CN114221840A - Ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in RAKE receiver - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver, which comprises the steps of carrying out correlation processing on received ADC sampling data by using a pulse matching filter and a local spread spectrum sequence to obtain despread synchronous header preamble symbol frame data; searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data; performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain a RAKE receiver tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information; and according to the multipath delay information, multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and physical service data unit frame signal data by the weight of each path tap, and then combining to obtain the compensated multipath signal data. The ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in the RAKE receiver can fully compensate fading caused by multipath effect and reduce the calculation complexity.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of ultra wide band, in particular to an ultra wide band sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver.
Background
Impulse Response Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) is a wireless communication technology that uses Ultra-short pulses with very low power spectral density as information carriers and can share spectrum resources with other communication systems. The pulse ultra-wideband is applied to an unlicensed frequency band between 3.1 and 10.6GHz, and the transmitting power is limited to be below-41.3 dBm/Mhz. The IR-UWB has the advantages of good concealment, high transmission rate, low power consumption, high positioning precision, strong multipath resistance, strong penetrating power, good safety and the like. Therefore, the IR-UWB can be applied to indoor accurate ranging and positioning, and is particularly advantageous in complex multipath environments.
Since the channel bandwidth is very wide and much larger than the coherence bandwidth of the wireless channel, the IR-UWB has severe frequency selective fading, and the signal energy is dispersed in several paths or even tens of paths due to the multipath effect. Because the IR-UWB radio adopts the narrow pulse with extremely low duty ratio to transmit data and basically has no interference among symbols, the RAKE receiver can estimate the parameters of the multipath channel model, and then adopts the diversity receiving technology of the RAKE receiver to combine each path of multipath signals to compensate the signal fading caused by the multipath effect, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.
The traditional RAKE receiver needs to know the multipath time delay, amplitude and phase information when merging, the number of merging paths with low complexity in engineering is four, the more the components of the merging paths are, the better the performance of the RAKE receiver is improved, but the more the paths are, the power consumption, the design resource and the design complexity are multiplied.
It is therefore desirable to provide a sparse channel estimation method that solves the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver, which can fully compensate fading caused by multipath effect and reduce the calculation complexity.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out correlation processing on the received ADC sampling data and a local spread spectrum sequence by using a pulse matching filter to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain a RAKE receiver tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information;
and according to the multipath delay information, multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and physical service data unit frame signal data by the weight of each path tap, and then combining to obtain the compensated multipath signal data.
Preferably, the correlating the received ADC sample data with the local spreading sequence using the pulse matched filter includes: and delaying the ADC sampling data by one period, and performing correlation processing on the delayed ADC sampling data and the optional local spreading sequence.
Preferably, the searching for the channel estimation window for the despread synchronization preamble symbol frame data comprises: and solving complex conjugate correlation of the despread synchronous preamble leading symbol frame data, and searching the central position of a peak value by comparing the magnitude of the complex conjugate correlated value.
Preferably, the performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain RAKE receiver tap weight coefficients and multipath delay information includes: and sorting the channel estimation taps with concentrated energy in the channel impulse response from large to small according to the energy, solving an accumulated value of the channel estimation energy, and multiplying the accumulated value by a preset threshold coefficient to obtain an energy threshold value.
Preferably, it is determined whether the channel estimation energy accumulation value is greater than an energy threshold value, if the channel estimation energy accumulation value is greater than the energy threshold value, a multipath channel estimation result is output, and if the channel estimation energy accumulation value is less than or equal to the energy threshold value, the channel estimation energy is continuously accumulated.
Preferably, the received ADC sample data is correlated with the local spreading sequence by using a pulse matching filter to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data, and the calculation is performed by the following formula:
wherein, suppose the local spreading sequence of user k is C, CjIndicates the jth bit, TpDenotes the pulse width, rk(t) denotes a signal received at the receiving end, NcTc/TpIndicates the total length of the C sequence.
Preferably, the signal r received by the receiving endk(t) is calculated by the following formula:
where M denotes the mth path, M is the total number of paths, γmRepresenting the amplitude attenuation coefficient of the mth path, n (t) representing additive white Gaussian noise, mean 0, variance σ2；
sk(t) represents a transmission preamble signal, calculated by the following equation:
wherein A isiRepresenting the amplitude of the transmitted preamble signal, the amplitude polarity being determined by the local spreading sequence C, and p (T) having a pulse width TpWith a pulse repetition period of TcSymbol transmission period is TfThe spread spectrum code length is NcAssuming a delay spread of TmThen there is Tf＞＞Tp。
Preferably, the energy threshold value is calculated by the following formula:
wherein alpha is an energy threshold factor, the alpha is less than 1, Ek,lFor multipath channel energy, said Ek,lCalculated by the following formula:
Ek,l＝(hls(l))2
wherein h isls(l) Is the impulse response function of the channel, hls(l) Calculated by the following formula:
hls(l)＝(CHC)-1CHzk(l)l＝(0,1,2,…,L-1)
wherein l represents the first root diameter, zk(l) The data of the synchronization preamble symbol frame after the first path despreading is shown, and C shows that the local spreading sequence of the user k is shown as.
Preferably, the channel estimation energy accumulation value is calculated by the following formula:
Dsparse＝argmin(∑Dsort[l]Ek,l(Dsort[l])>Theng)
wherein min (-) represents the minimum number of taps used to accumulate channel energy according to the sorted tap labels to make it greater than the threshold value, and matrix DsparseRepresenting the filtered non-zero tap label sequence, Ek,lFor multipath channel energy, ThengIs an energy threshold value, DsortRepresenting sequences ordered according to the magnitude of the multipath channel energy, said DsortCalculated by the following formula:
Dsort＝S(Ek,l(D[l]))
where S (-) represents a tag fetch operation on channel ordering.
Preferably, the RAKE receiver corresponding tap weight coefficients are calculated by the following formula:
ω(λ)＝hls(Dsparse[i])，i＝(0,1,…,length(Dsparse))
wherein λ represents the corresponding delay information for each multipath channel represented by each tap;
outputting the result of the current user k signal after maximum ratio combination of the RAKE receiver, and calculating by the following formula:
where τ denotes the minimum multipath resolving delay, which is related to the AD sampling rate and pulse width.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in the RAKE receiver of the embodiment of the invention obtains the data of the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame by using the pulse matching filter to carry out the correlation processing on the received ADC sampling data and the local spread spectrum sequence; searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data; performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain a RAKE receiver tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information; and according to the multipath delay information, multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and physical service data unit frame signal data by the weight of each path tap, and then combining to obtain compensated multipath signal data, so that fading caused by multipath effect can be fully compensated, and the calculation complexity is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings required for describing the embodiments or the prior art, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. For a person skilled in the art, other figures can also be obtained from these figures without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for using an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with specific examples. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
Based on the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver, which can fully compensate fading caused by multipath effect and reduce the calculation complexity.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring now to fig. 1, a method for ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver, comprising the steps of:
step S101: carrying out correlation processing on the received ADC sampling data and a local spread spectrum sequence by using a pulse matching filter to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
step S102: searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
step S103: performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain a RAKE receiver tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information;
step S104: and according to the multipath delay information, multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and physical service data unit frame signal data by the weight of each path tap, and then combining to obtain the compensated multipath signal data.
In a specific implementation, for each RAKE receiver path, not only the amplitude information of the path is compensated, but also the phase estimation information of the channel is phase compensated for the received signal. The combining paths of the RAKE receiver are preferably P-rooted, P being much smaller than the channel estimation window size L in order to reduce computational complexity.
In a specific implementation, the correlating the received ADC sample data with the local spreading sequence using the pulse matched filter includes: and delaying the ADC sampling data by one period, and performing correlation processing on the delayed ADC sampling data and the optional local spreading sequence.
In a specific implementation, the searching for the channel estimation window for the despread synchronization preamble symbol frame data includes: and solving complex conjugate correlation of the despread synchronous preamble leading symbol frame data, and searching the central position of a peak value by comparing the magnitude of the complex conjugate correlated value.
In a specific implementation, the performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain RAKE receiver tap weight coefficients and multipath delay information includes: and sorting the channel estimation taps with concentrated energy in the channel impulse response from large to small according to the energy, solving an accumulated value of the channel estimation energy, and multiplying the accumulated value by a preset threshold coefficient to obtain an energy threshold value. Specifically, several taps with concentrated energy in the channel impulse response are defined as non-zero taps to be screened, and the zero taps or the non-zero taps with smaller energy are rejected because the non-zero taps have small influence on the channel. The multipath delay information refers to a tap tag number. The maximum output number of the non-zero taps is limited to N, the value of N is smaller than the size L of a channel estimation window, and the rest taps are set to be zero after screening is finished.
In specific implementation, whether the channel estimation energy accumulation value is larger than an energy threshold value or not is judged, if the channel estimation energy accumulation value is larger than the energy threshold value, a multipath channel estimation result is output, and if the channel estimation energy accumulation value is smaller than or equal to the energy threshold value, the channel estimation energy is continuously accumulated.
In a specific implementation, the received ADC sample data is correlated with a local spreading sequence using a pulse matching filter to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data, and the calculation is performed according to the following formula:
wherein, suppose the local spreading sequence of user k is C, CjIndicates the jth bit, TpDenotes the pulse width, rk(t) denotes a signal received at the receiving end, NcTc/TpIndicates the total length of the C sequence.
In the specific implementation, after the transmitting signal is delayed, attenuated and distorted by the multipath channel, the signal r received by the receiving endk(t) calculated by the following formula:
where M denotes the mth path, M is the total number of paths, γmRepresenting the amplitude attenuation coefficient of the mth path, n (t) representing additive white Gaussian noise, mean 0, variance σ2；
sk(t) represents the transmission preamble signal, which is formed by the spreading code sequence code through the very short and narrow pulse modulation, and is calculated by the following formula:
wherein A isiRepresenting the amplitude of the transmitted preamble signal, the amplitude polarity being determined by the local spreading sequence C, and p (T) having a pulse width TpWith a pulse repetition period of TcSymbol transmission period is TfThe spread spectrum code length is NcAssuming a delay spread of TmThen there is Tf＞＞Tp. Due to Tf＞＞TpAnd thus its intersymbol interference is negligible.
In a specific implementation, the energy threshold is calculated by the following formula:
wherein alpha is an energy threshold factor, the alpha is less than 1, Ek,lFor multipath channel energy, said Ek,lCalculated by the following formula:
Ek,l＝(hls(l))2
wherein h isls(l) Is the impulse response function of the channel, hls(l) Calculated by the following formula:
hls(l)＝(CHC)-1CHzk(l) l＝(0,1,2,…,L-1)
wherein l represents the first root diameter, zk(l) The data of the synchronization preamble symbol frame after the first path despreading is shown, and C shows that the local spreading sequence of the user k is shown as.
In a specific implementation, the channel estimation energy accumulation value is calculated by the following formula:
Dsparse＝argmin(∑Dsort[l]Ek,l(Dsort[l])>Theng)
wherein min (-) represents the minimum number of taps used to accumulate channel energy according to the sorted tap labels to make it greater than the threshold value, and matrix DsparseRepresenting the filtered non-zero tap label sequence, Ek,lFor multipath channel energy, ThengIs an energy threshold value, DsortRepresenting sequences ordered according to the magnitude of the multipath channel energy, said DsortCalculated by the following formula:
Dsort＝S(Ek,l(D[l]))
where S (-) represents a tag fetch operation on channel ordering.
In a specific implementation, the RAKE receiver corresponding tap weight coefficients are calculated by the following formula:
ω(λ)＝hls(Dsparse[i])，i＝(0,1,…,length(Dsparse))
wherein λ represents the corresponding delay information for each multipath channel represented by each tap;
outputting the result of the current user k signal after maximum ratio combination of the RAKE receiver, and calculating by the following formula:
where τ represents the minimum multipath resolving delay, which is related to the ADC sampling rate and pulse width.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus for using an ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation method in a RAKE receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring now to fig. 2, ADC sampling data 7 is input to a data selection module 10, the data selection module MUX _ L _ N selects N points from L sampling points to combine multipath signal data, RAKE receiver tap coefficients 8 are weight coefficient values estimated from sparse channels, and output to a plurality of multiplier modules 9, where the multiplication is performed with data output by the data selection module 10, and the multiplication is performed between tap coefficients of the same multipath channel and input signal data one by one according to multipath delay information, so that each RAKE receiver path is output to a multipath combining module 11, and the multipath combining module 11 combines multipath channel data of all RAKE paths to obtain compensated multipath signal data.
In summary, in the method for estimating an ultra-wideband sparse channel in a RAKE receiver according to the embodiment of the present invention, correlation processing is performed on received ADC sample data using a pulse matching filter and a local spreading sequence, so as to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data; searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data; performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain a RAKE receiver tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information; and according to the multipath delay information, multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and physical service data unit frame signal data by the weight of each path tap, and then combining to obtain compensated multipath signal data, so that fading caused by multipath effect can be fully compensated, and the calculation complexity is reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for estimating ultra-wideband sparse channel in RAKE receiver is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out correlation processing on the received ADC sampling data and a local spread spectrum sequence by using a pulse matching filter to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
searching a channel estimation window for the despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data;
performing sparse channel estimation on the data in the channel estimation window to obtain a RAKE receiver tap weight coefficient and multipath delay information;
and according to the multipath delay information, multiplying the received ultra-wideband physical header and physical service data unit frame signal data by the weight of each path tap, and then combining to obtain the compensated multipath signal data.
2. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 1, wherein said correlating the received ADC sample data with a local spreading sequence using an impulse matched filter comprises: and delaying the ADC sampling data by one period, and performing correlation processing on the delayed ADC sampling data and the optional local spreading sequence.
3. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 1, wherein said searching the despread sync preamble symbol frame data for a channel estimation window comprises: and solving complex conjugate correlation of the despread synchronous preamble leading symbol frame data, and searching the central position of a peak value by comparing the magnitude of the complex conjugate correlated value.
4. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver according to claim 1, wherein said performing sparse channel estimation on data within said channel estimation window to obtain RAKE receiver tap weight coefficients and multipath delay information comprises: and sorting the channel estimation taps with concentrated energy in the channel impulse response from large to small according to the energy, solving an accumulated value of the channel estimation energy, and multiplying the accumulated value by a preset threshold coefficient to obtain an energy threshold value.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method determines whether the channel estimation energy accumulation value is greater than an energy threshold value, and outputs a multipath channel estimation result if the channel estimation energy accumulation value is greater than the energy threshold value, and continues accumulating the channel estimation energy if the channel estimation energy accumulation value is less than or equal to the energy threshold value.
6. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver as claimed in claim 5, wherein said received ADC sample data is correlated with a local spreading sequence using a pulse-matched filter to obtain despread synchronous preamble symbol frame data, and calculated by the following formula:
wherein, suppose the local spreading sequence of user k is C, CjIndicates the jth bit, TpDenotes the pulse width, rk(t) denotes a signal received at the receiving end, NcTc/TpIndicates the total length of the C sequence.
7. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver as claimed in claim 6, further comprisingCharacterized in that the signal r received by the receiving endk(t) is calculated by the following formula:
where M denotes the mth path, M is the total number of paths, γmRepresenting the amplitude attenuation coefficient of the mth path, n (t) representing additive white Gaussian noise, mean 0, variance σ2；
sk(t) represents a transmission preamble signal, calculated by the following equation:
wherein A isiRepresenting the amplitude of the transmitted preamble signal, the amplitude polarity being determined by the local spreading sequence C, and p (T) having a pulse width TpWith a pulse repetition period of TcSymbol transmission period is TfThe spread spectrum code length is NcAssuming a delay spread of TmThen there is Tf＞＞Tp。
8. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 6, wherein said energy threshold value is calculated by the following formula:
wherein alpha is an energy threshold factor, the alpha is less than 1, Ek,lFor multipath channel energy, said Ek,lCalculated by the following formula:
Ek,l＝(hls(l))2
wherein h isls(l) Is the impulse response function of the channel, hls(l) Calculated by the following formula:
hls(l)＝(CHC)-1CHzk(l)l＝(0,1,2,…,L-1)
wherein l represents the first root diameter, zk(l) The data of the synchronization preamble symbol frame after the first path despreading is shown, and C shows that the local spreading sequence of the user k is shown as.
9. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 8, wherein the channel estimate energy accumulation value is calculated by the following formula:
Dsparse＝argmin(∑Dsort[l]Ek,l(Dsort[l])>Theng)
wherein min (-) represents the minimum number of taps used to accumulate channel energy according to the sorted tap labels to make it greater than the threshold value, and matrix DsparseRepresenting the filtered non-zero tap label sequence, Ek,lFor multipath channel energy, ThengIs an energy threshold value, DsortRepresenting sequences ordered according to the magnitude of the multipath channel energy, said DsortCalculated by the following formula:
Dsort＝S(Ek,l(D[l]))
where S (-) represents a tag fetch operation on channel ordering.
10. The method of ultra-wideband sparse channel estimation in a RAKE receiver of claim 9, wherein the RAKE receiver corresponding tap weight coefficients are calculated by the following formula:
ω(λ)＝hls(Dsparse[i])，i＝(0,1,…,length(Dsparse))
wherein λ represents the corresponding delay information for each multipath channel represented by each tap;
outputting the result of the current user k signal after maximum ratio combination of the RAKE receiver, and calculating by the following formula:
where τ denotes the minimum multipath resolving delay, which is related to the AD sampling rate and pulse width.
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| CN107154813A (en) * | 2016-03-06 | 2017-09-12 | 南京理工大学 | Adaptive Rake receivers and method of reseptance |
| CN113346968A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-09-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multipath time delay estimation method based on Lasso problem |
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