CN114227174B - Method for manufacturing spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114227174B CN114227174B CN202111662892.8A CN202111662892A CN114227174B CN 114227174 B CN114227174 B CN 114227174B CN 202111662892 A CN202111662892 A CN 202111662892A CN 114227174 B CN114227174 B CN 114227174B
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- spline shaft
- spline
- blank
- shaft sleeve
- linear cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/02—Electrical discharge machining combined with electrochemical machining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve, and belongs to the technical field of machinery. It has solved the poor problem of cooperation precision. It comprises the following steps: a. designing a spline profile; b. cutting the next section on the metal bar as a blank; c. drawing a spline shape on one end face of the blank according to the designed spline profile, and processing a small hole with two ends penetrating through the end face of the blank along the axial direction, wherein the small hole is positioned on the spline profile; d. and (3) programming a linear cutting program by taking the small holes as initial positions on a control system of the linear cutting equipment according to the designed spline profile, positioning the blank on a tool of the linear cutting equipment, and running the program to perform linear cutting on the blank after threading from the small holes of the blank, so as to obtain a spline shaft with external splines and a spline shaft sleeve with internal splines. The method has the advantages of high processing efficiency, high matching precision and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machinery, and relates to a manufacturing method of a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve.
Background
The spline connection consists of an internal spline and an external spline, and generally refers to a spline shaft with an external spline and a spline shaft sleeve with an internal spline, and the spline shaft sleeve is sleeved outside the spline shaft to be matched when in use, so that the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve can be in linkage along the circumferential direction and can slide relatively along the axial direction. At present, a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve are all independently processed, and for the spline shaft, a shaft-shaped blank is generally processed, then an external spline is extruded outside the blank through a die punch with an internal spline hole, or the blank is placed on a rolling machine and is processed into the external spline by a spline hob, or the external spline is directly processed outside the blank by adopting a milling mode; for the spline shaft sleeve, a cylindrical blank is generally machined, then a central hole is machined in the blank, and finally a broach is used for broaching a groove in the central hole of the blank to form an internal spline, or a die punch with an external spline is used for inserting the central hole of the blank to extrude the internal spline.
In either way, since the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve are formed by machining separately, machining errors are unavoidable in the machining process, and when the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve are matched, the machining errors are overlapped, so that the matching precision is difficult to ensure, and the spline shaft sleeve can be used only marginally for mechanisms with little requirement on the matching precision, but have great influence on mechanisms with high requirements on the matching precision. In this case, it is easy for those skilled in the art to improve the machining accuracy as much as possible during machining, such as coaxiality with the die punch during clamping, or milling accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a manufacturing method of a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve, which solves the problem of poor matching precision.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a method of manufacturing a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve, the method comprising the steps of:
a. designing a spline profile;
b. cutting the next section on the metal bar as a blank;
c. drawing a spline shape on one end face of the blank according to the designed spline profile, and processing a small hole with two ends penetrating through the end face of the blank along the axial direction, wherein the small hole is positioned on the spline profile;
d. and (3) programming a linear cutting program by taking the small holes as initial positions on a control system of the linear cutting equipment according to the designed spline profile, positioning the blank on a tool of the linear cutting equipment, and running the program to perform linear cutting on the blank after threading from the small holes of the blank, so as to obtain a spline shaft with external splines and a spline shaft sleeve with internal splines.
Before manufacturing, designing a spline profile (including parameters such as spline size, tooth number and tooth shape); when the manufacturing is needed, firstly cutting a next section on a metal bar as a blank, then drawing on one end face of the blank according to a designed spline profile, and processing a small hole with two through ends on the blank axially by using punching equipment, namely, respectively positioning the orifices at the two ends of the small hole on the two end faces of the blank, wherein the punching position is ensured to be positioned on the spline profile during punching; and then, according to the designed spline profile, a linear cutting program is compiled on a control system of the linear cutting equipment by taking a small hole as an initial position, the blank is positioned on a tool of the linear cutting equipment along the vertical direction, a metal wire of the linear cutting equipment penetrates through the small hole of the blank, then, the linear cutting program is started to perform linear cutting on the blank, after the linear cutting is completed, the blank is divided into a part with an external spline and a part with an internal spline, wherein the part with the external spline can be directly used as a spline shaft, and the part with the internal spline can be directly used as a spline shaft sleeve to be matched with the spline shaft.
After the linear cutting method is used for linear cutting of the blank, the part with the external spline which is cut out in the linear cutting method can be directly used as a spline shaft, and the remaining part with the internal spline can be directly used as a spline shaft sleeve, so that the integral processing of the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve is realized, and the processing efficiency is improved well; moreover, the obtained spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve have no superposition of machining errors, and have high matching precision.
In the above method for manufacturing the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve, in the step c, an electric spark puncher is adopted to punch the blank.
The electric spark perforating machine and the wire cutting equipment are used for machining a workpiece by using metal wires, so that small holes punched on a blank by using the electric spark perforating machine can be exactly matched with the thickness of the metal wires on the wire cutting equipment, and the problem that the wire cutting precision is affected due to overlarge size difference between the small holes and the metal wires of the wire cutting equipment can be avoided, and the matching precision between the obtained spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve is ensured.
In the method for manufacturing the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve, the blank is quenched before the step c after the step b.
Quenching is a heat treatment process for improving the performance of the blank, and the blank is quenched before online cutting, so that the matching precision between the obtained spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve can be reserved. If the wire cutting is performed and then quenching is performed, the obtained spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve deform, so that the matching precision of the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve is poor.
In the method for manufacturing the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve, the quenching temperature is 35-40 ℃.
In the above method for manufacturing the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve, in the step d, the wire cutting equipment is a fast wire.
In the above method for manufacturing the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve, in the step b, the blank is shaped in a vehicle.
Before the online cutting, the blank is turned according to the actual required use condition of the spline shaft sleeve, so that the matching precision between the obtained spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve can be reserved. If the obtained spline shaft sleeve is subjected to the shape of the vehicle after the online cutting, the spline shaft sleeve is possibly deformed in the machining process, so that the matching precision of the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve is possibly affected.
Compared with the prior art, the manufacturing method of the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve has the advantages that after the linear cutting method is used for linear cutting of the blank, the part with the external spline, which is cut out from the inside, can be directly used as the spline shaft and the remaining part with the internal spline can be directly used as the spline shaft sleeve, so that the obtained spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve have no superposition of processing errors, and have high matching precision; in addition, the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve are synchronously machined, so that the machining efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the method of manufacturing the present spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1
A method of manufacturing a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve, the method comprising the steps of:
a. the spline profile is designed, including spline size, tooth number, tooth form, etc.
b. Cutting the next section on the metal bar as a blank;
in the embodiment, the blank is placed on a machine tool according to actual conditions to carry out the shape of the vehicle;
and then, quenching the blank at 36 ℃ to greatly improve the performance of the blank, and quenching the blank before online cutting to keep the matching precision between the obtained spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve. If the wire cutting is performed and then quenching is performed, the obtained spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve deform, so that the matching precision of the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve is poor.
c. Drawing a spline shape on one end face of the blank according to the designed spline contour, and processing a small hole with two through ends along the axial direction on the end face of the blank, wherein the orifices at the two ends of the small hole are respectively positioned at the two end faces of the blank, and the punching position is ensured to be exactly on the designed spline contour during punching; in the embodiment, the electric spark perforating machine is specifically adopted to punch the blank, and small holes punched on the blank by the electric spark perforating machine can be just matched with the thickness of the metal wire on the wire cutting equipment, so that the influence on the wire cutting precision caused by the overlarge size phase difference between the small holes and the metal wire of the wire cutting equipment can be avoided, and the matching precision between the obtained spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve is ensured.
d. C, taking the small hole obtained in the step as a starting point, programming a linear cutting program (namely a cutting track of a metal wire) on a control system of the linear cutting equipment according to the designed spline profile, positioning the blank on a tool of the linear cutting equipment, threading the metal wire from the small hole of the blank, and then taking the position of the small hole as the starting point to perform the linear cutting program, so that the metal wire can cut the blank, and after the linear cutting is completed, the blank can be divided into a part with external splines and a part with internal splines, wherein the part with the external splines can be directly used as a spline shaft, and the part with the internal splines can be directly used as the spline shaft sleeve to be matched with the spline shaft; the wire cutting equipment specifically adopted in the embodiment is a fast wire, the adopted metal wire is a molybdenum wire, and the cost of the fast wire is lower than that of the slow wire.
After the wire cutting is completed, the obtained spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve are machined according to actual use requirements, such as side part punching, slotting or turning steps.
After the linear cutting method is used for linear cutting of the blank, the part with the external spline which is cut out in the linear cutting method can be directly used as a spline shaft, and the remaining part with the internal spline can be directly used as a spline shaft sleeve, so that the integral processing of the spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve is realized, and the processing efficiency is improved well; moreover, the obtained spline shaft and the spline shaft sleeve have no superposition of machining errors, and have high matching precision.
Example two
The present embodiment is basically the same in structure and principle as the first embodiment, except that: in this example, the quenching temperature was 35 ℃.
Example III
The present embodiment is basically the same in structure and principle as the first embodiment, except that: in this example, the quenching temperature was 40 ℃.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method of manufacturing a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve, the method comprising the steps of:
a. designing a spline profile;
b. cutting the next section on the metal bar as a blank;
c. drawing a spline shape on one end face of the blank according to the designed spline profile, and machining a small hole with two ends penetrating through the end face of the blank along the axial direction by adopting an electric spark perforating machine, wherein the small hole is positioned on the spline profile;
d. and (3) programming a linear cutting program by taking the small holes as initial positions on a control system of the linear cutting equipment according to the designed spline profile, positioning the blank on a tool of the linear cutting equipment, and running the program to perform linear cutting on the blank after threading from the small holes of the blank, so as to obtain a spline shaft with external splines and a spline shaft sleeve with internal splines.
2. The method for manufacturing a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the blank is quenched after step b and before step c.
3. The method for manufacturing a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve according to claim 2, wherein the quenching temperature is 35 ℃ to 40 ℃.
4. A method of manufacturing a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in step d, a wire cutting apparatus is used which is a fast wire.
5. A method of manufacturing a spline shaft and a spline shaft sleeve according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in step b, the blank is shaped into a vehicle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111662892.8A CN114227174B (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Method for manufacturing spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111662892.8A CN114227174B (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Method for manufacturing spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114227174A CN114227174A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
| CN114227174B true CN114227174B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111662892.8A Active CN114227174B (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Method for manufacturing spline shaft and spline shaft sleeve |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN114227174B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102794622A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2012-11-28 | 广州泰胜数控机械有限公司 | Machining method of precise inner gear |
| CN103244570A (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-14 | 博世汽车部件(长沙)有限公司 | Vehicle starter and spline device thereof |
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| DE3708728C1 (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1988-06-23 | Mannesmann Kienzle Gmbh | Process for manufacturing an oval wheel |
| CN201810686U (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-04-27 | 哈尔滨东安发动机（集团）有限公司 | Spline limiting structure |
| CN102211520B (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2013-05-22 | 东方电气集团东风电机有限公司 | Connecting method of pure electrical vehicle driving system |
| CN203227902U (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-10-09 | 东莞万德电子制品有限公司 | Copper electrode capable of being used for integrally machining molds |
| CN203527000U (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-04-09 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Gear shifting guide shaft drilling clamp |
| CN105041838A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-11 | 宁波韵升股份有限公司 | Motor shaft with inner spline and manufacturing method of motor shaft |
| CN105945372A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-21 | 山西北方机械制造有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method for American-system internal spline |
| CN106312479A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-11 | 天津市松正电动汽车技术股份有限公司 | Internal spline sleeve machining technology |
| CN206344429U (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-07-21 | 芜湖海螺挤出装备有限公司 | A kind of plastic section bar extruding mould sizing block positioning device |
| CN209850262U (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-12-27 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Simple manufacturing structure of spline |
| CN210755690U (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2020-06-16 | 济南泰达钛制品有限公司 | Sprocket linear cutting internal tooth processing frock |
| CN111889971A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-06 | 贵州航天职业技术学院 | Tooth-shaped ring processing technology |
-
2021
- 2021-12-30 CN CN202111662892.8A patent/CN114227174B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103244570A (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-08-14 | 博世汽车部件(长沙)有限公司 | Vehicle starter and spline device thereof |
| CN102794622A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2012-11-28 | 广州泰胜数控机械有限公司 | Machining method of precise inner gear |
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| CN114227174A (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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