CN114231803B - High-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament disclosed by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.6 weight percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.55 weight percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.2 weight percent of Sc, 0.1 to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.08 weight percent of Cu, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of RE, 0.001 to 0.005 weight percent of B, less than or equal to 0.02 weight percent of Cr + Mn + V + Ti, the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of each element in the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.005 weight percent, and the total amount of the other inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.02 weight percent; by optimizing the alloy components and the process, the invention can ensure that the performance of the aluminum alloy monofilament meets the following requirements: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, and the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 54 percent IACS.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of overhead conductors, in particular to a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament with tensile strength of more than or equal to 380MPa and electric conductivity of more than or equal to 54% IACS and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China has built the longest overhead conductor transmission line in the world and becomes an energy source aorta for promoting national economic development, but the existing long-distance and large-span overhead transmission line mainly consists of common steel-cored aluminum stranded wires and has larger electric energy loss. Recently, China proposes a timetable for realizing carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization, and the energy-saving lead wire is used for replacing a common steel-cored aluminum strand to greatly reduce the electric energy loss of a power transmission line, so that the timetable becomes an important development trend in the field of overhead power transmission.
The strength of the national standard high-strength aluminum alloy conductor is 315-325 MPa, the electric conductivity is 52.5% IACS, the energy-saving and consumption-reducing effects are not outstanding, if the electric conductivity and the strength of the aluminum alloy wire are simultaneously and obviously improved, and the performance advantage of the high-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy conductor obtained after stranding is very obvious compared with the performance advantage of the conventional steel-cored aluminum strand, so that great economic and social benefits are achieved when alloy materials with higher strength and electric conductivity are continuously developed.
The strength and the conductivity of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire are mutually restricted, and when the strength is increased, the conductivity is obviously reduced, and vice versa. The process route for producing the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy in China is generally smelting → continuous casting and continuous rolling → drawing → aging treatment, the improvement of the strength or the conductivity of the alloy is mainly realized by component adjustment and optimization of process parameters, the basic process route has no fundamental change, the improvement of one index is usually at the cost of the reduction of the other index, so that the great improvement of the comprehensive performance is difficult to realize, and how to better take the two indexes into account becomes the key of the development of the current conductive aluminum alloy.
Although improvement of the strength and conductivity of alloys has been achieved by domestic technicians through empirical improvement, such as patent documents with patent publication numbers CN104538116B, CN107841658B, CN106623478B, there is still room for further improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy monofilament, and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy monofilament is more than or equal to 380MPa, and the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy monofilament is more than or equal to 54% IACS.
The invention firstly provides a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.6 weight percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.55 weight percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.2 weight percent of Sc, 0.1 to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.08 weight percent of Cu, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of RE, 0.001 to 0.005 weight percent of B, less than or equal to 0.02 weight percent of Cr + Mn + V + Ti, the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of each element in the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.005 weight percent, and the total amount of the other inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.02 weight percent;
RE is lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth element and is added in the form of Al-RE intermediate alloy.
The tensile strength of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament is more than or equal to 380MPa, and the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 54% IACS.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting aluminum liquid: adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent into a smelting furnace, smelting aluminum liquid, adding aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy, stirring and slagging off after heating and melting, pressing a metal magnesium ingot into the aluminum liquid for stirring and melting, fully and uniformly stirring the molten aluminum liquid, sampling for spectral analysis, and controlling the melt components of the aluminum liquid within a required range.
(2) Refining in a furnace: transferring the aluminum liquid in the smelting furnace to a heat preservation furnace, adding a trace amount of aluminum-boron alloy for boronizing, fully stirring, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the furnace to 740-750 ℃; degassing the aluminum liquid in the furnace, and controlling the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 0.3ml/100 g.
(3) And (3) online refining: the molten aluminum is discharged from the holding furnace through the launder, after casting is started, the purity of the melt is further improved through on-line refining, the on-line refining comprises the steps of carrying out on-line degassing and on-line filtering on the molten aluminum in the launder, controlling the hydrogen content in the molten aluminum to be less than or equal to 0.12ml/100g, and effectively removing impurity particles with the diameter of 5-10 mu m in the molten aluminum.
(4) Continuous casting: and pouring the molten aluminum refined on line into a wheel type crystallizer for continuous casting to form a casting blank.
(5) And (3) continuous rolling: and (3) the casting blank enters a continuous rolling unit to be continuously rolled to obtain an aluminum alloy rod, and a full-automatic take-up device is adopted to carry out rolling.
(6) Solution treatment: and carrying out solution treatment on the rolled aluminum alloy rod material, namely the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy rod material, wherein the heating temperature of the solution treatment is 500-540 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-10 h, and then sending the aluminum alloy rod material into a water tank for quenching and cooling.
(7) Drawing: and drawing the aluminum alloy rod material after the solution treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy monofilament with the diameter of 2.0-4.5 mm.
(8) Monofilament aging: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament, wherein the aging process is carried out at the temperature of 150-180 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 8-15 hours, so as to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament.
Specifically, in the step (2), the holding furnace is a tilting holding furnace, aluminum boron alloy is added, a furnace bottom electromagnetic stirring device is started to fully stir the aluminum liquid, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is controlled to be 740-750 ℃, the aluminum liquid in the furnace is treated by using high-purity nitrogen and a particle refining agent for 10-15 minutes, then, the surface floating slag is thoroughly removed, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is adjusted to 710-730 ℃, and the standing treatment is carried out for 30-60 minutes.
Specifically, in the step (3), a rotary blowing degassing box is adopted to carry out online degassing on the aluminum liquid, high-purity nitrogen is used as a degassing medium, the rotating speed of a rotor is 400-500 r/min, and the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid is less than or equal to 0.12ml/100g after online degassing treatment; and a double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate is adopted to filter the aluminum liquid on line, the porosity of the double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate is 30/50PPI, 5-10 mu m of mixed particles are effectively removed, and other filtering devices can be adopted in the online filtering step as long as the filtering effect or better effect is achieved.
Specifically, the preparation method further comprises the step of adding a refiner into the launder on line to refine grains of the aluminum liquid before carrying out grain refinement treatment on the aluminum liquid, wherein the refiner is an aluminum-titanium-boron rod, and the addition amount of the refiner is 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the aluminum liquid.
Specifically, in the step (4), the sectional area of the casting blank is 2400mm 2 Casting ofThe temperature is 700-720 ℃, the casting speed is 8-12 m/min, the temperature of cooling water is 15-40 ℃, and the pressure of cooling water is 0.35-0.5 MPa.
Specifically, in the step (5), the rolling temperature is controlled to be 500-520 ℃, a three-roll mill or a two-roll mill is adopted by the continuous rolling unit, and an aluminum alloy rod with the diameter of 9-12 mm is obtained after rolling; the aluminum alloy rod is cooled by online cooling water and is wound by an automatic winding device.
Specifically, in the step (7), the aluminum alloy rod is drawn on a sliding type wire drawing machine, the diameter control range of the soft aluminum monofilament after drawing is 2.0-4.5 mm, a drawing die is made of a tungsten steel die, and the drawing speed is 8-10 m/s.
Preferably, in the step (8), the aluminum alloy monofilament wire coil is moved from the inlet end to the outlet end of the aging furnace in turn according to the beat for discharging during aging treatment, so that all monofilaments are uniformly heated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the problems of small solid solution amount of alloy elements and low strength of monofilaments after aging caused by low online quenching temperature of the conventional factory rods, more elements such as Mg, Si and the like are precipitated in a metastable strengthening phase by optimizing the rod solid solution quenching treatment and the monofilament aging process, so that the strengthening effect of the alloy elements is fully exerted; meanwhile, Sc element is introduced into the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, and Al is used for the solid solution treatment process of the rod material 3 The Sc phase is precipitated in a form to generate a dispersion strengthening effect, so that the alloy strength is greatly improved on the basis of ensuring good conductivity, and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy monofilament is more than or equal to 380MPa, and the conductivity is more than or equal to 54% IACS.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the high-conductivity soft aluminum monofilament of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The invention can ensure that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy monofilament is more than or equal to 380MPa and the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 54 percent IACS through the optimization of alloy components, and the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.6 weight percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.55 weight percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.2 weight percent of Sc, 0.1 to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.08 weight percent of Cu, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of RE, 0.001 to 0.005 weight percent of B, less than or equal to 0.02 weight percent of Cr + Mn + V + Ti, the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of each element in the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.005 weight percent, and the total amount of the other inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.02 weight percent;
RE is lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth element and is added in the form of Al-RE intermediate alloy.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing a high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) smelting aluminum liquid: adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent into a smelting furnace, smelting aluminum liquid, adding aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy, stirring and slagging off after heating and melting, pressing a metal magnesium ingot into the aluminum liquid for stirring and melting, fully and uniformly stirring the molten aluminum liquid, sampling for spectral analysis, and controlling the melt components of the aluminum liquid within a required range.
(2) Refining in a furnace: transferring the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace to a 10-ton tilting type heat preservation furnace, adding a trace amount of aluminum-boron alloy for boronization, starting an electromagnetic stirring device at the bottom of the furnace to fully stir the melt, and adjusting the temperature of the molten aluminum in the furnace to 740-750 ℃; and degassing the molten aluminum in the furnace by using high-purity nitrogen and a particle refining agent for 10-15 minutes, and controlling the hydrogen content in the molten aluminum to be less than or equal to 0.3ml/100 g. Then adjusting the temperature to 710-730 ℃ and standing for 40 minutes.
(3) And (3) online refining: the melt online refining comprises online degassing and filtering, wherein the online degassing takes high-purity nitrogen as a degassing medium, the rotating speed of a degassing box rotor is 450r/min, and the hydrogen content in the treated melt is less than or equal to 0.12ml/100 g; a double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate is adopted for on-line filtration, the porosity is 30/50PPI, and 5-10 mu m inclusion particles are effectively removed.
Specifically, grain refinement treatment needs to be carried out on the aluminum liquid before online degassing, a refiner is added into the launder online to carry out grain refinement on the aluminum liquid, the refiner is an aluminum-titanium-boron rod, and the addition amount of the refiner is 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the aluminum liquid.
(4) Continuous casting: pouring the aluminum liquid after on-line refining into a wheel type crystallizer for continuous casting to form a casting blank; the continuous casting process adopts a wheel type crystallizer, and the sectional area of a casting blank is 2400mm 2 The casting temperature is 700-720 ℃, the casting speed is 8-12 m/min, the cooling water temperature is 15-40 ℃, and the cooling water pressure is 0.35-0.5 MPa.
(5) And (3) continuous rolling: after the casting blank comes out of the crystallization wheel, the length of the head part is cut off by about 10 meters so as to ensure that the unstable state casting section in the starting-up stage is removed. And then, the casting blank is sent into a continuous rolling mill group through a guide-in device, and the rolling temperature is controlled to be 500-520 ℃. The rolling process is carried out in a three-roller mill or a two-roller mill, an aluminum rod material with the diameter of 9-12 mm is obtained after rolling, the aluminum rod material is cooled by on-line cooling water, and an automatic take-up device is adopted for winding.
(6) Solution treatment: and carrying out solid solution treatment on the rolled aluminum alloy rod material, wherein the heating temperature of the solid solution treatment is 500-540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-10 h after reaching the temperature, and then quenching and cooling in a water tank.
In the step (6), Mg, Si and Cu elements are fully redissolved to an aluminum-based solid solution through solution treatment, a supersaturated state is achieved through quenching, and dispersed Al is precipitated simultaneously 3 And the Sc phase effectively pins dislocation and subgrain boundary and refines recrystallized grains.
(7) Drawing: drawing the aluminum alloy rod material subjected to the solution treatment on a sliding type wire drawing machine, wherein the diameter control range of the aluminum monofilament after drawing is 2.0-4.5 mm: the drawing die adopts a tungsten steel die, and the drawing speed is 8-10 m/s.
(8) Monofilament aging: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament, wherein the aging process is carried out at the temperature of 150-180 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 8-15 hours, so as to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament.
The step (8) is to perform aging treatment on the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament to fully precipitate solid-dissolved Mg, Si and Cu elements, and to control the aging temperature and the aging time to ensure that the precipitated phase is mainly beta and beta' metastable phases with better strengthening effect, thereby greatly improving the strength and the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, and pressing a certain amount of metal magnesium ingot into molten aluminum for melting. And fully and uniformly stirring the molten aluminum, sampling and carrying out spectral analysis, and controlling the components of the melt within the required range.
Step two: transferring the molten aluminum to a tilting holding furnace with the capacity of 10 tons, adding a trace amount of aluminum-boron alloy for boronization, and starting an electromagnetic stirring device at the bottom of the furnace to fully stir the melt. Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 740 ℃, adopting high-purity nitrogen and a particle refining agent to treat the melt for 10 minutes, and controlling the hydrogen content in the aluminum melt to be less than or equal to 0.3ml/100 g. Then removing the surface scum, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, and standing for 40 minutes.
Step three: and after the casting is started, carrying out online degassing and online filtering treatment on the melt, wherein the online degassing adopts a rotary blowing degassing box, and high-purity nitrogen is used as a degassing medium. The in-line filtration used a two-stage ceramic foam filter plate with a porosity of 30/50 PPI. Before online degassing, an aluminum-titanium-boron rod is added online for grain refinement treatment, and the addition amount of a refiner aluminum-titanium-boron rod is 0.07%.
Step four: the continuous casting process adopts a wheel type crystallizer, and the sectional area of a casting blank is 2400mm 2 The casting temperature is 708 ℃ and the casting speed is 10m/min, the temperature of the cooling water is 22 ℃, and the pressure of the cooling water is 0.35 MPa.
Step five: after the casting blank comes out of the crystallization wheel, the length of the head part of the casting blank is cut off by 10 meters, and then the casting blank is sent into a continuous rolling unit through an introducing device, wherein the rolling temperature is 502 ℃. The rolling process is carried out in a three-roller mill with 13 stands, an aluminum alloy rod material with the diameter of 12mm is obtained after rolling, and the rod is automatically retracted after online cooling.
Step six: carrying out solution treatment on the alloy rod, wherein the solution heating temperature is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3h, and then quenching and cooling the rod by using cooling water.
Step seven: and drawing the rod on a sliding wire drawing machine, wherein the diameter of the single aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire is 3.8mm after drawing. The drawing die adopts a tungsten steel die, and the drawing speed is 9 m/s.
Step eight: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament, wherein the aging process is 155 ℃/9 h.
Through analysis and detection, the alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components: 0.58% of Mg, 0.52% of Si, 0.12% of Sc, 0.15% of Fe, 0.03% of Cu, 0.03% of RE, 0.004% of B, 0.017% of Cr + Mn + V + Ti0.017%, the balance of Al and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the content of each element in the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.005%, the strength of the obtained monofilament is 382MPa, and the electric conductivity is 54.38% IACS.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, and pressing a certain amount of metal magnesium ingot into molten aluminum for melting. And fully and uniformly stirring the molten aluminum, sampling and carrying out spectral analysis, and controlling the components of the melt within the required range.
Step two: transferring the molten aluminum to a tilting holding furnace with the capacity of 10 tons, adding a trace amount of aluminum-boron alloy for boronization, and starting an electromagnetic stirring device at the bottom of the furnace to fully stir the melt. Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 740 ℃, adopting high-purity nitrogen and a particle refining agent to treat the melt for 10 minutes, and controlling the hydrogen content in the aluminum melt to be less than or equal to 0.3ml/100 g. Then removing the surface scum, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, and standing for 40 minutes.
Step three: and after the casting is started, carrying out online degassing and filtering treatment on the melt, wherein the online degassing adopts a rotary blowing degassing box, and high-purity nitrogen is used as a degassing medium. The in-line filtration used a two-stage ceramic foam filter plate with a porosity of 30/50 PPI. And adding an aluminum-titanium-boron rod on line for grain refinement treatment, wherein the addition amount of the refiner is 0.07%.
Step four: the continuous casting process adopts a wheel type crystallizer, and the sectional area of a casting blank is 2400mm 2 The casting temperature is 710 ℃, the casting speed is 10m/min, the cooling water temperature is 20 ℃, and the cooling water pressure is 0.37 MPa.
Step five: after the casting blank comes out of the crystallization wheel, the length of the head part of the casting blank is cut off by 10 meters, and then the casting blank is sent into a continuous rolling unit through a guide device, wherein the rolling temperature is 500 ℃. The rolling process is carried out in a three-roller mill with 13 stands, an aluminum alloy rod material with the diameter of 12mm is obtained after rolling, and the rod is automatically retracted after online cooling.
Step six: carrying out solution treatment on the alloy rod, wherein the solution heating temperature is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3h, and then quenching and cooling the rod by using cooling water.
Step seven: and drawing the rod on a sliding wire drawing machine, wherein the diameter of the single aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire is 3.5mm after drawing. The drawing die adopts a tungsten steel die, and the drawing speed is 9 m/s.
Step eight: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament, wherein the aging process is 155 ℃/9 h.
Through analysis and detection, the alloy in the embodiment comprises the following components: 0.56% of Mg, 0.53% of Si, 0.1% of Sc, 0.14% of Fe, 0.02% of Cu, 0.025% of RE, 0.003% of B, 0.018% of Cr + Mn + V + Ti0.018%, the balance of Al and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the content of each element in the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.005%, and the obtained monofilament has the strength of 387MPa and the electric conductivity of 54% IACS.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the following steps: adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent, aluminum-silicon alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, and pressing a quantitative metal magnesium ingot into the aluminum liquid for melting. And fully and uniformly stirring the molten aluminum, sampling and carrying out spectral analysis, and controlling the components of the melt within the required range.
Step two: transferring the molten aluminum to a tilting holding furnace with the capacity of 10 tons, adding a trace amount of aluminum-boron alloy for boronization, and starting an electromagnetic stirring device at the bottom of the furnace to fully stir the melt. Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 740 ℃, and performing powder spraying treatment on the melt for 10 minutes. Then removing the surface scum, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, and standing for 40 minutes.
Step three: and after the casting is started, carrying out online degassing and filtering treatment on the melt, wherein the online degassing adopts a rotary blowing degassing box, and high-purity nitrogen is used as a degassing medium. The in-line filtration used a two-stage ceramic foam filter plate with a porosity of 30/50 PPI. And adding an aluminum-titanium-boron rod on line for grain refinement treatment, wherein the addition amount of the refiner is 0.07%.
Step four: the continuous casting process adopts a wheel type crystallizer, and the sectional area of a casting blank is 2400mm 2 The casting temperature is 710 ℃, the casting speed is 10m/min, the cooling water temperature is 25 ℃, and the cooling water pressure is 0.38 MPa.
Step five: after the casting blank comes out of the crystallization wheel, the length of the head part of the casting blank is cut off by 10 meters, and then the casting blank is sent into a continuous rolling unit through a guide device, wherein the rolling temperature is 500 ℃. The rolling process is carried out in a three-roller mill with 15 stands, an aluminum alloy rod material with the diameter of 9.5mm is obtained after rolling, and the rod is automatically retracted after on-line cooling water quenching.
Step six: and drawing the rod on a sliding wire drawing machine, wherein the diameter of the single aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy wire is 3.8mm after drawing. The drawing die adopts a tungsten steel die, and the drawing speed is 9 m/s.
Step seven: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the drawn alloy monofilament, wherein the aging process is 150 ℃/7 h.
According to analysis and detection, the alloy in the comparative example comprises the following components: 0.61% of Mg, 0.55% of Si, 0.15% of Fe, 0.01% of Cu, 0.033% of RE, 0.004% of B, 0.021% of Cr + Mn + V + Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable other impurity elements, wherein the content of each element in the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.005%, and the obtained monofilament has the strength of 338MPa and the electric conductivity of 54.76% of IACS.
The embodiment and comparative example data show that Al with better dispersion strengthening effect is introduced into the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy through the optimization of alloy components 3 Sc phase, and through rod solid solution quenching and filament lengthMore metastable strengthening phases are separated out through time aging treatment, the strength performance is greatly improved on the basis of ensuring good conductivity, and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy monofilament is more than or equal to 380MPa, and the conductivity of the aluminum alloy monofilament is more than or equal to 54% IACS.
The method can be applied to the batch production of 6201 conductive aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy monofilaments with higher requirements on strength, and also can be used for the production and preparation of other aluminum alloy monofilaments with higher requirements on the comprehensive properties of strength and conductivity.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.6 weight percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.55 weight percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.2 weight percent of Sc, 0.1 to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.08 weight percent of Cu, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent of RE, 0.001 to 0.005 weight percent of B, less than or equal to 0.02 weight percent of Cr + Mn + V + Ti, the balance of Al and other inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of each element in the inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.005 weight percent, and the total amount of the other inevitable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.02 weight percent;
RE is a lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth element and is added in the form of Al-RE intermediate alloy;
the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, and the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 54 percent IACS;
the preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting aluminum liquid: adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent into a smelting furnace, smelting aluminum liquid, adding aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy, stirring and slagging off after heating and melting, and pressing a metal magnesium ingot into the aluminum liquid for stirring and melting;
(2) refining in a furnace: transferring the aluminum liquid in the smelting furnace to a heat preservation furnace, adding an aluminum boron alloy for boronizing, stirring, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the furnace to 740-750 ℃; degassing the aluminum liquid in the furnace, and controlling the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 0.3ml/100 g;
(3) and (3) online refining: discharging the aluminum liquid from the holding furnace through a launder, performing online degassing and online filtering on the aluminum liquid in the launder, controlling the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 0.12ml/100g, and removing impurity particles with the diameter of 5-10 mu m in the aluminum liquid; before the aluminum liquid is degassed on line, a refiner is added into the launder on line to refine grains of the aluminum liquid, wherein the refiner is an aluminum-titanium-boron rod, and the addition amount of the refiner is 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the aluminum liquid;
(4) continuous casting: pouring the aluminum liquid after on-line refining into a wheel type crystallizer for continuous casting to form a casting blank;
(5) and (3) continuous rolling: the casting blank enters a continuous rolling unit to be continuously rolled to obtain an aluminum alloy rod material with the diameter of 12mm, and a full-automatic take-up device is adopted to carry out rolling;
(6) solution treatment: carrying out solution quenching treatment on the rolled aluminum alloy rod, keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy rod at 500-540 ℃ for 2-10 h, and then quenching and cooling the rod in a water tank;
(7) drawing: drawing the aluminum alloy rod material subjected to the solution treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy monofilament with the diameter of 2.0-4.5 mm;
(8) monofilament aging: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament, wherein the aging process is carried out at the temperature of 150-180 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 8-15 hours, so as to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament.
2. A method for preparing high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting aluminum liquid: adding an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent into a smelting furnace, smelting aluminum liquid, adding aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-rare earth alloy, stirring and slagging off after heating and melting, and pressing a metal magnesium ingot into the aluminum liquid for stirring and melting;
(2) refining in a furnace: transferring the aluminum liquid in the smelting furnace to a heat preservation furnace, adding an aluminum boron alloy for boronizing, stirring, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the furnace to 740-750 ℃; degassing the molten aluminum in the furnace, and controlling the hydrogen content in the molten aluminum to be less than or equal to 0.3ml/100 g;
(3) and (3) online refining: discharging the aluminum liquid from the holding furnace through a launder, performing online degassing and online filtering on the aluminum liquid in the launder, controlling the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 0.12ml/100g, and removing impurity particles with the diameter of 5-10 mu m in the aluminum liquid; before the aluminum liquid is degassed on line, a refiner is added into the launder on line to refine grains of the aluminum liquid, wherein the refiner is an aluminum-titanium-boron rod, and the addition amount of the refiner is 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the aluminum liquid;
(4) continuous casting: pouring the aluminum liquid after on-line refining into a wheel type crystallizer for continuous casting to form a casting blank;
(5) and (3) continuous rolling: the casting blank enters a continuous rolling unit to be continuously rolled to obtain an aluminum alloy rod material with the diameter of 12mm, and a full-automatic take-up device is adopted to carry out rolling;
(6) solution treatment: carrying out solution quenching treatment on the rolled aluminum alloy rod material, wherein the solution heating temperature of the aluminum alloy rod material is 500-540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-10 h, and then quenching and cooling the rod material in a water tank;
(7) drawing: drawing the aluminum alloy rod material subjected to the solution treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy monofilament with the diameter of 2.0-4.5 mm;
(8) monofilament aging: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament, wherein the aging process is carried out at the temperature of 150-180 ℃ for 8-15 hours, so as to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy monofilament.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the step (3), the aluminum liquid is filtered in-line by using a double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate, and the porosity of the double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate is 30/50 PPI.
4. The preparation method according to the claim 2, characterized in that in the step (8), the aluminum alloy monofilament coil is moved from the inlet end to the outlet end of the aging furnace in turn according to the beat in the aging treatment, so as to ensure that all monofilaments are uniformly heated.
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