CN1142308C - High-strength high-impact toughness bearing steel and its heat treatment process - Google Patents
High-strength high-impact toughness bearing steel and its heat treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN1142308C CN1142308C CNB021097216A CN02109721A CN1142308C CN 1142308 C CN1142308 C CN 1142308C CN B021097216 A CNB021097216 A CN B021097216A CN 02109721 A CN02109721 A CN 02109721A CN 1142308 C CN1142308 C CN 1142308C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to high-strength high-impact toughness bearing steel and a heat treatment process thereof, which belongs to the technical field of a steel material and a treatment process thereof. The steel contains the following chemical components by weight percentage: 0.6 to 1.0 wt% of C, 0.7 to 1.8 wt% of Si, 0.3 to 0.85 wt% of Mn, 0.1 to 1.9 wt% of Cr, 0.15 to 0.8 wt% of MO, 0.15 to 0.6 wt% of V, 0.1 to 0.6 wt% of W, 0.01 to 0.20 wt% of RE, at most 0.025 wt% of S, at most 0.025 wt% of P and Fe as the rest except for inevitable impurities. The present invention can meet the performance requirements of bearings used for rolling mills, railway machines, petroleum machines, mining machines, etc. under the conditions of large load and heavy impact by adopting a simple high-frequency surface quenching treatment process directly, and thus, the production period can be shortened, the bearing quality can be improved, and large economic benefit can be provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the material and the treatment process technical field thereof of steel, relate generally to the bearing steel of high strength, high impact toughness and be applicable to the thermal treatment process of this steel grade.
Background technology
The at present big load of domestic production manufacturing, heavy ballistic bearing, as the milling train of steel mill, rail vehicles, and bearing mechanically such as mine, oil, prior art is:
1. the material of Cai Yonging is GCr
1820Cr in Mo and the converted steel
2Ni
4A, 20Cr
2Steel such as NiMoA.
2. the used thermal treatment of Production of bearing is to GCr
18Mo etc. adopt isothermal processes, add martensitic stucture with acquisition lower bainite or following shellfish, need heat treatment period generally at four to five hours.And to 20Cr
2Ni
4Converted steel such as A are to adopt carburizing treatment, and heat treatment time is from tens hours to 180 hours, have up to 130-190 hour.
They all need the spheroidizing operation before Vehicle Processing, and the expense height.20Cr
2Ni
4The Deep Carburization Process of converted steel such as A is handled the carburization process curve and is seen accompanying drawing 1.
From accompanying drawing 1 as can be seen, 20Cr
2Ni
4What the Deep Carburization Process of converted steel such as A was handled needs 130-190 hour total time, complex process, and the production cycle is long, and is all very big to the subsidy materials consumption from the energy.On the present domestic Production of bearing converted steel is all adopted this similar technology basically.The carburizing cycle is long.
GCr
18The isothermal quenching technique curve of Mo is seen accompanying drawing 2-1,2-2.
If adopt isothermal processes at present with steel grade at the above 10 ℃ of isothermals of Ms point, isothermal time needed 10 hours can obtain the lower bainite tissue, need isothermal time 4 hours at above 50-60 ℃ of temperature isothermal of Ms point, and isothermal processes, increase cleaning workpiece surface salt membrane process if still need after employing salt bath, the quenching, than direct quench hot complexity.
Gentle carburizing heat treatment process such as carry out from the bearing steel that generally adopts at present, it is long to exist the production cycle jointly, and energy consumption is big, prices of raw and semifnished materials height, and production efficiency is low, problems such as thermal treatment process complexity.
Purpose of the present invention designs exactly that a kind of cost is low, benefit is big, energy consumption is little, the life-span is high, and the steel used of bearing such as milling train of alternative converted steel, rail vehicles.This steel for the bearing ring effective thickness less than 45mm can be directly with quench hot handle or for the bearing ring effective thickness greater than the direct electricity consumption frequency of 45mm surface this simple thermal treatment technology of 1000-8000Hz high-frequency quenching, just can obtain GCr
18Mo isothermal processes or 20Cr
2Ni
4The mechanical property that the A carburizing treatment is obtained, and the mechanical property that has are such as a
kImpact value, drag that is pressed into viscous deformation etc. is higher than GCr again
18Mo isothermal processes and 20Cr
2Ni
4The mechanical property that the A method for carburizing is obtained.
Summary of the invention
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that its chemical composition (by weight percentage): C:0.6-1.0, Si:0.7-1.8, Mn:0.3-0.85, Cr:0.1-1.9, Mo:0.15-0.8, V:0.15-0.6, W:0.1-0.6, rare earth: 0.01-0.20, S :≤0.025, P≤0.025, all the other except that inevitable impurity for Fe.
1. at first consider the characteristic of Si, Mn spring steel.If the infiltration of 1.2-1.8%Si and 0.55-0.85%Mn with improving the hardness of steel, improves intensity and impact resistance, and can increase hardening capacity and tempering stable (Si can stop martensite to decompose).
2.Mo (molybdenum) is under the situation that Cr exists (FeMo)
23C
6The preferential generation, in this carbide, Cr, V can both dissolve.About 0.5%Mo, the tempering of basically eliminate steel is crisp, eliminates the crisp DeGrain of tempering when Mo content is higher than 0.8%.Mo content is at 0.15-0.6 (%) in the general steel alloy, and the carbide of molybdenum can all not dissolve when comparatively high temps, because its disperse distribution, so the energy crystal grain thinning improves intensity, toughness.
In (3.V vanadium) steel alloy, the content of vanadium generally is not more than 0.5%, in the 0.2-0.5 scope, with Cr, Mn, Si compound action, improve intensity, make several times of raisings of elastic limit and proportionality limit, it can improve hardening capacity, crystal grain thinning, improve the grain coarsening temperature, stop martensite to decompose, strengthen temper resistance, the tempering that reduces chromium, manganese especially is crisp.
4.C (carbon) C content is below 0.6%, to the bearing of big wall thickness, its hardening capacity, hardenability are all bad, improve carbon content at 0.6-0.8% for this reason.To influence impelling strength etc. as improving again.
5.W (tungsten) has wear resistance to bearing life, tungsten can be separated out special carbide, W at 560 high temperings
2The C disperse distributes, and this secondary hardening just occurs, has red hardness, to improving wear resistance remarkable effect is arranged.In addition, it is crisp that tungsten does not produce tempering, and reduce Mo, Cr, the formed tempering of Ni element is crisp.
6. the adding of rare earth element, as: magnesium, cerium etc. can crystal grain thinnings, improve the intensity and the yield tensile ratio of steel, and toughness etc. is all played good effect.
In a word,, can be combined into the new steel grade of a high strength, high tenacity, satisfy the demand of the abominable situation lower bearing of action condition characteristic by the adding of above element.
Its thermal treatment process is: above-mentioned composition bearing ring effective thickness is adopted electric frequency 1000-8000Hz high-frequency surface hardening technology greater than the above size section bearing of 45mm after Vehicle Processing, at first to carry out modifier treatment by the bearing parts before Vehicle Processing, make part obtain the sorbite tissue;
Modifier treatment technology increases temperature tempering for quenching, wherein quenching temperature is 820-890 ℃ ± 10 ℃, soaking time is calculated by 1.2 minutes/mm of heat insulating coefficient, carry out high tempering after the quenching, 500-540 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of high tempering temperature, soaking time was not all 2-5 hour by thickness of workpiece, carrying out high-frequency surface hardening after the steel part Vehicle Processing behind the high tempering again handles, quenching temperature is 820-890 ℃ ± 10 ℃, carry out oil tempering after the hard surfacing, tempering temperature is 170-200 ℃, and tempering time is pressed the workpiece net thickness and selected from 3-6 hour, air cooling after part is come out of the stove.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are: for the bearing ring effective thickness greater than the above size section of 45mm, owing to adopt steel grade of the present invention and thermal treatment process, can directly use the high-frequency surface hardening treatment process, not only method is simple but also reach the use technology requirement of bearing.It is compared with traditional process program (waiting gentle carburization process), improves the hardness of bearing, improves intensity and impact resistance.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is that the Deep Carburization Process of former converted steel is handled the carburization process graphic representation.
Accompanying drawing 2-1 be in big wall thickness lasso isothermal quenching technique curve.
Accompanying drawing 2-2 is especially big wall thickness lasso isothermal quenching technique curve.
Accompanying drawing 3 is modifier treatment quenching technology graphic representation of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 4 modifier treatment high-temperature tempering process graphic representations of the present invention.
The invention will be further described with three embodiment below the embodiment.
Embodiment 1
According to high strength of the present invention, high impact toughness bearing steel, the Chemical Composition of this steel grade is weight %:C:0.6-1.0, Si:0.7-1.8, Mn:0.3-0.85, Cr:0.1-1.9, Mo:0.15-0.8, V:0.15-0.6, W:0.1-0.6, rare earth: 0.01-0.20, S :≤0.025, P≤0.025, all the other are Fe except that inevitable impurity.
Thermal treatment process of the present invention is: adopt electric frequency 1000-8000Hz high frequency modifier treatment technology to increase temperature tempering for quenching to above-mentioned composition bearing ring effective thickness after Vehicle Processing greater than the above size section bearing of 45mm, wherein quenching temperature is 820-890 ℃ ± 10 ℃, soaking time is calculated by 1.2 minutes/mm of heat insulating coefficient, carry out high temperature after the quenching and return quenching technology for surfaces, at first to carry out modifier treatment by the bearing parts before Vehicle Processing, make zero to the sorbite tissue.
Modifier treatment technology increases temperature tempering for quenching, wherein quenching temperature is 820-890 ℃ ± 10 ℃, soaking time is calculated by 1.2 minutes/mm of heat insulating coefficient, carry out high-temperature tempering process after the quenching, 500-540 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of high tempering temperature, soaking time was not all 2-5 hour by thickness of workpiece, carrying out high-frequency surface hardening after the steel part Vehicle Processing behind the high tempering again handles, quenching temperature is 820-890 ℃ ± 10 ℃, carry out oil tempering after the hard surfacing, tempering temperature is 170-200 ℃, and tempering time is pressed the workpiece net thickness and selected from 3-6 hour, air cooling after part is come out of the stove.Its modifier treatment quenching and tempering process curve are seen accompanying drawing 3,4 respectively.
Embodiment 2
According to another embodiment of the invention, said high strength, high impact toughness bearing steel have following composition, weight %:C:0.6-0.65, Si:1.0-1.2, Mn:0.4-0.6, Cr:0.2-0.4, Mo:0.5-0.6, V:0.18-0.25, W:0.1-0.2, rare earth: 0.04-0.05, S :≤0.025, P≤0.025, all the other are Fe except that inevitable impurity.Its thermal treatment process is the same.
Embodiment 3
According to another embodiment of the invention, said high strength, high impact toughness bearing steel have following composition, weight %:C:0.65-0.75, Si:1.2-1.3, Mn:0.6-0.7, Cr:0.25-0.35, Mo:0.3-0.5, V:0.2-0.4, W:0.31-0.45, rare earth: 0.01-0.03, S :≤0.025, P≤0.025, all the other are Fe except that inevitable impurity.Its thermal treatment process is the same.Table 1 is the mechanical property synopsis of three embodiment of the present invention and converted steel.
Table 1
Annotate: 1. novel material quenches back HRC greater than lower bainite, improves wear resistance.
2. novel material impelling strength is higher than present bearing steel, is applicable to big load, heavily impacts under the operating mode and make with bearing.
3. novel material radial load and converted steel and GCr
18Mo is suitable.
4. be high strength, be pressed into the big material of plastic deformation drag (tension test, jaw distortion folder is not believed the specimen surface no marking).Steel grade of the present invention has following characteristics:
1. the resistance to compression load 7.8-8.8 ton of this steel grade invention is GCr
153.67 the 2-2.4 of ton doubly is same as 20Cr
2Ni
4A is more than or equal to 8 tons load.
2. quenching hardness HRC: with φ 85 * 85mm sample, in quenching, cut open, survey hardness on the section, apart from first post surface 12mmHRC60-64.
3. impelling strength
This steel grade impelling strength and repeatedly impact fatigue intensity are very high, experimental results show that this steel grade HRC greater than 60 conditions under, to 10 * 10 * 55 non-notch samples, generally can only bend, can not interrupt.
4. tensile strength
This steel grade tensile strength sigma
bData do not measure substantially, have only several σ
b=2650Mpa is because of after sample sandwiches tension testing machine, and the distortion of the jaw of tension testing machine can't clip, and surperficial some cuts of sample itself do not have, and illustrate that this material is that a kind of intensity is big, are pressed into the yet big material of plastic deformation drag.
In sum
The milling trains, railway, oil, mine etc. that adopt the big load of production technique manufacturing of this steel grade and this steel grade, heavily impact under the working condition operation are bearing mechanically, its principal character is: do not need to adopt complicated heat treatment technologies such as isothermal or carburizing, but directly with pyroprocessing or pass through the simple process technology of high-frequency surface hardening with this steel grade sorbite, both can reach big load, heavily impact the milling train that moves under the working condition, railway, oil, mine etc. the mechanically bearing property of usefulness need.And the performance that has is impelling strength, wear resistance, be pressed into plastic deformation resistance etc. also is higher than the performance that isothermal processes and carburizing treatment can reach.Both shorten the production cycle like this, improved bearing quality, had very big economic benefit again.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of high strength, high impact toughness bearing steel is characterized in that its chemical composition (by weight percentage): C:0.6-1.0, Si:0.7-1.8, Mn:0.3-0.85, Cr:0.1-1.9, Mo:0.15-0.8, V:0.15-0.6, W:0.1-0.6, rare earth: 0.01-0.20, S :≤0.025; P≤0.025, all the other are Fe except that inevitable impurity.
2, high strength according to claim 1, high impact toughness bearing steel is characterized in that its chemical composition (by weight percentage): C:0.6-0.65, Si:1.0-1.2, Mn:0.4-0.6, Cr:0.2-0.4, Mo:0.5-0.6, V:0.18-0.25, W:0.1-0.2, rare earth: 0.04-0.05, S :≤0.025; P≤0.025, all the other are Fe except that inevitable impurity.
3, high strength according to claim 1, high impact toughness bearing steel is characterized in that its chemical composition (by weight percentage): C:0.65-0.75, Si:1.2-1.3, Mn:0.6-0.7, Cr:0.25-0.35, Mo:0.3-0.5, V:0.2-0.4, W:0.31-0.45, rare earth: 0.01-0.03, S :≤0.025; P≤0.025, all the other are Fe except that inevitable impurity.
4, a kind of according to claim 1,2 or 3 described high strength, the thermal treatment process of high impact toughness bearing steel, it is characterized in that the above size section bearing of mentioned component bearing ring effective thickness 45mm is adopted electric frequency 1000-8000Hz high-frequency surface hardening technology after Vehicle Processing, at first to carry out modifier treatment by the bearing parts before Vehicle Processing, make part obtain the sorbite tissue, modifier treatment technology increases temperature tempering for quenching, wherein quenching temperature is 820-890 ℃ ± 10 ℃, soaking time is calculated by 1.2 minutes/mm of heat insulating coefficient, carry out high tempering after the quenching, high tempering 500-540 ℃ ± 10 ℃, soaking time was not all 2-5 hour by thickness of workpiece, carrying out high-frequency surface hardening after the steel part Vehicle Processing behind the high tempering again handles, quenching temperature is 820-890 ℃ ± 10 ℃, carry out oil tempering after the hard surfacing, tempering temperature is 170-200 ℃, and tempering time is pressed the workpiece net thickness and selected from 3-6 hour, air cooling after part is come out of the stove.
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| CNB021097216A CN1142308C (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | High-strength high-impact toughness bearing steel and its heat treatment process |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN1142308C true CN1142308C (en) | 2004-03-17 |
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