CN114226752B - Preparation method of continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing and composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing and composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226752B CN114226752B CN202111479505.7A CN202111479505A CN114226752B CN 114226752 B CN114226752 B CN 114226752B CN 202111479505 A CN202111479505 A CN 202111479505A CN 114226752 B CN114226752 B CN 114226752B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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Abstract
The application provides a preparation method of a continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing and the composite material, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s101, selecting a first base material and a second base material, wherein the melting point of the first base material is larger than that of the second base material; s102, setting the specific size of the first base material according to the characteristics and the structure application working conditions of the first base material; s103, preparing the first base material into a reinforced phase material with continuous characteristics through a 3D printing technology according to the specific size of the first base material; s104, mixing the second base material into the reinforced phase material in a gravity casting mode to obtain the composite material with the continuous reinforced phase. According to the preparation method of the continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing, the prepared composite material has a continuous reinforced phase and a continuous matrix phase, and all phases are topologically continuous on a microstructure.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing and the composite material.
Background
The composite material is characterized in that two or more materials coexist in a whole in a mutually independent mode in a phase state by a physical or chemical method, has the advantage of improving certain performance of the materials or complementing the defects of the materials or obtaining new performance, and is widely applied to various fields in industry and life. Conventional composite materials can be classified into particle-reinforced composite materials and fiber-reinforced composite materials according to the type of reinforcing phase. The conventional reinforcing phases are all discrete dots or fibers, the individual reinforcing phases do not have a load bearing capacity, and the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase is often very low due to manufacturing process limitations. Accordingly, the related art has been working on preparing composite materials with a continuous reinforcing phase.
The methods of preparing composite materials with continuous reinforcement phases today are mainly in-situ generation and ex-situ. Wherein the in-situ generation method refers to an amplitude modulation decomposition method and a chemical decomposition method: the chemical decomposition method generates a continuous reinforced phase composite material in situ through chemical reaction; amplitude modulation decomposition refers to the spontaneous separation of two coexisting phases by means of supersaturated solutions, forming a continuous reinforced phase composite with a large interface between the phases. However, the in-situ generation method is limited to specific base materials, such as alumina ceramic continuous reinforced phase-aluminum metal matrix composite materials, and the like, and has a very narrow application range. The ex-situ method is a method for respectively processing and re-synthesizing the reinforcing phase and the matrix, and the general process is that a reinforcing phase framework (preformed/scaffold) is prefabricated, and then pressure permeation (pressure-infusion) is carried out to obtain IPC; or the powder of the second phase material is covered with the reinforcing phase by a powder metallurgy method, and the reinforcing phase is synthesized by a hot pressing method. Compared with an in-situ method, the ex-situ method can control the structure of the reinforcing phase, but has new problems, such as stricter experimental conditions and gas environment for pressure permeation, complex operation and higher cost; for example, the hot pressing method needs to prepare metal powder with higher cost in advance, and also needs stricter experimental conditions, and the original reinforcing phase material can be damaged by certain pressure.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved method for overcoming the above problems in the prior art, since the prior art method of producing a composite material having a continuous reinforcing phase has been known.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present application proposes a method for preparing a continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing, which combines an additive manufacturing technology and a gravity casting technology: the reinforced phase material is manufactured by additive manufacturing, so that the rapid high-precision manufacturing of any continuous phase structure can be realized, the second phase material is cast into the reinforced phase material by utilizing gravity, and finally, the composite material with the continuous reinforced phase is formed by condensation or hardening;
on the other hand, a composite material is provided, which is prepared by adopting a preparation method of a continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing, so that each phase is topologically continuous on microstructure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of preparing a continuous reinforcement phase composite based on additive manufacturing, the method comprising:
s101, selecting a first base material and a second base material, wherein the melting point of the first base material is larger than that of the second base material;
s102, setting the specific size of the first base material according to the characteristics and the structure application working conditions of the first base material;
s103, preparing the first base material into a reinforced phase material with continuous characteristics through a 3D printing technology according to the specific size of the first base material;
s104, mixing the second base material into the reinforced phase material in a gravity casting mode to obtain the composite material with the continuous reinforced phase.
Optionally, the first base material is prepared into a reinforcing phase material with continuous characteristics by a 3D printing technology according to a specific size of the first base material, and specifically includes:
s1, constructing a structural model of the first parent material by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software according to the specific size of the first parent material;
s2, printing the first parent material into the structural model constructed in the step S1 through a 3D printing technology;
and S3, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the structural model printed in the step S2, and cleaning to remove surface oxides and greasy dirt, thereby obtaining the reinforced phase material with continuous characteristics.
Optionally, the second base material is mixed into the reinforcing phase material by gravity casting, so as to obtain a composite material with a continuous reinforcing phase, specifically comprising:
s4, respectively placing the second parent metal in a heating container, placing the reinforcing phase material in a heat-resistant container, wherein the heating container is positioned above the heat-resistant container, the bottom of the heating container is provided with an outlet, and the heat-resistant container is provided with an inlet matched with the outlet;
s5, starting the heating container, melting the second base material to obtain a second base material melt, enabling the second base material melt to flow out of the outlet hole and flow into the heat-resistant container from the inlet hole, uniformly mixing with the first base material, covering the first base material, and keeping the temperature and standing for a period of time after the second base material melt completely enters the heat-resistant container to obtain the composite material with the continuous reinforcing phase.
Optionally, the first base material and the second base material are both metallic materials.
Optionally, the first base material is a metal or a non-metal material, and the second base material is a resin material.
Optionally, in the case that the first base material is a metal material, after performing sand blasting treatment on the structural model printed in the step S2, cleaning to remove surface oxides and oil stains, thereby obtaining a reinforced phase material with continuous characteristics, including:
and (3) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the structural model printed in the step (S2), and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic water washing, acetone washing and acid washing to obtain the reinforced phase material with continuous characteristics.
Optionally, the 3D printing technology includes any one of selective laser melting technology SLM, selective laser sintering technology SLS, arc additive manufacturing technology WAAM, electron beam additive manufacturing technology EBAM, and fused deposition manufacturing technology FDM.
Optionally, the heat resistant container is made of ceramic or graphite.
Optionally, a pressurizing port is arranged at the top of the heating container, and the pressurizing port is used for increasing the pressure in the heating container and promoting the outflow of the second parent metal melt.
Accordingly, the present application also provides an additive manufacturing-based continuous reinforced phase composite material, which is prepared according to the preparation method of the additive manufacturing-based continuous reinforced phase composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:
according to the preparation method of the continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing and the composite material, the reinforced phase material is prepared through the additive manufacturing technology, and the matrix is combined with the reinforced phase material through gravity casting to prepare the composite material with a continuous reinforced phase and a continuous matrix phase; on one hand, the problem that the reinforcing phase of the composite material is difficult to keep continuous is solved, on the other hand, the problem that the structure of the reinforcing phase is difficult or even impossible to control by an in-situ generation method is solved, the manufacturing procedure of the composite material with the continuous reinforcing phase is greatly simplified, and the flexibility of the composite material is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the present application will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method of preparing a continuous reinforced phase composite based on additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram illustrating a case where the second base material is a metallic material according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram showing a case where the second base material is a resin material according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a metal matrix composite with a continuous reinforcing phase according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a metal matrix composite with a continuous reinforcing phase as shown in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of BCC and BCCz as shown in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a wire cut sample plot of a BCCz continuous reinforcement phase composite material as shown in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is an optical microscope image of FIG. 7;
figure 9 is a RVE schematic diagram of a composite material having a continuous reinforcing phase and a particle reinforced composite material shown in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a finite element simulation result diagram of each test example shown in an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. heating the container; 2. a second base material; 3. a heat-resistant container; 4. a reinforcing phase material; 5. a pipe; 6. a pressurizing port; 7. a BCC structure; 8. and a BCCz structure.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. It will be apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a flow chart of steps of a method for preparing a continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing according to the present invention. The first aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps:
s101: selecting a first base material and a second base material 2, wherein the melting point of the first base material is larger than that of the second base material 2;
s102, setting the specific size of the first base material according to the characteristics and the structure application working conditions of the first base material;
s103, preparing the first base material into a reinforced phase material 4 with continuous characteristics through a 3D printing technology according to the specific size of the first base material;
and S104, mixing the second base material 2 into the reinforcing phase material 4 by gravity casting to obtain the composite material with the continuous reinforcing phase.
The composite material is characterized in that two or more materials coexist in a whole in a mutually independent mode in a phase state by adopting a physical or chemical method, so that certain performance of the material is improved, or the defects of the materials are complemented, or new performance is obtained. Conventionally, materials with better properties are used as the reinforcing phase, typically the reinforcing phase material has discontinuous characteristics and the matrix material has continuous characteristics. It should be appreciated that the performance factors affecting the composite material include the manufacturing process, the characteristics of the matrix material and the reinforcing phase material 4, etc. Accordingly, the characteristics of the first base material may be physical and chemical properties such as density, specific modulus, specific strength, specific stiffness, melting point, ductility, and type of the reinforcing phase material 4 using a certain material as a base material. Wherein the melting point of the first base material is greater than the melting point of the second base material 2, the first base material serves as the reinforcing phase material 4, and the second base material 2 serves as the matrix material, whereby the second base material 2 is bonded to the first base material by condensation or hardening. The present invention uses a material having a relatively high melting point as the reinforcing phase material 4, and is not limited to the case where the first base material is used only as the reinforcing phase material 4.
The structural application condition refers to the arrangement condition of the first base material as the reinforcing phase material 4 in the composite material, the volume fraction which can be manufactured, the achievable load capacity and the like. Therefore, the size is built by combining the characteristics of the first parent metal and the structure application working condition.
The 3D printing technology is based on digital model files, can construct articles by utilizing bondable materials such as metal, ceramic or plastic and the like in a composition printing mode, and is widely applied to the fields of mould manufacturing, industrial design and the like.
Gravity casting is a conventional manufacturing process, meaning a process that uses gravity to condense or harden a liquid material into a solid material. The advantages are that: the operation is simple, the process is mature, the cost of the parent metal is low, and the parent metal is easy to process and obtain.
The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows:
classical composite materials are in the form of particle-reinforced, fiber-reinforced or laminated composite materials, the reinforcing phase tends to be discrete, the discrete reinforcing phase does not have load-bearing capacity, and the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase is low; the phases of the composite material with continuous reinforcement are topologically continuous on the microstructure, and the structures of the phases of the composite material with continuous reinforcement can be independently supported and have bearing capacity. The invention designs and prepares the reinforced phase material 4 with any form continuous structure according to specific load conditions and working conditions by means of computer aided design based on additive manufacturing technology, and the structure of the reinforced phase material 4 is controllable; the reinforced phase material 4 is filled by utilizing the fluidity of the matrix material under the gravity, and finally the composite material with continuous reinforced phase is formed by condensation, so that the preparation process has high flexibility.
Specifically, the first base material is prepared into the reinforcing phase material 4 having continuous characteristics by a 3D printing technique according to a specific size of the first base material, specifically including:
s1, constructing a structural model of the first parent material by utilizing three-dimensional drawing software according to the specific size of the first parent material;
s2, printing the first parent material into the structural model constructed in the step S1 through a 3D printing technology;
and S3, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the structural model printed in the step S2, and cleaning to remove surface oxides and greasy dirt to obtain the reinforced phase material 4 with continuous characteristics.
As a specific explanation of the present embodiment, the three-dimensional drawing software for constructing the structural model of the first parent material may be selected from three-dimensional CAD drawing software or Solidworks software.
The constructed structural model of the first parent material can be a lattice structure, and the size and shape of the lattice structure can be arbitrarily selected; the device can also be a topological structure, and the size and shape of the topological structure can be selected; or a mesh structure, etc. Wherein the topology can be designed based on topology optimization calculations. And loading the first parent metal into a 3D printer, inputting the three-dimensional drawing program into slicing software of the 3D printer for conversion, and printing a required shape product by the 3D printer according to the structure model constructed in the software in a sequential point-by-point, gradual or surface-by-surface mode. Wherein the slicing technique converts three-dimensional data information of the structural model into a series of two-dimensional data and performs printing with a 3D printer with specific printing parameters. It should be noted that, the principle of the 3D printing technology belongs to the prior art, the structure and principle of the slicing software, and the setting mode and range of the printing parameters are not specifically described in this embodiment.
The surface of the printed structural model may be rough, has layering and the like, and impurities on the surface and inside of the structural model are removed by cleaning after sand blasting treatment, so that the prepared reinforced phase material 4 has high precision. The invention adopts 3D printing technology to prepare complex continuous reinforcing phase structure, and provides new degree of freedom for regulating and controlling effective performance of composite material.
More specifically, the second base material 2 is mixed into the reinforcing phase material 4 by gravity casting to obtain a composite material having a continuous reinforcing phase, specifically including:
referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 shows a process flow chart of the present invention in the case where the second base material 2 is a metal material; fig. 3 shows a process flow chart in the case where the second base material 2 is a resin material of the present invention. Mixing the second base material 2 into the reinforcing phase material 4 by gravity casting to obtain a composite material with a continuous reinforcing phase, specifically comprising:
s4, respectively placing the second base materials 2 in a heating container 1, placing the reinforcing phase materials 4 in a heat-resistant container 3, wherein the heating container 1 is positioned above the heat-resistant container 3, the bottom of the heating container 1 is provided with an outlet hole, and the heat-resistant container 3 is provided with an inlet hole matched with the outlet hole;
s5, starting the heating container 1, melting the second base metal 2 to obtain a second base metal 2 melt, enabling the second base metal 2 melt to flow out of the outlet hole and flow into the heat-resistant container 3 from the inlet hole, uniformly mixing with the first base metal, covering the first base metal, and keeping the temperature and standing for a period of time after all the second base metal 2 melt enters the heat-resistant container 3 to obtain the composite material with the continuous reinforcing phase.
Alternatively, the first base material and the second base material 2 are both metal materials.
Alternatively, the first base material is a metal or a non-metal material, and the second base material 2 is a resin material.
The invention is suitable for preparing the first base material which is a metal reinforcing phase or a nonmetal reinforcing phase and the second base material which is a metal base or a resin base. Thermosetting resins as casting phase: polystyrene resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, acrylic resin, and silicone resin. The curing agent can be added to generate heat for curing.
Meanwhile, the nonmetallic reinforcing phase can adopt photosensitive resin. Wherein the photosensitive resin can be selected from SLA (StereoLithography Apparatus) industrial grade photosensitive resin, SLA (StereoLithography Apparatus) desktop grade resin, DLP (Digital Light Processing) desktop grade resin, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) desktop grade resin.
The following are listed as the corresponding technical routes and specific process flows.
Referring to fig. 2, when the second base material 2 is a metal material: the second base material 2 is melted into a liquid by the heating vessel 1, and the second base material 2 is filled with the reinforcing phase material 4 by fluidity under gravity by the height of the heating vessel 1 being larger than the height of the heat-resistant vessel 3. Wherein the heating container 1 may be a heating furnace, and the temperature of the heating furnace is set so that the temperature is slightly higher than the melting point of the second base material 2 and lower than the melting point of the first base material, so that the second base material 2 in the heating furnace is melted. Furthermore, the heating furnace is communicated with the heat-resistant container 3 through a pipeline 5, two ends of the pipeline 5 are respectively connected with an outlet hole of the heating furnace and an inlet hole of the heat-resistant container 3, and the second base metal 2 melt enters the heat-resistant container 3 from the pipeline 5 to gradually cover the reinforcing phase material 4, so that the metal matrix composite material with continuous reinforcing phase is formed.
Referring to fig. 3, when the second base material 2 is a resin material: the second base material 2 is melted into a liquid by the heating vessel 1, and the second base material 2 is filled with the reinforcing phase material 4 by fluidity under gravity by the height of the heating vessel 1 being larger than the height of the heat-resistant vessel 3. Wherein the heating vessel 1 is a nonmetallic liquid vessel, and the second base material 2 in the nonmetallic liquid vessel is melted by appropriate heating or radiation. The outlet hole of the nonmetallic liquid container is aligned with the inlet hole of the heat-resistant container 3, and the second base metal 2 melt vertically enters the heat-resistant container 3 under the action of gravity to gradually cover the reinforcing phase material 4, so that the resin composite material with continuous reinforcing phase is formed. In the present embodiment, when the nonmetallic material is a liquid resin, the gravity casting mode may be directly started after the liquid resin is placed in the nonmetallic liquid container, so that the fluidity of the second base material 2 under gravity fills the reinforcing phase material 4 to form a resin composite material having a continuous reinforcing phase.
As a modification of the present embodiment, a ceramic or graphite crucible is used for the heat-resistant container 3.
Further improved, the liquid is more flowable, and a pressurizing opening 6 can be arranged at the top of the heating furnace, and the pressurizing opening 6 is used for increasing the pressure in the heating furnace. The pressurizing port 6 achieves a certain effect of low-pressure casting. After flowing into the heat-resistant container 3 completely, the temperature was kept for 4 hours, and then cooled in air.
The continuous reinforced phase composite material prepared by the invention can obtain more excellent mechanical, electric and heat conducting properties.
In another embodiment, in the case that the first base material is a metal material, after performing sand blasting on the structural model printed in the step S2, cleaning to remove surface oxides and oil stains, thereby obtaining a reinforced phase material 4 with continuous characteristics, which specifically includes:
and (3) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the structural model printed in the step (S2), and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic water washing, acetone washing and acid washing to obtain the reinforced phase material 4 with continuous characteristics.
The surface roughness of the printed structural model needs further treatment, and when the first base material is a metal material, the ultrasonic washing can remove impurities on the surface and in the structural model; acetone washing can remove greasy dirt of the printed structural model and remove layering of the structural model; acid washing can remove oxides which can be generated; finally, washing with water to remove residual acetone and pickling solution.
Accordingly, when the first base material is a nonmetallic material, ultrasonic water washing and alcohol rinsing may be employed. Wherein the impurities on the surface and in the structure model can be removed by water washing; the alcohol washing can remove the residual photosensitive resin liquid on the surface.
In another embodiment, the 3D printing technique includes any one of a selective laser melting technique SLM (Selective laser melting), a selective laser sintering technique SLS (Selective laser sintering), an arc additive manufacturing technique WAAM (WireArcAdditiveManufacture), an electron beam additive manufacturing technique EBAM (Electron Beam Selective Melting), and a fused deposition manufacturing technique FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling).
Any material printed by the additive manufacturing technology of the continuous reinforcing phase can be combined with the gravity casting technology to finish the preparation of the composite material with the continuous reinforcing phase, and when the first base material is a metal material, a selective laser melting technology SLM, a selective laser sintering technology SLS, an arc additive manufacturing technology WAAM, an electron beam additive manufacturing technology EBAM and the like can be selected; in the case where the first base material is a non-metallic material, the non-metallic reinforcing phase material 4 may be directly printed using a non-metallic 3D printing device, such as by fused deposition fabrication techniques FDM, light curing techniques SLA, multiple jet fusion techniques MJF (Multi Jet Fusion), or the like.
For other composite materials, such as metal matrix ceramic reinforced phase composite materials, 3D printing equipment of corresponding materials can be flexibly adopted, and the method is realized by combining with casting; the matrix phase is also not limited to metals and resins, but is also applicable to polymer or other nonmetallic material bases.
The invention also provides a composite material prepared by the preparation method of the continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing. The effective modulus value of the composite material can be regulated and controlled under the same volume fraction of the reinforcing phase by regulating the structural form of the continuous phase.
Example 1:
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a metal matrix composite having a continuous reinforcing phase according to the present invention; fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a metal matrix composite with a continuous reinforcing phase, as shown in the present invention. As shown with reference to figures 4 and 5,
the first base material uses 316L stainless steel as a reinforcing phase, and the second base material 2 uses pure aluminum as a matrix phase. A method of preparing a continuous reinforcement phase composite based on additive manufacturing, the method comprising:
constructing a BCCz lattice structure of the 316L stainless steel by CAD drawing software;
printing 316L stainless steel into a BCCz lattice structure through a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology;
removing impurities from the printed BCCz lattice structure by ultrasonic water washing for 5min, washing with acetone for 5min to remove greasy dirt, washing with 5% nitric acid for 5min to remove residual metal powder on the surface of the BCCz lattice structure; washing off residual acetone and nitric acid after ultrasonic washing for 5min, drying, and placing the dried BCCz lattice structure in a ceramic container;
creating gravity casting condition, fixing the heating furnace above the ceramic container, arranging outlet hole at the bottom of the heating furnace, arranging inlet hole at the top or side wall of the ceramic container, and communicating the heating furnace with the heat-resistant container 3 via pipeline 5. Putting pure aluminum into a heating furnace, heating the heating furnace to 750 ℃ to melt the pure aluminum into liquid, preserving heat for 4 hours, flowing into a ceramic container by utilizing gravity, taking out and cooling at room temperature to obtain the BCCz continuous reinforced phase composite material.
FIG. 7 is a wire cut sample plot of a BCCz continuous reinforcement phase composite material of the present invention; fig. 8 is an optical microscope image of fig. 7. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the reinforced phase and the matrix interface of the BCCz continuous reinforced phase composite material prepared by the present invention are well connected.
It should be noted that there are various types of lattice structures, and that the body-cubic unit cell (abbreviated as BCC) is the most widely studied unit cell structure of one lattice. Since the BCC structure 7 is bend-dominant, the mechanical properties are relatively poor. The BCCz structure 8 is based on the original structure of the BCC structure 7, and vertical rods are added in the main bearing direction, so that the effective modulus of the BCCz structure 8 is greatly improved, and the BCCz structure 8 is a stretching dominant single cell structure.
Example 2:
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the BCC structure 7 and the BCCz structure 8 shown in the present invention. Referring to fig. 6, unlike example 1, 316L stainless steel was printed into a BCC lattice structure by SLM technology. The remaining steps and principles remain the same as in example 1.
Example 3:
the first base material uses carbon fiber as a reinforcing phase, and the second base material 2 uses epoxy resin as a matrix phase. A method of preparing a continuous reinforcement phase composite based on additive manufacturing, the method comprising:
constructing a topological structure of the carbon fiber through CAD drawing software;
printing the carbon fiber into a topological structure through a light curing technology SLA;
washing the printed topological structure for 5min by ultrasonic and 5min by alcohol to remove residual impurities on the surface and in the topological structure; drying, namely placing the dried topological structure in a ceramic container;
creating gravity casting condition, fixing the nonmetallic liquid container above the ceramic container, arranging outlet holes at the bottom of the nonmetallic liquid container, and arranging inlet holes at the top of the ceramic container. Placing epoxy resin in a nonmetallic liquid container, heating the nonmetallic liquid container to 150 ℃ to melt the epoxy resin into liquid, preserving heat for 4 hours, flowing into a ceramic container by utilizing gravity, taking out and cooling at room temperature to obtain the topological continuous reinforced phase composite material.
Example 4:
unlike example 3, the second base material 2 uses a phenolic resin as a matrix phase.
Example 5:
unlike example 3, the second base material 2 uses polytetrafluoroethylene resin as a matrix phase; and the nonmetallic liquid container is set to heat up to 350 ℃.
Based on the current lack of discussion regarding the effective modulus of composite materials with continuous reinforcing phases for different structural forms. The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples 1 and 2:
performance test:
to further illustrate the effective modulus of the composite materials with continuous reinforcing phases in different structural forms. Accordingly, two different lattice structures of the BCCz continuous reinforced phase composite material and the BCC continuous reinforced phase composite material prepared in examples 1 and 2 were subjected to corresponding finite element simulation tests.
Test preparation:
to demonstrate that composites with continuous reinforcement phases at the same volume fraction have better stiffness than composites with discrete reinforcement phases, corresponding finite element calculations were performed.
Figure 9 is a schematic RVE diagram of a composite with a continuous reinforcing phase and a particle reinforced composite according to the present invention. Referring to fig. 9, a composite material with a continuous reinforcement phase and a particle-reinforced composite material having the same volume fraction, a representative volume unit RVE of equal size was selected for finite element analysis. The effective elastic modulus E of the composite material was calculated by the homogenization method by applying a compressive displacement load to the representative volume element.
Test example:
and respectively selecting the BCC continuous reinforced phase composite material, the BCCz continuous reinforced phase composite material and the particle reinforced composite material. Wherein the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase of each test example was set to 10%, 20% and 30%. The material property of the given matrix phase is E mat ＝20000MPa，μ mat Material properties of reinforcing phase =0.3, μ e =0.3, change the elastic modulus E of the reinforcing phase e And (5) performing calculation.
The test results were as follows:
fig. 10 is a finite element simulation result diagram of each test example shown in the present invention. Referring to FIG. 10, the abscissa represents the enhanced phase elastic modulus E e Modulus of elasticity E of matrix phase material mat The ratio, the ordinate is the effective elastic modulus E and the matrix modulus E of the composite material mat Is a ratio of (2). In the figure ball represents a particle reinforced composite material, BCC represents a BCC continuous reinforced phase composite material, and BCCz represents a BCCz continuous reinforced phase composite material. The volume fraction of the reinforcing phase represents 10%, 20% and 30% of the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase in each test example.
The results of FIG. 10 show that for a BCC continuous reinforcement phase composite, when the modulus of elasticity ratio E of the reinforcement phase to the matrix phase material e /E mat At smaller times, the effective modulus of the BCC reinforced composite is not as great as the effective modulus of the equal volume fraction of the particle reinforced composite; as the volume fraction of the reinforcement phase increases, the effective modulus of the BCC reinforcement composite gradually exceeds the homovolume fractionA number of particles reinforce the effective modulus of the composite. The control data for three different volume fractions indicate that as the volume fraction of the reinforcement phase increases, the modulus ratio E is required to cause the effective modulus of the BCC reinforced composite to exceed the effective modulus of the particle reinforced composite of the same volume fraction e /E mat Gradually becoming smaller. For the BCCz continuous reinforced phase composite material, the effective modulus is always larger than that of the particle reinforced composite material with equal volume fraction and the BCC reinforced composite material with equal volume fraction; and as the volume fraction of the BCCz reinforcing phase increases, the effective modulus advantage of the BCCz continuous reinforcing phase composite material is more obvious.
The above results demonstrate that by manipulating the structure of a composite material with a continuous reinforcing phase, a better modulus of elasticity can be obtained than with conventional particle-reinforced composites. The structural form of the continuous reinforcing phase provides a new degree of freedom for composite design.
While preferred embodiments of the present embodiments have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.
The invention only discusses the effect of the two continuous reinforcements BCC and BCCz with respect to the effective modulus of the composite material, and is equally applicable to other continuous reinforcement phase material forms, such as different lattice structures, topologies, etc.
The preparation method of the continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing and the composite material provided by the application are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principles and the implementation modes of the application, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have modifications in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application in view of the above.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a continuous reinforced phase composite material based on additive manufacturing is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
the first base material adopts 316L stainless steel as a reinforcing phase, the second base material adopts pure aluminum as a matrix phase, and a BCCz lattice structure of the 316L stainless steel is constructed through CAD drawing software;
printing 316L stainless steel into a BCCz lattice structure by a selective laser melting technology;
removing impurities from the printed BCCz lattice structure by ultrasonic water washing for 5min, washing with acetone for 5min to remove greasy dirt, washing with 5% nitric acid for 5min to remove residual metal powder on the surface of the BCCz lattice structure; washing with ultrasonic water for 5min to remove residual acetone and nitric acid, drying, and placing the dried BCCz lattice structure in a ceramic container;
creating gravity casting conditions, arranging a fixed heating furnace above a ceramic container, arranging an outlet hole at the bottom of the heating furnace, arranging a hole at the top or on the side wall of the ceramic container, enabling the heating furnace to be communicated with the ceramic container through a pipeline, arranging pure aluminum in the heating furnace, arranging the heating furnace to heat to 750 ℃, melting the pure aluminum into liquid, preserving heat for 4 hours, flowing into the ceramic container by utilizing gravity, taking out and cooling at room temperature to obtain the BCCz continuous reinforced phase composite material, wherein the volume fraction of the reinforced phase in the BCCz continuous reinforced phase composite material is 30%.
2. A continuous reinforced phase composite based on additive manufacturing, characterized in that the composite is prepared according to the method for preparing a continuous reinforced phase composite based on additive manufacturing according to claim 1.
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