to uniformly control all the constituent units, carry out parameter configuration on the whole process of the soil body anti-scour test, realize the automatic rainfall erosion simulation process, observe the anti-scour capacity of the soil body sample through laser scanning and pressure detection, have the advantages of advanced technology, objective data, automatic operation and the like, and provide a modern solution for the soil body anti-scour test.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the spraying unit 3 is arranged right above the test block 12 and comprises a sprayer, the sprayer is connected with the water inlet pipe 2, the top wall and the side wall of the sprayer are hermetically connected, and the bottom end of the sprayer is provided with a water spraying hole 7; water flow is introduced from the water inlet pipe 2 and enters the sprayer, and the water flow is sprayed through the water spraying holes 7 to simulate rainfall erosion; the shower can select any suitable shape, and what the shower that this embodiment provided chose for use is square box, and "7" shape inlet tube 2 is connected to the top of square box, and the quantity and the size of hole for water spraying 7 can be fit for setting according to the dynamics of rainfall simulation.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 to 5, an electric heating plate 4 is disposed on the top wall of the shower above the water spray hole 7, the lower end of the electric heating plate 4 is connected to a telescopic needle 6 through a two-way shape memory alloy 5, the telescopic needle 6 is in a vertical cone shape, and the telescopic needle 6 and the water spray hole 7 are opposite to each other up and down; the two-way shape memory alloy 5 is an alloy material which is changed by the expansion and contraction of the temperature change, when the temperature of the electric heating plate 4 is increased, the memory alloy material is expanded by heating, and when the temperature of the electric heating plate 4 is reduced, the memory alloy material is contracted; the temperature change of the electric heating plate 4 is controlled to promote the bidirectional shape memory alloy 5 to stretch and deform, so that the telescopic needle 6 is controlled to stretch up and down in the water spraying hole 7, the rainfall is adjusted, and the temperature change of the electric heating plate 4 can be controlled according to the rainfall testing force to realize the accurate adjustment of the rainfall.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the laser scanner 9 is connected to a horizontal telescopic mechanism, the laser scanner 9 moves above the test block 12 before and after the washing to shoot a three-dimensional image, the horizontal telescopic mechanism can be any suitable linear driving device or device, such as but not limited to a telescopic rod, an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a mechanical arm, and the like, in this embodiment, specifically, two vertical rods 1 are vertically arranged in parallel, the spraying unit 3 is fixed on the left vertical rod 1, the telescopic rod 10 is installed on the right vertical rod 1, the test block 12 is located below the water spraying hole 7, the height of the telescopic rod 10 is lower than that of the sprayer, the laser scanner is installed on the telescopic rod 10, the telescopic rod 10 extends forwards before the rainfall washing starts, the laser scanner 9 is used to shoot a three-dimensional image of the test block 12, the telescopic rod 10 is retracted after the shooting, the spraying unit 3 starts to work, after the spraying unit 3 finishes flushing, the telescopic rod 10 extends out, and the laser scanner 9 is adopted to shoot the three-dimensional image of the test block again; preferably, the telescopic rod 10 is provided with a telescopic rod knob 11, so that the direction and the height of the telescopic rod 10 can be adjusted.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spray soil body anti-scouring test system of the invention adopts a computer 8 to automatically control the water passing of the water inlet pipe 2 and the telescopic rod 10, and when the telescopic rod 10 extends out, the water inlet pipe 2 is closed; after the telescopic rod 10 retracts, the water inlet pipe 2 is opened for spraying, after spraying, the water inlet pipe 2 is closed, and the telescopic rod 10 extends out.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6 and 10, the pressure detection unit includes a sensing frame 13 built inside the test block 12, a wireless pressure sensing processor 27 is arranged on the sensing frame 13, a test block core 26 is arranged inside the test block 12, the outer side of the test block core 26 is sequentially connected to the sensing frame 13 and an outer soil body, the sensing frame 13 is built inside the test block 12 for installing the wireless pressure sensing processor 27, and the wireless pressure sensing processor 27 monitors the impact force of rainwater on the surface of the test block 12; preferably, the sensing frame 13 is buried 10-20 mm below the surface of the soil body.
Specifically, the test block cylinder core 26 is a cylinder, the sensing frame 13 includes two semi-cylindrical net frame bodies which are rotatably connected, the frame bodies can surround the outer side surface of the test block cylinder core 26, a plurality of wireless pressure sensing processors 27 are arranged on the frame bodies, in practical implementation, the test block cylinder core 26 is firstly manufactured, the wireless pressure sensing processors 27 can be fixed at the cross point position of the net frame bodies of the sensing frame 13 in advance, then the two frame bodies of the sensing frame 13 are combined at the outer side of the test block cylinder core 26, then the test block surface layer is manufactured at the outer side, finally the test block 12 is formed, fig. 11 is an enlarged view of the wireless pressure sensing processors 27, the wireless pressure sensing processors 27 include a micro electric signal processor 15 and a piezoelectric pressure sensor 14 and a signal transmitter 16 which are connected with the micro electric signal processor, the piezoelectric pressure sensor 14 measures the impact force of rainwater washing on the surface of the test block 12, the micro-electrical signal processor 15 processes the measurement signal and transmits a data signal to the data storage unit through the signal transmitter 16.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 6 and 7, a punching frame 24 is arranged below the spraying unit 3, the punching frame 24 is a vertical frame symmetrically arranged at two sides, an object placing plate 18 is transversely arranged on the punching frame 24, the test block 12 is arranged on the object placing plate 18 through a test block base 17, as shown in fig. 8, a water leakage hole 20 is arranged on the object placing plate 18, and object placing plate handles 19 are arranged at two sides of the object placing plate 18, so as to facilitate the installation and movement of the object placing plate; a water outlet 25 is arranged at the lower side of the flushing frame 24; preferably, the washing frame 24 is provided with an ultrafiltration membrane 21 at the lower side of the object placing plate 18; as shown in fig. 9, ultrafiltration membrane handles 22 are arranged on two sides of the ultrafiltration membrane 21, the ultrafiltration membrane 21 is used for receiving and filtering muddy water leaked from the water leakage holes 20, and residual soil particles 23 are left after filtration, when the spraying unit starts to fall into the rain, the muddy water flushed down flows to the ultrafiltration membrane 21 below through the water leakage holes 20, and the water filtered by the ultrafiltration membrane 21 flows out from a water outlet 25; the pore diameter of the ultrafiltration membrane can be suitably selected according to the filtration efficiency of a tested soil body, the smaller the pore diameter is, the more favorable the control of the filtration precision is in principle, but in view of the filtration efficiency, the pore diameter can be selected as long as the test requirement can be met, and generally, the pore diameter of the ultrafiltration membrane is selected to be 0.2 um; the residual soil particles 23 filtered by the ultrafiltration membrane are used for subsequent measurement to observe the mass of the soil body after scouring, and the measurement method can adopt a suitable measurement method for the soil body mass index related to the scouring resistance of the soil body in the prior art.
The spray soil body anti-scour test method of the embodiment of the invention is realized by the spray soil body anti-scour test system, and comprises the following operation steps:
selecting a test block 12 with the volume of phi 100mm and the height of 250mm, installing all the sub-units according to the spraying soil body anti-scouring test system of the embodiment of the invention, uniformly controlling all the constituent units by adopting a computer control system, and carrying out parameter configuration on the whole flow of the soil body anti-scouring test.
S1, controlling the telescopic rod 10 through the computer 8, extending the telescopic rod 10 forwards before rainfall erosion starts, shooting a three-dimensional image of the test block 12 by using the laser scanner 9, and taking the telescopic rod 10 back after shooting;
s2, the spraying unit 3 starts to work, water enters the spraying unit 3 from the water inlet pipe 2, the temperature change of the electric heating plate 4 is controlled through the computer 8, the stretching deformation of the two-way shape memory alloy 5 is promoted, and therefore the stretching needle 6 is controlled to stretch up and down in the water spraying hole 7, and the effect of adjusting rainfall is achieved; setting the rainfall scouring time to be 5min, and when the spraying unit 3 begins to rainfall, the scoured mud water flows to the ultrafiltration membrane 21 below through the water leakage holes 20;
s3, after the spraying unit 3 is flushed, the telescopic rod 10 extends out, the three-dimensional image of the test block 12 is shot again by the laser scanner 9 and stored in the computer 8, and the two shot images are compared by the computer 8;
s4, the wireless pressure sensing processor 27 monitors the impact force of the rainwater on the surface of the test block 12 in the scouring process and transmits the data to the computer for storage;
s5, the ultrafiltration membrane 21 receives the muddy water leaked from the water leakage holes 20, filtering is carried out, the residual soil particles 23 are filtered, and the muddy water flows out of the water outlet 25 through the ultrafiltration membrane 21;
s6, measuring the mass of the soil body after the residual soil particles 23 filtered by the ultrafiltration membrane are washed.
The spray soil body anti-scouring test method of the embodiment of the invention carries out comprehensive evaluation through three-dimensional figure changes before and after the soil body is scoured, collected by the computer 8, rainfall scouring force changes and collected by the wireless pressure sensing processor 27 and the soil body quality on the ultrafiltration membrane 21, finally determines the anti-scouring capability of the test block 12, adopts multi-dimensional factor comprehensive evaluation and improves the accuracy and the scientificity of the test method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The spraying soil body anti-scouring test system is characterized by comprising a spraying unit (3), a laser scanner (9), a test block (12), a pressure detection unit and a data storage unit, wherein the spraying unit (3) simulates a rainfall scouring process and can spray and scour the test block (12), and the laser scanner (9) is used for shooting three-dimensional images of the test block (12) before and after the spray scouring; the pressure detection unit is used for monitoring the impact force of spray water on the surface of the test block (12) in the spray washing process; the data storage unit stores data transmitted by the laser scanner (9) and the pressure detection unit.
2. The spraying soil body anti-scouring test system according to claim 1, wherein the spraying unit (3) is arranged right above the test block (12) and comprises a sprayer, the sprayer is connected with the water inlet pipe (2), the top wall and the side wall of the sprayer are hermetically connected, and the bottom end of the sprayer is provided with a water spraying hole (7).
3. The spraying soil body scouring resistance testing system according to claim 2, wherein an electric heating plate (4) is arranged on the upper side of the water spraying hole (7) on the top wall of the sprayer, the lower end of the electric heating plate (4) is connected with a telescopic needle (6) through a two-way shape memory alloy (5), the telescopic needle (6) is in a vertical conical shape, and the telescopic needle (6) is opposite to the water spraying hole (7) in the vertical direction.
4. The spray soil body anti-scour test system according to claim 3, wherein the laser scanner (9) is connected with a transverse telescopic mechanism, and the laser scanner (9) moves to the position above the test block (12) before and after scouring to shoot a three-dimensional image of the test block.
5. The spraying soil body anti-scour test system according to claim 4, wherein the pressure detection unit comprises a sensing frame (13) arranged inside the test block (12), a wireless pressure sensing processor (27) is arranged on the sensing frame (13), a test block column core (26) is arranged inside the test block (12), and the sensing frame (13) and the outer soil body are sequentially connected to the outer side of the test block column core (26).
6. The sprayed soil erosion resistance test system according to claim 5, wherein the test block cylinder core (26) is a cylinder, the sensing frame (13) comprises two semi-cylindrical net-shaped frame bodies which are rotatably connected, the frame bodies can surround the outer side surface of the test block cylinder core (26), a plurality of wireless pressure sensing processors (27) are arranged on the frame bodies, and the wireless pressure sensing processors (27) comprise piezoelectric pressure sensors (14) and signal transmitters (16) which are connected with the miniature electrical signal processor (15).
7. The spraying soil body scour resistance test system of claim 6, wherein a scouring frame (24) is arranged below the spraying unit (3), an object placing plate (18) is arranged on the scouring frame (24), the test block (12) is arranged on the object placing plate (18) through a test block base (17), a water leakage hole (20) is formed in the object placing plate (18), and a water outlet (25) is formed in the lower side of the scouring frame (24).
8. The spray soil erosion resistance test system of claim 7, wherein the erosion shield (24) is provided with an ultrafiltration membrane (21) on the underside of the storage plate (18).
9. A method for testing the anti-scour of sprayed soil, which is implemented by the system for testing the anti-scour of sprayed soil according to claim 8, and comprises the following steps:
s1, controlling the transverse telescopic mechanism through a computer (8), extending the transverse telescopic mechanism forwards before rainfall erosion starts, shooting a three-dimensional image of the test block (12) by adopting a laser scanner (9), and retracting the transverse telescopic mechanism after shooting;
s2, the spraying unit (3) starts to work, water enters the spraying unit (3) from the water inlet pipe (2), the temperature change of the electric heating plate (4) is controlled through the computer (8), the stretching deformation of the two-way shape memory alloy (5) is promoted, and therefore the stretching needle (6) is controlled to stretch up and down in the water spraying hole (7) to achieve the effect of adjusting the rainfall; when the spraying unit (3) begins to fall into the rain, the washed mud water flows to the ultrafiltration membrane (21) below through the water leakage holes (20);
s3, after the spraying unit (3) is flushed, the transverse telescopic mechanism stretches out, the laser scanner (9) is used for shooting the three-dimensional image of the test block (12) again, the three-dimensional image is stored in the computer (8), and the two shooting images are compared through the computer (8);
s4, in the scouring process, the wireless pressure sensing processor (27) monitors the impact force of rainwater on the surface of the test block (12) and transmits data to the computer for storage;
s5, the ultrafiltration membrane (21) receives the muddy water leaked from the water leakage holes (20), filtering is carried out, residual soil particles (23) are filtered, and the muddy water flows out of the water outlet (25) through the ultrafiltration membrane (21);
s6, measuring the mass of the soil body after the residual soil particles (23) are filtered by the ultrafiltration membrane and washed.
10. The spray soil body anti-scour test method according to claim 9, wherein the spray-scouring time of the spray units (3) in the step S2 is 5 min.
Priority Applications (1)
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