CN114226448A - Method for restoring cadmium-polluted dry farmland by using plant interplanting - Google Patents
Method for restoring cadmium-polluted dry farmland by using plant interplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226448A CN114226448A CN202010943173.2A CN202010943173A CN114226448A CN 114226448 A CN114226448 A CN 114226448A CN 202010943173 A CN202010943173 A CN 202010943173A CN 114226448 A CN114226448 A CN 114226448A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 56
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000510609 Ferula Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L iron(ii) gluconate Chemical compound [Fe+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011303 Brassica alboglabra Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011302 Brassica oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cadmium pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a method for repairing a cadmium-polluted dry land by using plant interplanting. In order to solve the problems that the conventional remediation method is difficult to popularize and the farmland is stopped in the remediation process, the invention provides the remediation method which can slowly remediate the cadmium-polluted dry farmland in a plant interplanting mode and can continuously generate economic benefits for the farmland. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a method for repairing cadmium-polluted dry farmland by using plant interplanting is used for repairing the cadmium-polluted dry farmland by taking two years as a period, and meanwhile, economic benefits are generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cadmium pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a method for repairing a cadmium-polluted dry land by using plant interplanting.
Background
Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements, and the cadmium absorbed by plants can affect human health through a food chain. With the development of industry and the aggravation of urban pollution and the increase of the types and the amounts of agricultural chemicals, the cadmium pollution of the soil is increasingly serious. The rice is one of three major food crops in China, when the cadmium content absorbed and accumulated in rice plants exceeds a certain threshold value, the growth and development of the rice and the yield and quality of the rice are adversely affected, even the quality safety of the rice is affected, and particularly under the biological amplification effect of a food chain, the rice seriously threatens the life and health of people and animals. At present, a large number of farmlands in China suffer from cadmium pollution. The area of 5-10% in the cadmium-polluted farmland has serious yield reduction, and various produced grains are not suitable for eating. The safety problem of grain crops is directly related to the health and safety of human beings, so that how to produce safe grain crops on the basis of not wasting the land becomes a hotspot and a difficulty.
The cadmium in the farmland is derived from natural environment and agricultural production activities besides dumping or leakage of a large amount of cadmium-containing substances, wherein 55 percent of cadmium is derived from manure, 2 percent of cadmium is derived from irrigation water, 6 percent of cadmium is derived from chemical fertilizer, and 37 percent of cadmium is derived from air, so that the cadmium in the farmland cannot be passivated without being treated, most of cadmium in the farmland is researched for repairing paddy fields and reducing the cadmium content in paddy rice, the researches on vegetables and dry farmlands are less, and the farmland can be stopped for many farmland repairing researches, but the cadmium can not be repaired or the cadmium absorption of crops can not be reduced for the farmland with light pollution and moderate pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the conventional remediation method is difficult to popularize and the farmland is stopped in the remediation process, the invention provides the remediation method which can slowly remediate the cadmium-polluted dry farmland in a plant interplanting mode and can continuously generate economic benefits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a method for repairing cadmium-polluted dry farmland by using plant interplanting is used for repairing the cadmium-polluted dry farmland by taking two years as a period, and meanwhile, economic benefits are generated.
Preferably, the first year comprises the following steps: s1, in the early spring, shallow ploughing the farmland, and irrigating the farmland with water added with quicklime; s2, planting fern horn ; s3: growing seedlings of the cabbage in 5 months; s4: pulling out the castellated iron angle in the field at the beginning of 6 months, and after pulling out the castellated iron angle , deep ploughing and raking the land; s5: measuring the pH value of the farmland and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5; s6: irrigating the land in the middle ten days of 6 months and putting compound fertilizer into the water inlet of the farmland; s7: after water permeates into the ground and is dried for one to two days, transferring the cabbage seedlings into a farmland, and performing field management on the cabbages; s8: after the cabbage is mature and sold, the root of the cabbage is taken out, and the castellated iron horn is planted again; s9: when the autumn comes, the claw is pulled out.
Preferably, the second year comprises the following steps: a1: in the early spring season, deeply ploughing and harrowing the farmland; a2: irrigating a farmland, and adding plant ash into a water inlet of the farmland to increase the fertility of soil; a3: planting fern horns after the surface of the farmland is dried; a4: growing seedlings of the cabbages in the May middle; a5: the method comprises the following steps of (1) lifting out a claw iron angle in a field at the beginning of 6 months, and after lifting out a claw iron angle , shallow ploughing, loosening soil and raking the soil; a6: irrigating the land in the middle ten days of 6 months and putting compound fertilizer into the water inlet of the farmland; a7: after water seeps underground and is dried for one to two days, the cabbage seedlings are moved to a farmland, and the ferox caput-shaped corners and the cabbages are planted in the farmland and subjected to field management; a8: after the cabbage is mature and sold, the cabbage roots are taken out; a9: when the autumn comes, the claw is pulled out.
Preferably, the deep ploughing depth is 40 cm.
Preferably, the depth of the shallow ploughing is 10 to 20 cm.
Preferably, the ratio of the intercropped fern horn to the cabbage is 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 or 3:1, and the ratio is determined according to the content of cadmium in an effective state in soil.
Preferably, the method for determining the proportion of the fern horn cabbages comprises the following steps: b1: after shallow ploughing of the land, measuring the pH value in the land; b2: if the pH is less than 6.5, adding ammonium phosphate during irrigation, and adjusting the pH to be between 6.5 and 7.5; b3: if the pH value is more than 7.5, adding ammonium sulfate during irrigation, and adjusting the pH value to be between 6.5 and 7.5; b4: after the pH value is adjusted, measuring the content of the available cadmium in the soil in the farmland; b5: if the cadmium content is between 0.25 and 0.35mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 1: 1; if the cadmium content is lower than 0.25mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 0: 1; if the cadmium content is between 0.35 and 0.40mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 2: 1; if the cadmium content is between 0.40 and 0.45mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 3: 1. Preferably, the produced fern horn is sold as ornamental plants or potted plants.
The beneficial effects created by the invention are as follows: (1) the method mainly aims at the remediation of farmlands with light cadmium pollution and moderate cadmium pollution, the cadmium is absorbed in the effective state in the farmlands by utilizing the cadmium enrichment capacity of the castellated iron horn in the remediation process, the cadmium is fixed by a chemical method of adding quicklime, meanwhile, the economic benefit of the land is kept, and the produced castellated iron horn can be sold as an ornamental plant; (2) by utilizing the planting period and the growth period of the medium cabbage, the ferox horn can be planted before the medium cabbage is planted for cadmium removal; (3) the two sides of the soil are planted back and forth in a deep ploughing mode, and the soil is treated back and forth, so that the economic benefit of the farmland is guaranteed.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
selecting a dry land with moderate cadmium pollution, detecting that the content of effective cadmium in the dry land is 0.8mg/kg, then selecting a water source meeting the standard to irrigate the dry land, adding quicklime into a water inlet to fix part of the effective cadmium, detecting that the content of the effective cadmium in the soil is 0.5mg/kg and the pH in the soil is 7.3 after the surface of the land is dry, planting ferula sinensiformis in 3 months, performing greenhouse seedling culture on medium cabbages in 5 months, taking out the ferula sinensiformis in 6 months, and measuring the cadmium content in the soil and the ferula sinensiformis to be 0.4mg/kg and 65mg/kg respectively. Deeply ploughing and raking the soil, detecting the pH value and the cadmium content of the soil to be 6.4 and 0.17mg/kg respectively, then irrigating the farmland, adding ammonium phosphate at a water inlet, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 6.8; after water permeates into the ground and is dried for one to two days, transferring the cabbage seedlings into a farmland, and performing field management on the cabbages; after the cabbage is mature and sold, the root of the cabbage is taken out, and the castellated iron horn is planted again; at the moment, the cadmium content in the soil and the cadmium content in the cabbage are detected to be 0.19mg/kg and 0.10mg/kg respectively; the cadmium content in the cabbage accords with the national standard, and when the autumn comes, the castellated iron horn is lifted out, and the cadmium content in the soil and the cadmium content in the castellated iron horn are detected to be 0.12mg/kg and 25mg/kg respectively.
In the second year, in the early spring, deeply ploughing and harrowing the farmland; irrigating a farmland, and adding plant ash into a water inlet of the farmland to increase the fertility of soil; detecting the cadmium content and the PH value of the effective state in the soil to be 0.45mg/kg and 6.9 respectively; planting fern horns after the surface of the farmland is dried; growing seedlings of the cabbages in the May middle; the method comprises the steps of (1) removing castellated iron horns from a field at the beginning of 6 months, removing castellated iron horns , carrying out shallow ploughing, loosening soil and raking, and detecting the cadmium content and the pH value of the effective state in the soil and the cadmium content in the castellated iron horns to be 0.39mg/kg, 6.8 and 42mg/kg respectively; irrigating the land in the middle ten days of 6 months and putting compound fertilizer into the water inlet of the farmland; after water permeates into the ground, the cabbage seedlings are dried for one to two days, the cabbage seedlings are moved to a farmland, the ferula denticulata and the cabbage are planted according to the proportion of 2:1, and field management is carried out; after the cabbage is mature and sold, taking out the roots of the cabbage, and detecting that the cadmium content in the cabbage is 0.17mg/kg and meets the national standard; and (3) when the autumn comes, pulling out the ferula denticulata , and detecting that the content of the effective cadmium in the soil and the content of the cadmium in the ferula denticulata are 0.33mg/kg and 35mg/kg respectively. And repeating the steps of the first year in the third year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40 cm. The depth of the shallow ploughing is 10-20 cm. The proportion of the intercropped fern horn to the cabbage is 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 or 3:1, and the proportion is determined according to the content of cadmium in an effective state in soil.
The method for determining the proportion of the castellated castellations cabbage comprises the following steps: b1: after shallow ploughing of the land, measuring the pH value in the land; b2: if the pH is less than 6.5, adding ammonium phosphate during irrigation, and adjusting the pH to be between 6.5 and 7.5; b3: if the pH value is more than 7.5, adding ammonium sulfate during irrigation, and adjusting the pH value to be between 6.5 and 7.5; b4: after the pH value is adjusted, measuring the content of the available cadmium in the soil in the farmland; b5: if the cadmium content is between 0.25 and 0.35mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 1: 1; if the cadmium content is lower than 0.25mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 0: 1; if the cadmium content is between 0.35 and 0.40mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 2: 1; if the cadmium content is between 0.40 and 0.45mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 3: 1. The produced ferula denticulata can be sold as ornamental plants or potted plants.
The method mainly aims at the remediation of farmlands with light cadmium pollution and moderate cadmium pollution, the cadmium enrichment capacity of the castellated iron horn is utilized in the remediation process to absorb the effective cadmium in the farmlands, the cadmium is fixed by a chemical method of adding quicklime, the economic benefit of the land is kept, and the produced castellated iron horn can be sold as ornamental plants; by utilizing the planting period and the growth period of the medium cabbage, the ferox horn can be planted before the medium cabbage is planted for cadmium removal; the two sides of the soil are planted back and forth in a deep ploughing mode, and the soil is treated back and forth, so that the economic benefit of the farmland is guaranteed.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the concepts of the present invention are all within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for restoring cadmium-polluted dry farmland by using plant interplanting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the dry farmland polluted by cadmium is repaired by taking two years as a period, and economic benefits are generated simultaneously.
2. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated upland fields using plant interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first year comprises the steps of:
s1, in the early spring, shallow ploughing the farmland, and irrigating the farmland with water added with quicklime;
s2, planting fern horn ;
s3: growing seedlings of the cabbage in 5 months;
s4: pulling out the castellated iron angle in the field at the beginning of 6 months, and after pulling out the castellated iron angle , deep ploughing and raking the land;
s5: measuring the pH value of the farmland and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5;
s6: irrigating the land in the middle ten days of 6 months and putting compound fertilizer into the water inlet of the farmland;
s7: after water permeates into the ground and is dried for one to two days, transferring the cabbage seedlings into a farmland, and performing field management on the cabbages;
s8: after the cabbage is mature and sold, the root of the cabbage is taken out, and the castellated iron horn is planted again;
s9: when the autumn comes, the claw is pulled out.
3. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated upland fields using plant interplanting as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second year comprises the steps of:
a1: in the early spring season, deeply ploughing and harrowing the farmland;
a2: irrigating a farmland, and adding plant ash into a water inlet of the farmland to increase the fertility of soil;
a3: planting fern horns after the surface of the farmland is dried;
a4: growing seedlings of the cabbages in the May middle;
a5: the method comprises the following steps of (1) lifting out a claw iron angle in a field at the beginning of 6 months, and after lifting out a claw iron angle , shallow ploughing, loosening soil and raking the soil;
a6: irrigating the land in the middle ten days of 6 months and putting compound fertilizer into the water inlet of the farmland;
a7: after water seeps underground and is dried for one to two days, the cabbage seedlings are moved to a farmland, and the ferox caput-shaped corners and the cabbages are planted in the farmland and subjected to field management;
a8: after the cabbage is mature and sold, the cabbage roots are taken out;
a9: when the autumn comes, the claw is pulled out.
4. The method for remedying the cadmium-contaminated upland field by means of plant interplanting as claimed in claim 2 and claim 3, wherein the depth of said deep ploughing is 40 cm.
5. A method for remediating cadmium contaminated upland fields by means of plant interplanting as claimed in claim 2 and claim 3, wherein said shallow plowing has a depth of 10 to 20 cm.
6. The method for remedying the cadmium contaminated upland field by using the plant interplanting as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio of said intercropped fern horn to cabbage is 0:1 or 1:1 or 2:1 or 3:1, said ratio being determined according to the cadmium content in the soil in an effective state.
7. The method for remedying the cadmium contaminated upland field by using plant interplanting according to claim 6, wherein the method for determining the proportion of ferula sinensiformis brassica oleracea comprises:
b1: after shallow ploughing of the land, measuring the pH value in the land;
b2: if the pH is less than 6.5, adding ammonium phosphate during irrigation, and adjusting the pH to be between 6.5 and 7.5;
b3: if the pH value is more than 7.5, adding ammonium sulfate during irrigation, and adjusting the pH value to be between 6.5 and 7.5;
b4: after the pH value is adjusted, measuring the content of the available cadmium in the soil in the farmland;
b5: if the cadmium content is between 0.25 and 0.35mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 1: 1; if the cadmium content is lower than 0.25mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 0: 1; if the cadmium content is between 0.35 and 0.40mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 2: 1; if the cadmium content is between 0.40 and 0.45mg/kg, the interplanting proportion of the ferula tangutica and the cabbage is 3: 1.
8. The method for remediating cadmium contaminated upland fields using plant interplanting as claimed in claims 1 to 7, wherein the produced ferula sinensiformis can be sold as ornamental plants or potted plants.
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2020
- 2020-09-09 CN CN202010943173.2A patent/CN114226448A/en active Pending
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Application publication date: 20220325 |