CN114227844B - 一种高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法,属于木材耐磨改性处理技术领域。所述制备方法是先用γ‑氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液对杉木板材进行一次真空加压浸注处理,再用脱氧处理的己二胺溶液对杉木板材进行二次真空加压浸注处理,最后用脱氧处理的己二酸溶液对杉木板材进行三次真空加压浸注处理。本发明提供的制备方法不仅可以显著提高杉木板材的耐磨性和耐磨稳定性,而且可以大幅度提高杉木板材的韧性和尺寸稳定性,具有显著的经济价值和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于木材耐磨改性处理技术领域,具体涉及一种高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法。
背景技术
杉木是我国种植面积最广的树种之一,是我国特有的重要速生用材树种,其干形通直圆满,利用率高。杉木的用途比较广泛,可用于电杆、房屋桁架、脚手架、桥梁、车船及家具,还有一定的药用价值。杉木具有重量轻、质地韧、纹理直、不翘、质量系数高等众多优点。其中,耐磨性是杉木应用时的一个重要性能,提高杉木的耐磨性可以减少木材在贮存、运输过程中造成的木材破坏和损失。通过耐磨改性技术还能达到延长杉木使用寿命、扩大应用范围的目的。目前常见的提高杉木耐磨性的方法是利用一些偶联剂改性的无机纳米粒子(如:氧化硅、氧化铝等)浸渍杉木。虽然改性过的无机纳米粒子有一定的分散性,但是其和杉木之间的相容性还是很差,长时间使用或摩擦过程中无机纳米粒子容易从杉木上脱落,导致其耐磨性变差。
发明内容
本发明针对杉木制品普遍存在耐磨性差的问题,提供一种高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法。本发明提供的制备方法不仅可以显著提高杉木板材的耐磨性和耐磨稳定性,而且可以大幅度提高杉木板材的韧性和尺寸稳定性,具有显著的经济价值和社会效益。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法是先用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液对杉木板材进行一次真空加压浸注处理,再用脱氧处理的己二胺溶液对杉木板材进行二次真空加压浸注处理,最后用脱氧处理的己二酸溶液对杉木板材进行三次真空加压浸注处理。
所述高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将20~60gγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入到1000~2000mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌30~60min,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液;将烘干处理后的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02~0.08MPa,保压30~60min后,注入上述γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液,加压至0.5~1.5MPa,保压30~60min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4h后,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)在氮气保护下,将40~100g脱氧处理的己二胺加入到1000~2000mL去离子水中,于室温下机械搅拌30~60min,制得己二胺溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04~0.08MPa,保压30~60min后,注入脱氧处理的己二胺溶液,加压至0.2~0.6MPa,保压20~40min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4h后,于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)在氮气保护下,将50~150g脱氧处理的己二酸加入到1000~2000mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌60~120min,制得己二酸溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.03~0.06MPa,保压20~40min后,注入脱氧处理的己二酸溶液,加压至1~2MPa,保压20~40min,卸压;取出杉木试样,先于60℃下风干2~4h,再于160~200℃下真空热处理6~12h,制得所述高耐磨杉木板材。
所述杉木试样按GB/T1929-2009进行截取。
本发明的显著优势在于:
(1)本发明采用聚己二酸己二胺对杉木板材进行耐磨改性处理,聚己二酸己二胺和杉木纤维同样是有机高分子材料,极性相近,相容性好。同时通过γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷将聚己二酸己二胺和杉木进行化学键合,提高聚己二酸己二胺在杉木板材的稳定性。
(2)聚己二酸己二胺具有优异的耐磨性,将聚己二酸己二胺复合在杉木板材上,可以在杉木表面和空隙中形成保护层,不仅可以显著提高杉木板材的耐磨性和耐磨稳定性,而且可以大幅度提高杉木板材的韧性和尺寸稳定性,处理后的杉木板材的冲击韧性为79~83kJ/m2,全干干缩率为4.5~5.4%,流失实验前后的磨耗值分别为0.28~0.43g/100r和0.42~0.66g/100r,具有显著的经济价值和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面通过几组实施例和对比例对本实施方式中高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法的优势及其效果作进一步的阐述。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
(1)将20gγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入到1000mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌30min,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液;将烘干处理后的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02MPa,保压30min后,注入上述γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液,加压至0.5MPa,保压60min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2h后,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)在氮气保护下,将40g脱氧处理的己二胺加入到1000mL去离子水中,于室温下机械搅拌30min,制得己二胺溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04MPa,保压30min后,注入脱氧处理的己二胺溶液,加压至0.2MPa,保压40min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2h后,于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)在氮气保护下,将50g脱氧处理的己二酸加入到1000mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌60min,制得己二酸溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.03MPa,保压20min后,注入脱氧处理的己二酸溶液,加压至1MPa,保压40min,卸压;取出杉木试样,先于60℃下风干2h,再于160℃下真空热处理12h,制得所述高耐磨杉木板材。
所述杉木试样按GB/T 1929-2009进行截取。
实施例2
(1)将40gγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入到1500mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌45min,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液;将烘干处理后的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.05MPa,保压45min后,注入上述γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液,加压至1MPa,保压45min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)在氮气保护下,将70g脱氧处理的己二胺加入到1500mL去离子水中,于室温下机械搅拌45min,制得己二胺溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.06MPa,保压45min后,注入脱氧处理的己二胺溶液,加压至0.4MPa,保压30min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)在氮气保护下,将100g脱氧处理的己二酸加入到1500mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌90min,制得己二酸溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.05MPa,保压30min后,注入脱氧处理的己二酸溶液,加压至1.5MPa,保压30min,卸压;取出杉木试样,先于60℃下风干3h,再于180℃下真空热处理9h,制得所述高耐磨杉木板材。
所述杉木试样按GB/T 1929-2009进行截取。
实施例3
(1)将60gγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入到2000mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌60min,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液;将烘干处理后的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.08MPa,保压60min后,注入上述γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液,加压至1.5MPa,保压30min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注4h后,于60℃下风干24h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样;
(2)在氮气保护下,将100g脱氧处理的己二胺加入到2000mL去离子水中,于室温下机械搅拌60min,制得己二胺溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.08MPa,保压60min后,注入脱氧处理的己二胺溶液,加压至0.6MPa,保压20min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注4h后,于60℃下风干48h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木试样;
(3)在氮气保护下,将150g脱氧处理的己二酸加入到2000mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌120min,制得己二酸溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.06MPa,保压40min后,注入脱氧处理的己二酸溶液,加压至2MPa,保压20min,卸压;取出杉木试样,先于60℃下风干4h,再于200℃下真空热处理6h,制得所述高耐磨杉木板材。
所述杉木试样按GB/T 1929-2009进行截取。
对比例1
(1)在氮气保护下,将70g脱氧处理的己二胺加入到1500mL去离子水中,于室温下机械搅拌45min,制得己二胺溶液;将烘干处理后的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.06MPa,保压45min后,注入脱氧处理的己二胺溶液,加压至0.4MPa,保压30min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,于60℃下风干48h,制得己二胺改性杉木试样;
(2)在氮气保护下,将100g脱氧处理的己二酸加入到1500mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌90min,制得己二酸溶液;将己二胺改性杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.05MPa,保压30min后,注入脱氧处理的己二酸溶液,加压至1.5MPa,保压30min,卸压;取出杉木试样,先于60℃下风干3h,再于180℃下真空热处理9h,制得成品。
所述杉木试样按GB/T1929-2009进行截取。
对比例2
将40gγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入到1500mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌45min,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液;将烘干处理后的杉木试样置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.05MPa,保压45min后,注入上述γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液,加压至1MPa,保压45min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注3h后,于60℃下风干24h,制得成品。
所述杉木试样按GB/T 1929-2009进行截取。
将三组实施例和两组对比例制得的高耐磨杉木板材按GB/T 15036.2-2009进行耐磨性能测试,按文献(余丽萍,曹金珍;醇类化合物对硼基木材防腐剂抗流失性的影响,北京林业大学学报,2009,(S1):6-10)进行流失试验,按GB/T 1940-2009进行冲击韧性测试,按GB/T 1932-2009进行尺寸稳定性能测试,性能测试结果如表1所示。
表1性能测试结果
从实施例和对比例的测试结果可以看出,将聚己二酸己二胺化学键合在杉木表面,不仅可以显著提高杉木板材的耐磨性和耐磨稳定性,而且可以大幅度提高杉木板材的韧性和尺寸稳定性。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的优选实施例,如前所述,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施例的排除,而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本文所述发明构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法,其特征在于:先用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液对杉木板材进行一次真空加压浸注处理,再用脱氧处理的己二胺溶液对杉木板材进行二次真空加压浸注处理,最后用脱氧处理的己二酸溶液对杉木板材进行三次真空加压浸注处理;具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将20~60 g γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入到1000~2000 mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌30~60 min,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液;将烘干处理后的杉木板材置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.02~0.08 MPa,保压30~60 min后,注入上述γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液,加压至0.5~1.5 MPa,保压30~60 min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4 h后,于60 ℃下风干24 h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木板材;
(2)在氮气保护下,将40~100 g脱氧处理的己二胺加入到1000~2000 mL去离子水中,于室温下机械搅拌30~60 min,制得己二胺溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性杉木板材置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.04~0.08 MPa,保压30~60 min后,注入脱氧处理的己二胺溶液,加压至0.2~0.6 MPa,保压20~40 min,卸压;在常压下继续浸注2~4 h后,于60 ℃下风干48 h,制得γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木板材;
(3)在氮气保护下,将50~150 g脱氧处理的己二酸加入到1000~2000 mL乙醇中,于室温下机械搅拌60~120 min,制得己二酸溶液;将γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和己二胺共改性杉木板材置于自动真空加压罐中,抽真空至真空度为0.03~0.06 MPa,保压20~40 min后,注入脱氧处理的己二酸溶液,加压至1~2 MPa,保压20~40 min,卸压;取出杉木板材,先于60 ℃下风干2~4 h,再于160~200 ℃下真空热处理6~12 h,制得所述高耐磨杉木板材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高耐磨杉木板材的制备方法,其特征在于:所述杉木板材按GB/T 1929-2009进行截取。
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