CN114233220B - Method for reducing friction resistance of water-based drilling fluid mud cake with high harmful solid content - Google Patents
Method for reducing friction resistance of water-based drilling fluid mud cake with high harmful solid content Download PDFInfo
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- CN114233220B CN114233220B CN202210039454.4A CN202210039454A CN114233220B CN 114233220 B CN114233220 B CN 114233220B CN 202210039454 A CN202210039454 A CN 202210039454A CN 114233220 B CN114233220 B CN 114233220B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
- E21B21/068—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole using chemical treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/28—Friction or drag reducing additives
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reducing the friction resistance of a water-based drilling fluid mud cake with high harmful solid content, which comprises the following steps: determining the addition amount of the treating agent in the on-site well slurry through a mud cake viscosity coefficient determination test; determining the additive speed of the treating agent according to the volume of the on-site well slurry, the circulation speed, the density and the additive amount of the treating agent; after the field well is drilled to the deflecting section and the horizontal section, determining an agent adding time point according to the lowering condition of the drilling tool, the viscosity of a slurry funnel and the viscosity coefficient change of a mud cake; and adding the treating agent into the mud pit through an addition funnel according to the determined appropriate adding amount, the determined adding speed and the determined time point, and circulating the well fluid while drilling to the end of drilling. According to the invention, after the drilling fluid rheological property and the mud cake lubricating property are poor when the horizontal well or the highly deviated well is drilled to the middle and later stages, the treating agent is added into the drilling fluid, so that the cost is low, the friction resistance reducing effect is good, and the problem of large friction resistance of the mud cake on the well wall when the highly deviated well or the horizontal well is drilled to the middle and later stages and meets the mud rock stratum is solved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for reducing the friction resistance of a mud cake of water-based drilling fluid, in particular to a method for reducing the friction resistance of a mud cake of water-based drilling fluid with high harmful solid content.
The background art comprises the following steps:
at present, unconventional reservoirs and offshore oil fields are becoming hot spots for oil and gas production. Extended reach and horizontal wells are the primary means of production during the development of these reservoirs. Along with the increase of the well inclination angle and the increase of the horizontal section, the contact area of the pipe column and the lower well wall is increased under the action of gravity, the solid content in the drilling fluid is increased, a mud cake formed on the lower well wall is thicker, the friction resistance of the horizontal section is increased, the torque is increased, the abrasion of a drilling tool is serious, the drilling risk of sticking the drill is increased, and further the drilling safety and the extension limit of the extended reach well and the horizontal well are seriously influenced. Therefore, the pipe column friction resistance problem becomes one of the key problems which must be solved by popularizing and perfecting the drilling technology of extended reach wells and horizontal wells and promoting the development of unconventional reservoirs and offshore oil fields.
Factors influencing the friction resistance of the pipe column are many, the factors excluding borehole wall instability, unclean borehole, complex track and other engineering factors, and the lubricity of the drilling fluid and the formed mud cake determine the friction resistance and torque in the solid drilling. The lubricity of drilling fluids and mud cakes is very related to the drilling fluid system. Compared with the oil-based drilling fluid, the water-based drilling fluid has poor lubricity, but has the advantages of low cost and low pollution that the oil-based drilling fluid cannot be compared with the oil-based drilling fluid, so that the water-based drilling fluid becomes a main drilling fluid system used in the exploitation process of a highly deviated well and a horizontal well. At present, after the drilling is carried out to the middle and later stages of the deflecting section or the horizontal section, the content of harmful solid phase in the drilling fluid is increased due to the mixing of a large amount of rock debris, the harmful solid phase in the sandstone layer can be removed through a ground vibrating screen, but although a part of mudstone can be removed through adding a preparation agent to the mudstone stratum, most of the mudstone still has smaller and smaller particles along with shearing, and the particles are mixed into the drilling fluid and cannot be removed, so that the lubricity of the drilling fluid is greatly reduced, at the moment, only through increasing the filling amount of a lubricating agent, the lubricating effect is not obviously improved, the mudcake on the well wall becomes weak, the structure becomes loose, the thickness is increased, the surface smoothness of the mudcake is reduced, and the friction between a drilling tool and the mudcake is increased. In order to reduce the friction resistance of the mud cake, the measures generally adopted by the oil field are that part of drilling fluid is replaced when the drilling is carried out to the middle and later stages, then water, filtrate reducer polyaluminium chloride and plugging agent nano-silica are added into the underground drilling fluid, and the smoothness of the mud cake is improved by diluting the solid phase content, improving the dispersibility of solid particles, reducing the filtrate loss and improving the compactness of the mud cake, so that the friction resistance between a drilling tool and the well wall is reduced. The method can reduce the friction of the mud cake by 30-38 percent, and effectively solves the problems of poor effect and large friction of the lubricant in the middle and later periods of drilling. However, the method has higher operation cost, the conventional addition amount of the polymeric aluminum and the nano silicon dioxide in the drilling fluid is 2 percent, and the addition cost of each cubic of drilling fluid is about 200-300 yuan according to the unit price of the polymeric aluminum of 8000 yuan/ton and the unit price of the nano silicon dioxide of 10000 yuan/ton.
Aiming at the problem that the friction resistance of the well wall mud cake is high by adding the polymeric aluminum and the nano silicon dioxide into the drilling fluid with high harmful solid content, and simultaneously aiming at further improving the smoothness of the mud cake, the invention provides the method for reducing the friction resistance of the high harmful solid content drilling fluid mud cake, and the method is simple to operate and low in cost.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for reducing the friction of a mud cake of a water-based drilling fluid with high harmful solid content, which is used for solving the problem of large friction of the mud cake on a well wall when a mud rock stratum is encountered during the drilling of a highly deviated well or a horizontal well to the middle and later stages and the mud rock content in the drilling fluid is higher.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for reducing the friction resistance of the water-based drilling fluid mud cake with high harmful solid content comprises the following steps:
step one, taking field well slurry with certain mass, adding a treating agent into the well slurry according to different mass ratios, wherein the mass ratio is the mass ratio of the treating agent to the well slurry, preparing a mud cake by medium-pressure filtration, measuring the viscosity coefficient of the mud cake by using a viscosity coefficient measuring instrument by adopting a sliding block method, comparing the viscosity coefficient with a blank sample, and taking the corresponding adding amount of the treating agent as the proper adding amount x of the treating agent when the viscosity coefficient reduction ratio is maximum;
step two, determining the additive speed of the treating agent according to the volume of the on-site well slurry, the circulation speed, the density and the additive amount of the treating agent: firstly according to the total volume V of the well slurryPulp and its production processAnd the circulation velocity vPulp and its production processCalculating the circulation period t of the well slurry; the density ρ of the in situ slurry is then determinedPulp and its production processCalculating the total mass m of the whole well slurry according to the density and the total volume of the well slurryPulp and its production process(ii) a Calculating the total mass m of the treating agent according to the appropriate adding amount x of the treating agent determined in the step oneAgent for treating cancer(ii) a The total mass m of the final treating agentAgent for treating cancerDividing by the circulation period t of the well slurry to obtain the velocity v of the additiveAgent for treating cancerThe calculation formula is as follows:
magent for treating cancer＝ρPulp and its production process·VPulp and its production process·x (2)
Step three, after the on-site well is drilled to the deflecting section and the horizontal section, determining an additive adding time point according to the lowering condition of the drilling tool, the viscosity of a well slurry funnel and the viscosity coefficient change of a mud cake; when the drilling tool suddenly cannot be continuously lowered but can be lifted, the viscosity of a slurry funnel is increased to exceed a reasonable numerical range, and the viscosity coefficient of a mud cake is increased, determining as a time point for adding the treating agent;
step four, adding the treating agent into the mud pit through the feeding funnel at the time point determined in the step three according to the appropriate adding amount determined in the step one and the adding speed determined in the step two, and performing underground circulation on the well drilling fluid while drilling until the well drilling is finished; the treating agent is solid powder consisting of aluminosilicate micro powder, high-molecular superfine polypropylene powder, graphite powder, sodium hydroxide and polycarboxylate, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65 to 95 percent of aluminosilicate micro powder, 0.5 to 10 percent of superfine polypropylene powder, 1 to 30 percent of graphite powder, 0.5 to 10 percent of sodium hydroxide and 0.1 to 10 percent of polycarboxylate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) when a horizontal well or a highly deviated well is drilled to the middle and later stages, and the rheological property of the drilling fluid and the lubricity of a mud cake are deteriorated, the treating agent is added into the drilling fluid from the charging hopper, the proper addition amount is 0.5-1%, and the friction resistance of the mud cake can be reduced by 40-46%.
(2) The method for reducing the friction resistance of the mud cake of the drilling fluid with high harmful solid content has the friction resistance reducing effect higher than that of the mud cake of the drilling fluid with high harmful solid content, and the cost is relatively low; the price of the drilling fluid treating agent for reducing the friction resistance of the mud cakes is 4000-5000 yuan per ton, and the addition cost of each cubic drilling fluid is about 50-90 yuan per ton according to the addition of 0.5-1 percent, which is far lower than the cost of adding polymeric aluminum and nano silicon dioxide.
(3) The drilling fluid treating agent for reducing the friction resistance of the mud cake provided by the invention has good compatibility with the drilling fluid, can effectively improve the lubricity of the mud cake and reduce the filtration loss of the drilling fluid, and the suitable use temperature is lower than 120 ℃.
(4) The method for reducing the friction resistance of the mud cake of the drilling fluid with high harmful solid content provided by the invention does not need to replace and dilute the well slurry of the oil well, simplifies the operation steps, reduces the waste of the well slurry and saves the construction cost.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated below:
example 1:
the method for reducing the friction resistance of the water-based drilling fluid mud cake with high harmful solid content comprises the following steps:
(1) the specific addition of the treating agent in the well slurry on site is determined through a mud cake viscosity coefficient determination test. The appropriate addition of the treating agent to the well slurry was 0.7% (mass ratio) as determined by the results of the well slurry cake viscosity coefficient measurement experiment (Table 3).
(2) The additive speed of the drilling fluid additive for reducing the mud cake friction resistance is determined according to the volume of the well slurry, the circulation speed, the density and the additive amount of the additive.
The density of the well slurry is 1.4g/ml, and the circulation speed is 1.8m3Permin, total well slurry volume of 270m3And calculating:
well slurry circulation period:
the total mass of the treating agent is as follows: m isAgent for treating cancer＝ρPulp and its production process·VPulp and its production process·x＝1.4·270·0.007＝2.65t
Treating agent adding speed:
(3) and after drilling to the deflecting section and the horizontal section, determining an additive adding time point according to the lowering condition of the drilling tool, the viscosity of a slurry funnel and the viscosity coefficient change of a mud cake.
Funnel viscosity of the well slurry and viscosity coefficient of the mud cake were monitored and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 results of monitoring the viscosity of the slurry funnel and the viscosity coefficient of the mud cake
During the measurement period of 13:30-14:30, the funnel viscosity and the mud cake viscosity coefficient of the well slurry are gradually increased, but from the values of the funnel viscosity and the mud cake viscosity coefficient, the funnel viscosity and the mud cake viscosity coefficient are still in an allowable range at 13:30 and 14:00 (the funnel viscosity is 50s-65s, the mud cake viscosity coefficient is lower than 0.15 in 10 min), and the funnel viscosity and the mud cake viscosity coefficient exceed a reasonable range at 14: 30. Thus, 13:00 was determined as the point in time at which the treatment agent was added, or the treatment agent should be added after 13: 00.
(4) And adding the treating agent into the mud pit through an addition funnel, performing underground circulation while drilling well fluid until the drilling is finished, wherein the total adding amount is 2.65t, and the adding speed is 1.06t/h, namely 2.65t of the treating agent is completely added within 2.5h from the adding of the treating agent. The treating agent consists of 90 percent of wollastonite micropowder of 1200 meshes, 2 percent of polypropylene micropowder of 800 meshes, 4 percent of graphite powder of 2000 meshes, 3 percent of sodium hydroxide and 1 percent of polycarboxylate.
(5) After one cycle of additive addition, a well slurry sample is taken, and the funnel viscosity of the well slurry and the viscosity coefficient of the mud cake are measured, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 results of monitoring viscosity of slurry funnel and viscosity coefficient of mud cake after adding agent
The treating agent in this example was subjected to an indoor test and performance evaluation:
90 percent of 1200-mesh wollastonite micro powder, 2 percent of 800-mesh polypropylene micro powder, 4 percent of 2000-mesh graphite powder, 3 percent of sodium hydroxide and 1 percent of polycarboxylate. The solid micro powder is fully stirred and mixed, and then added into well slurry (the main formula of the well slurry is 6% of soil, 1% of soda ash, 2% of polyacrylonitrile-polyacrylamide type composite ammonium salt for drilling fluid, 1% of potassium polyacrylate KPA, 3% of anti-collapse plugging agent emulsified asphalt YK-H for drilling fluid and 3% of low-fluorescence well wall stabilizer HQ-1) in different adding amounts (mass ratio), mud cakes are prepared by medium-pressure filtration loss (API), the filtration loss is measured, then the viscosity coefficient of the mud cakes is measured by a viscosity coefficient measuring instrument by a slide block method, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 evaluation of lubricating properties of the treating agents in the present example
Comparative performance evaluation experiment:
in the well slurry (the main formula of the well slurry is that 6 percent of soil, 1 percent of soda, 2 percent of polyacrylonitrile-polyacrylamide type compound ammonium salt for drilling fluid, 1 percent of potassium polyacrylate KPA, 3 percent of anti-collapse plugging agent emulsified asphalt YK-H for drilling fluid and 3 percent of low fluorescence well wall stabilizer HQ-1) are added with 2 percent of polyaluminum and 2 percent of silicon dioxide, medium pressure filtration loss (API) is used for preparing mud cakes, the filtration loss is measured, then a viscosity coefficient measuring instrument is used for measuring the viscosity coefficient of the mud cakes by a slide block method, and the result is shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 evaluation of the lubricity of the cakes with addition of polyaluminium and silica
After the treatment of the embodiment, the funnel viscosity of the well slurry is obviously reduced and is lower than 50 s; the viscosity coefficient of the mud cake is lower than 0.1, and the requirement of the lubricating property of the drilling fluid in the horizontal section is met. The viscosity coefficient of the mudcake was relatively low compared to the addition of polyaluminium and nanosilica in table 4.
The aluminosilicate micropowder is aluminosilicate containing any metal of calcium, aluminum, magnesium and iron, the particle size of the aluminosilicate micropowder is 200-2500 meshes, and the aluminosilicate micropowder is any one of wollastonite nanometer micropowder, asbestos micropowder and quartz powder; the polymer superfine polypropylene powder is commercial polypropylene powder, and the particle size is 600-2000 meshes; the graphite powder is ultrafine graphite powder, and the particle size of the graphite powder is 800-3000 meshes.
The action mechanism of the treating agent in the invention is as follows: the lubricity of the mud cake is improved by generating a solvating water film and gel substances on the surface and in the mud cake, combining with approaches of gap filling, friction type conversion and the like. Polar groups such as silicate groups and aluminate groups in the aluminosilicate micro powder are adsorbed on the end faces of clay particles, a solvating water film is formed on the surfaces of the particles, and the effects of coating, adsorption, replacement, dispersion and the like are generated on solid particles such as clay, so that the aggregation of the solid particles is prevented, and the lubricity of the surface of a mud cake is increased; simultaneously, silicate is hydrated under the alkaline condition provided by sodium hydroxide to generate aluminosilicate hydrate gel substances which are attached to the surface of the mud cake and filled among solid particles, so that the smoothness of the mud cake is improved, and the toughness of the mud cake is improved; the polycarboxylate molecules contain a large amount of carboxyl (-COOH) groups and hydroxyl (-OH) groups, the polar groups have strong hydrophilicity, the groups improve the hydration capacity of the clay through adsorption and complexation, the thickness of a hydration film is increased, and the aggregation structure of bentonite is disassembled by combining the steric hindrance of the groups, so that the rheological property of the drilling fluid is improved, and small particle accumulation of solid phase particles is realized; the generation of gel substances and the filling of gaps of the silicate micro powder increase the compactness of the mud cake, improve the surface smoothness of the mud cake, reduce the possibility of the adhesion of solid-phase particles in drilling fluid on the well wall, reduce the possibility of the well bore becoming smaller and the contact friction increasing caused by the formation of the mud cake and finally reduce the friction resistance; the ultrafine polypropylene powder can be filled in gaps among mud cake particles, so that the compactness of the mud cake is improved, meanwhile, the elasticity of the ultrafine polypropylene powder is utilized, the deformability of the mud cake is enhanced, the compressibility of the mud cake is improved, and the rigid contact between a drilling tool and a well wall is reduced; the superfine graphite powder is adsorbed on the surfaces of the solid-phase particles and the drilling tool, and the rigid friction between the drilling tool and the well wall mud cake is converted into the flexible friction between graphite by utilizing the interlayer sliding characteristic of the superfine graphite powder, so that the frictional resistance between the drilling tool and the well wall mud cake is reduced.
Example 2:
the method for reducing the friction resistance of the water-based drilling fluid mud cake with high harmful solid content comprises the following steps:
(1) the specific addition of the treating agent in the well slurry on site is determined through a mud cake viscosity coefficient determination test. The appropriate addition (mass ratio) of the treating agent to the well slurry is determined by the results of the well slurry cake viscosity coefficient determination experiment.
(2) The additive speed of the drilling fluid additive for reducing the mud cake friction resistance is determined according to the volume of the well slurry, the circulation speed, the density and the additive amount of the additive.
(3) And after drilling to the deflecting section and the horizontal section, determining an additive adding time point according to the lowering condition of the drilling tool, the viscosity of a slurry funnel and the viscosity coefficient change of a mud cake.
(4) The treating agent is added into a mud pit through a feeding funnel, and is circulated underground along with drilling fluid until drilling is finished, wherein the treating agent consists of 1250-mesh wollastonite micro powder, 800-mesh polypropylene micro powder, 2% of 1200-mesh graphite powder, 4% of sodium hydroxide and 1% of polycarboxylate.
(5) And (4) after the additive is circulated for one period, taking a well slurry sample, and measuring the funnel viscosity of the well slurry and the viscosity coefficient of the mud cake.
The treating agent in this example was subjected to an indoor test and performance evaluation:
93 percent of 1250-mesh wollastonite micro powder, 2 percent of 800-mesh polypropylene micro powder, 3 percent of 1200-mesh graphite powder, 4 percent of sodium hydroxide and 1 percent of polycarboxylate are mixed and then added into well slurry according to the addition of 0.7 percent (mass ratio) (the main formula of the well slurry is that 6 percent of soil, 1 percent of soda, 2 percent of polyacrylonitrile-polyacrylamide type composite ammonium salt for drilling fluid, 1 percent of potassium polyacrylate KPA, 3 percent of collapse prevention plugging agent for drilling fluid, emulsified asphalt YK-H and 3 percent of low-fluorescence well wall stabilizer HQ-1), the mixture is hot rolled for 16 hours at different temperatures, then filter loss is carried out to prepare mud cakes, a viscosity coefficient tester is used for testing the viscosity coefficient of the mud cakes by adopting a sliding block method, and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 evaluation of the lubricity at various temperatures for the treating agents of this example
The treating agent of the embodiment meets the requirement of the lubricity of the drilling fluid in the horizontal section.
Claims (1)
1. A method for reducing the friction resistance of a water-based drilling fluid mud cake with high harmful solid content is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, well slurry with certain mass is taken, treating agents are added into the well slurry according to different mass ratios, the mass ratio is the mass ratio of the treating agents to the well slurry, then mud cakes are prepared through medium pressure filtration, a viscosity coefficient of the mud cakes is determined through a viscosity coefficient determinator by adopting a sliding block method, the viscosity coefficients are compared with blank samples, and the addition amount of the treating agents corresponding to the maximum reduction ratio of the viscosity coefficients is the proper addition amount x of the treating agents;
step two, determining the additive speed of the treating agent according to the well slurry volume, the circulation speed, the density and the additive amount of the treating agent: firstly according to the total volume V of the well slurryPulp and its production processAnd the circulation velocity vPulp and its production processCalculating the circulation period t of the well slurry; the density ρ of the in situ slurry is then determinedPulp and its production processCalculating the total mass m of the whole well slurry according to the density and the total volume of the well slurryPulp and its production process(ii) a Calculating the total mass m of the treating agent according to the appropriate adding amount x of the treating agent determined in the step oneAgent for treating diabetes(ii) a The total mass m of the final treating agentAgent for treating cancerDividing by the circulation period t of the well slurry to obtain the velocity v of the additiveAgent for treating cancerThe calculation formula is as follows:
magent for treating cancer＝ρPulp and its production process·VPulp and its production process·x (2)
Step three, after drilling to the deflecting section and the horizontal section, determining an agent adding time point according to the lowering condition of the drilling tool, the viscosity of a slurry funnel and the viscosity coefficient change of a mud cake; when the drilling tool can not be continuously lowered suddenly but can be lifted, the viscosity of the well slurry funnel is increased beyond a reasonable numerical range, and the viscosity coefficient of a mud cake is increased, determining the time point as the time point for adding the treating agent;
step four, adding the treating agent into the mud pit through the feeding funnel at the time point determined in the step three according to the appropriate adding amount determined in the step one and the adding speed determined in the step two, and performing underground circulation on the well drilling fluid while drilling until the well drilling is finished; the treating agent is solid powder consisting of aluminosilicate micro powder, high-molecular superfine polypropylene powder, graphite powder, sodium hydroxide and polycarboxylate, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65 to 95 percent of aluminosilicate micro powder, 0.5 to 10 percent of superfine polypropylene powder, 1 to 30 percent of graphite powder, 0.5 to 10 percent of sodium hydroxide and 0.1 to 10 percent of polycarboxylate.
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