CN114235240A - In-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection temperature compensation method and detection system - Google Patents
In-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection temperature compensation method and detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114235240A CN114235240A CN202110899485.2A CN202110899485A CN114235240A CN 114235240 A CN114235240 A CN 114235240A CN 202110899485 A CN202110899485 A CN 202110899485A CN 114235240 A CN114235240 A CN 114235240A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
The invention relates to an in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection temperature compensation method and a detection system, which comprise an ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner arranged at the head part or the tail part of a high-strength bolt, a cable connected with a sensor and an instrument, and a high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument containing an ultrasonic transceiving setting and processing detection algorithm. The method is suitable for detecting the axial force of the high-strength bolt in service, the axial force of the high-strength bolt at the moment is detected by a processing and detecting method through measuring the sound values of transverse waves and longitudinal waves in the high-strength bolt in real time, and the processing and detecting method is compensated by correcting compensation parameters, so that the detected value can feed back the axial force state of the high-strength bolt at the moment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of stress of high-strength bolts in service, in particular to a temperature compensation method and a detection system for ultrasonic detection of stress of high-strength bolts in service.
Background
In industries such as wind power and amusement facilities, high-strength bolts are used for fastening, locking and connecting in large quantity. The axial tensile stress of the high-strength bolt is taken as an important factor of the performance and the service life of the high-strength bolt, the size plays a crucial role in the use safety of instruments, a torque wrench is generally used in the installation process of the high-strength bolt, but a certain error exists between a preset torque value and a construction torque value, and the real torque value or the real axial force value cannot be measured, so that the in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection temperature compensation method and the detection system are provided, and the in-service high-strength bolt can meet the stress requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection temperature compensation method and a detection system, which can effectively solve the main problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection temperature compensation method and the detection system comprise a high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument, an ultrasonic sensor placed at the head part or the tail part of a high-strength bolt, an ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner and a cable.
The system comprises an ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner which comprises a left shell, a right shell, a bottom cover, an annular magnet and an annular rubber gasket, wherein the left shell and the right shell are of annular hollow structures, threaded holes are formed in the top and the edge of the left shell and the right shell, through holes are formed in the edge of the bottom cover, and the ultrasonic sensor penetrates through the annular magnet and the rubber gasket.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
step S1: establishing a relation model of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave acoustic time differences and high-strength bolt stress;
the relationship model is as follows:
wherein, sigma is the stress borne by the high-strength bolt in service, TTWhen the ultrasonic transverse wave sound is in a stress state; t isT0When the ultrasonic transverse wave sound is in an unstressed state; t isLWhen the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound is in a stress state; t isL0When the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound is in an unstressed state; a. theTThe coefficient of ultrasonic transverse wave sound time and temperature; a. theLThe coefficient of ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound time and temperature; and delta t is the temperature difference between the calibration time and the measurement time, L is the stress length of the high-strength bolt, S is the effective stress area of the high-strength bolt, K is the material coefficient and unknown quantity of the high-strength bolt, and E is the elastic modulus of the high-strength bolt.
And L is the stress length of the high-strength bolt and is the thickness of a workpiece to be tightened between the nut and the high-strength bolt.
Step S2: correcting a relation model of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave acoustic time differences and high-strength bolt stress at different temperatures;
step S3: adsorbing an ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner to the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt, clamping and positioning the high-strength bolt by using a fixing clamp in a tensile testing machine, connecting the ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner and a high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument, and performing parameter determination on a relation model through the tensile testing machine to obtain a relation model curve and correcting the relation model curve;
step S4: and introducing the parameters determined by the tensile testing machine into a model, and then measuring the stress of the high-strength bolt.
The measured relation curve process is as follows:
step S31: removing stains such as rust on the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt to ensure that the surface of the high-strength bolt is clean and the transmission of ultrasonic waves is not influenced, and placing the high-strength bolt in a fixing clamp of a tensile testing machine;
step S32: coating a special coupling agent on the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt, and adsorbing the auxiliary locator of the ultrasonic probe on one end of the special coating coupling;
step S33: connecting an ultrasonic sensor and a high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument through a cable, and observing a display A sweep mode on a display interface after the instrument is started;
step S34: measuring the sound values of initial transverse waves and longitudinal waves and recording related parameters when no stress exists;
step S35: and setting the tension value of the tensile testing machine, and recording related parameters under different stress values. After the test is finished, measuring and recording at different temperatures;
step S36: determining a relation model according to different stress values corresponding to different tension values and temperature values;
the instrument of the system comprises an in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection method and a temperature compensation method, and a compensation curve of a temperature correction detection result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the ultrasonic sensor can be adsorbed to the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt to be detected through the ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner, so that the measurement error of the instrument in measuring parameters such as transverse wave sound and longitudinal wave sound caused by shaking of the hand of a user or inconstant pressing force is reduced; the ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner is fixed by adsorption, so that convenience is provided for a user to operate the instrument;
(2) and the final measurement result is corrected by introducing a temperature variable, so that the measurement accuracy is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship curve calibration installation of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave acoustic time difference and high-strength bolt axial force;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave echoes according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the ultrasonic transverse and longitudinal wave waveforms shown in the high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the acoustic time difference of ultrasonic transverse waves and longitudinal waves and the axial force of a high-strength bolt according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument of the present invention for detecting the high-strength bolt in service;
FIG. 6 is a comparison distribution of the measured results and actual results of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
The embodiment provides an in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection temperature compensation method and a detection system, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step S1: establishing a relation model of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave acoustic time differences and high-strength bolt stress;
step S2: correcting a relation model of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave acoustic time differences and high-strength bolt stress at different temperatures;
step S3: adsorbing an ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner to the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt, clamping and positioning the high-strength bolt by using a fixing clamp in a tensile testing machine, connecting the ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner and a high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument, and performing parameter determination on a relation model through the tensile testing machine to obtain a relation model curve and correcting the relation model curve;
step S4: and introducing the parameters determined by the tensile testing machine into a model, and then measuring the stress of the high-strength bolt.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the sound time difference of the ultrasonic transverse wave and the longitudinal wave is the sound time difference of the ultrasonic transverse wave and the longitudinal wave of the high-strength bolt when no stress is initially applied and the stress is applied.
Due to the change of the microstructure caused by the stress, the change of the ultrasonic sound velocity and sound is further caused, namely the acoustic elasticity theory. Establishing a relation model of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave sound time difference and high-strength bolt stress, and correcting the relation model of the ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave sound time difference and the high-strength bolt stress at different temperatures; deducing the relation between the sound time difference and the stress of the ultrasonic transverse wave and the longitudinal wave according to the acoustic elasticity as follows:
wherein, sigma is the stress borne by the high-strength bolt in service, TTWhen the ultrasonic transverse wave sound is in a stress state; t isT0When the ultrasonic transverse wave sound is in an unstressed state; t isLWhen the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound is in a stress state; t isL0When the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound is in an unstressed state; a. theTThe coefficient of ultrasonic transverse wave sound time and temperature; a. theLThe coefficient of ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound time and temperature; and delta t is the temperature difference between the calibration time and the measurement time, L is the stress length of the high-strength bolt, S is the effective stress area of the high-strength bolt, K is the material coefficient and unknown quantity of the high-strength bolt, and E is the elastic modulus of the high-strength bolt.
A relational model is determined. The calibration schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, and a tensile testing machine, a high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument, an ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner, a strain gauge, a high-strength bolt, a special coupling agent and the like are required; the ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner is connected with the high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument through a cable and is used for acquiring ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave parameters; the method comprises the following specific steps: after a special coupling agent is coated on the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt, an ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner is adsorbed to the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt, as shown in fig. 2, the length of the input high-strength bolt is measured in an instrument, a connecting line of a transverse wave is pulled out, the instrument is operated to calibrate the sound velocity of a longitudinal wave, when the sound velocity and the sound velocity of the transverse wave are calibrated in the same way, after the sound velocity of the transverse wave and the sound velocity of the longitudinal wave are calibrated, the transverse wave cable and the longitudinal wave cable are connected, and the interface display is shown in fig. 3; adhering the strain gauge to a screw of the high-strength bolt, and clamping and fixing the high-strength bolt by using a fixing clamp in a tensile testing machine; starting a tensile testing machine, setting the magnitude of each tensile value in the tensile testing machine, carrying for 3 minutes when the tensile value reaches a preset value, reading the force value on the tensile testing machine in the period, recording the sound values of transverse waves and longitudinal waves at the moment through an operating instrument, corresponding each force value to each group of sound values of transverse waves and longitudinal waves, calculating sound time difference, further obtaining a relation curve of ultrasonic transverse wave sound time difference and ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound time difference and high-strength bolt stress, fitting the relation curve to obtain a fitting curve (calibration curve) of ultrasonic transverse wave sound time difference and ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound time difference and high-strength bolt stress, and reversely obtaining the material coefficient of the high-strength bolt by utilizing the fitting curve so as to determine a model; because the change of the temperature affects the propagation time of the transverse wave and the longitudinal wave, after the relation model is determined, the high-strength bolt is subjected to transverse wave and longitudinal wave sound time measurement at different temperatures by heating the heat preservation box, and finally, a relation model curve of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave sound time difference and high-strength bolt stress is determined, as shown in fig. 4, so that the influence of the temperature is eliminated.
And introducing the parameters determined by the tensile testing machine into a model, and then measuring the stress of the high-strength bolt. The measurement operation is shown in fig. 5. The specific process is as follows: firstly, connecting all parts according to a schematic diagram, and calibrating the sound time and sound velocity of transverse waves and longitudinal waves in the absence of stress; starting a tensile testing machine, setting a loading task, starting a tensile test, and recording corresponding stress values and transverse and longitudinal sound values; determining a relation model by utilizing the ultrasonic transverse wave sound time and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound time which are initially recorded and the ultrasonic transverse wave sound time and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound time which are recorded in the stretching process; and then correcting the relation model by introducing a temperature variable, wherein the measurement result is shown in figure 6.
In the embodiment, the strain gauge is attached to the high-strength bolt screw and used for verifying the determined relation model; and comparing the stress of the high-strength bolt in the strain gauge with the stress measured by the relation model to obtain the measurement precision of the high-strength bolt.
Claims (5)
1. An in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection and temperature compensation method and a detection system are characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: establishing a relation model of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave acoustic time differences and high-strength bolt stress;
step S2: correcting a relation model of ultrasonic transverse wave and longitudinal wave acoustic time differences and high-strength bolt stress at different temperatures;
step S3: adsorbing an ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner to the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt, clamping and positioning the high-strength bolt by using a fixing clamp in a tensile testing machine, connecting the ultrasonic probe auxiliary positioner and a high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument, and performing parameter determination on a relation model through the tensile testing machine to obtain a relation model curve and correcting the relation model curve;
step S4: and introducing the parameters determined by the tensile testing machine into a model, and then measuring the stress of the high-strength bolt.
2. The in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection and temperature compensation method and system according to claim 1, wherein the relationship model is as follows:
wherein, sigma is the stress borne by the high-strength bolt in service, TTWhen the ultrasonic transverse wave sound is in a stress state; t isT0When the ultrasonic transverse wave sound is in an unstressed state; t isLWhen the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound is in a stress state; t isL0When the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound is in an unstressed state; a. theTThe coefficient of ultrasonic transverse wave sound time and temperature; a. theLThe coefficient of ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound time and temperature; and delta t is the temperature difference between the calibration time and the measurement time, L is the stress length of the high-strength bolt, S is the effective stress area of the high-strength bolt, K is the material coefficient and unknown quantity of the high-strength bolt, and E is the elastic modulus of the high-strength bolt.
3. The in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic detection and temperature compensation method according to claim 1, wherein the stress length L of the high-strength bolt is as follows:
and L is the thickness of the workpiece to be tightened between the nut and the nut of the high-strength bolt, namely the stress length of the high-strength bolt.
4. The in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic testing and temperature compensation method according to claim 1, wherein the process of measuring the relation curve comprises the following steps:
step S31: removing stains such as rust on the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt to ensure that the surface of the high-strength bolt is clean and the transmission of ultrasonic waves is not influenced, and placing the high-strength bolt in a fixing clamp of a tensile testing machine;
step S32: coating a special coupling agent on the head or the tail of the high-strength bolt, and adsorbing the auxiliary locator of the ultrasonic probe on one end of the special coating coupling;
step S33: connecting an ultrasonic sensor and a high-strength bolt stress measuring instrument through a cable, and observing a display A sweep mode on a display interface after the instrument is started;
step S34: measuring the sound values of initial transverse waves and longitudinal waves and recording related parameters when no stress exists;
step S35: and setting the tension value of the tensile testing machine, and recording related parameters under different stress values. After the test is finished, measuring and recording at different temperatures;
step S36: determining a relation model according to different stress values corresponding to different tension values and temperature values;
5. the in-service high-strength bolt stress ultrasonic testing and temperature compensation method according to claim 4, wherein the determined relation model is verified by using a tensile testing machine.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115855350A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bolt axial force measuring method based on combination of primary tail follower wave and transverse wave |
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- 2021-08-06 CN CN202110899485.2A patent/CN114235240A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115855350A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bolt axial force measuring method based on combination of primary tail follower wave and transverse wave |
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