CN114221611A - 一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板 - Google Patents

一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板 Download PDF

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CN114221611A
CN114221611A CN202111538092.5A CN202111538092A CN114221611A CN 114221611 A CN114221611 A CN 114221611A CN 202111538092 A CN202111538092 A CN 202111538092A CN 114221611 A CN114221611 A CN 114221611A
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黄秀军
徐红艳
石德乐
丰大强
王凯明
杜丙川
周洪文
孟昊博
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Shandong Institute of Space Electronic Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于激光无线能量传输技术领域，涉及一种适用于激光无线能量传输***中光电接收子***中的智能可重构光电池板。包括步骤，构建光电池阵列、构建智能可重构激光电池板、构建智能可重构控制算法。采用非传统固定式光电池布设构型，使智能激光电池板在实际激光无线能量传输应用过程中，能够结合实际照射光斑能量分布进行适度构型重构，对获得最佳的稳定电功率输出具有重要的实际意义。采用光电池阵列与智能控制处理单元一体化设计的方案，减小了激光能量接收端光电池板，由于光束抖动与光斑偏移造成光电转换效率下降的影响，对提高光电池板阵列整体光电转换效率具有实际意义。

Description

一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板
技术领域
本发明属于激光无线能量传输技术领域，涉及一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板。
背景技术
激光无线能量传输技术以高能量激光束作为能量载体，经准直光学***发射，在远端利用激光电池阵列将光能转化成电能，实现远距离无线能量传输供给的技术。
激光无线能量传输***与太阳能发电***的不同之处在于：(1)太阳能发电***以太阳光作为能源，具有光强分布均匀的特点，而激光无线能量传输***以激光作为媒介，在远处接收到的光束光强分布会受到发射端、传输介质 (空气)、接收端的影响而产生光束抖动及光斑偏移等现象，从而造成光电池板接收光强分布不均匀；(2)太阳能光电池接收阵列因接收的光谱段主要为可见光波段，光电池阵列主要由光伏电池组成，而激光无线能量传输***光电池接收阵列则由能够响应激光波段的光电池组成。
因为工艺和材料自身性能的缘故，激光电池不可能像光伏电池那样做得非常大，这就需要将单片激光电池采用串并联结构组成阵列，即将整个光电池阵列划分成若干个支路并联，每个支路又由多片光电池串联组成。由于激光光斑能量分布不均匀的特性，光电池阵列的每一片光电池的特性参数均不一致，设计之初，只能根据理论仿真结果与设计经验进行光电池阵列串并联构型与布局设计。这就造成激光无线能量传输***接收端子***光电池阵列一旦封装设计完成便不能改变光电池阵列的串并联结构，从而也就不能够使我们在光强分布不均情况下，得到最优的光电转换效率和最佳的输出电功率。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中提到的缺陷，本发明展示了一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板。
为实现上述目的，现提供技术方案如下：
一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板，包括：
步骤一、构建光电池阵列，所述光电池阵列包括光电池片、传感器、信标灯、PCB基板和结构框；
步骤二、构建智能可重构激光电池板，包括光电池板阵列、数据采集模块、开关矩阵和智能处理控制器，数据采集模块负责采集光电池阵列的光电池片和传感器的电压、电流信号，并将采集到的电池片和传感器的电压、电流信号传送给智能处理控制器进行处理；开关矩阵主要是根据智能处理控制器的控制指令完成光电池阵列的重组；智能处理控制器通过采集模块采集的光电池阵列数据(光电池电压、电流与传感器信息)进行分析，利用阵列重构算法给出光电池阵列的串并联配置方案；
步骤三、计算到靶激光电池板光强分布；
步骤四、构建智能可重构控制算法。
进一步的，所述步骤一中，光电池阵列由m×n片组成为圆形或方形，光电池进行标号为b11、b12、…bmn，传感器按照相同的规则进行标号为S1、 S2、…Si。
进一步的，根据光电池的等效电路，由基尔霍夫定律可得光电池满足关系式(1)，其中I0二极管饱和电流，I为激光电池输出电流，U为激光电池输出电压，q为电子电荷常数，K为玻尔兹曼常数，A为二极管特性因子，T为热力学温度，Rs、Rp分别表示光电池等效串联和并联电阻：
Figure BDA0003413166740000031
式中Iph为光电池的光生电流，由光照和温度决定：
Figure BDA0003413166740000032
其中Voc是光电池的开路电压，α是光电池二极管特性因子；
由于光电池的光生电流值正比于入射光的光照强度，设β为光照强度与光
生电流间的比例常数，光电池的光照强度P为：
Figure BDA0003413166740000033
从(3)式中可看出光电池的电压电流值反映了光电池所受光照射的光照强度；
采用波长为808nm的半导体激光器，经过发射光学***准直扩束后照射光电池板，通过数据采集模块采集光电池阵列的输出电压、电流为：
Figure BDA0003413166740000034
光电传感器输出电流为(IS1,IS2,IS3…IS25)，由公式(3)得到光电池板对应光电池阵列的光照强度为
Figure BDA0003413166740000041
同时，也可以利用光电传感器的输出电流分布，通过反演算法得到光电池板的光强分布情况，经过多次采集取平均值
Figure BDA0003413166740000042
根据光电池阵列光照强度分布与光电传感器的电流分布，通过反演可以得到光电池板辐照光斑的能量分布。
进一步的，构建基于神经网络模型的重构算法，首先对光电池板阵列组件的工作电压、工作电流等信息进行数据采集，利用步骤三计算得到照射光电池板的光强分布情况，并将其作为光强分布容差模型的输入，经过模型的误差分析判断，输出判别结果。进而提高光电池板光强分布判别的准确性，减少光电池阵列重构时开关调整的次数，给出光电池阵列最佳的配置方案。
本发明的有益效果：
1、采用非传统固定式光电池布设构型，使智能激光电池板在实际激光无线能量传输应用过程中，能够结合实际照射光斑能量分布进行适度构型重构，对获得最佳的稳定电功率输出具有重要的实际意义。
2、采用光电池阵列与智能控制处理单元一体化设计的方案，减小了激光能量接收端光电池板，由于光束抖动与光斑偏移造成光电转换效率下降的影响，对提高光电池板阵列整体光电转换效率具有实际意义。
3、本发明也可作为激光无线能量传输***接收端能量接收与到靶光斑能量分布的测量，对远场大功率激光光强分布进行评价。
附图说明
图1是本发明的激光光电池阵列组成图；
图2是本发明的激光光电池阵列开关矩阵结构图；
图3是本发明的智能可重构激光电池板组成框图；
图4是本发明的重构算法设计流程图；
其中：1、结构框；2、PCB基板；3、光电池片；4、传感器；5、信标灯。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更加清楚和明确本发明技术方案，下面结合附图对本发明技术方案进行详细描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板，包括：
步骤一、构建光电池阵列，如图1所示，所述光电池阵列包括光电池片3、传感器4、信标灯5、PCB基板2和结构框1；其中光电池片3选用对应激光波长响应的激光电池片3(800nm波段GaAs、1064nm波段InGaAs)，光电池阵列由24片封装完成的单片光电池组成。传感器4包括光电探测器和温度传感器4，光电探测器选用PIN光电二极管，进行到靶激光探测；温度传感器4选用热敏电阻传感器4，进行光电池板的温度监测。信标灯5选用808nm波段LD，作为激光无线能量传输***发射端目标的识别与跟踪指示光。
所述步骤一中，光电池阵列由m×n片组成为圆形或方形，光电池进行标号为b11、b12、…bmn，传感器4按照相同的规则进行标号为S1、S2、…Si。
光电池片4×6(24片)通过PCB基板2组成近似圆形分布的光电池阵列(阵列构型不限圆形、方形等)，光电池片3通过开关矩阵进行互连如图2 所示，光电传感器4布设个数可以灵活设定(尽量能够反映到靶光斑光强分布)，本例光电传感器4布设25个，具体布设方式如图1所示。
步骤二、构建智能可重构激光电池板，如图3所示，包括光电池板阵列、数据采集模块、开关矩阵和智能处理控制器，数据采集模块负责采集光电池阵列的光电池片3和传感器4的电压、电流信号，并将采集到的电池片和传感器 4的电压、电流信号传送给智能处理控制器进行处理；开关矩阵主要是根据智能处理控制器的控制指令完成光电池阵列的重组；智能处理控制器通过采集模块采集的光电池阵列数据(光电池电压、电流与传感器4信息)进行分析，利用阵列重构算法给出光电池阵列的串并联配置方案；
步骤三、计算到靶激光电池板光强分布；
根据光电池的等效电路，由基尔霍夫定律可得光电池满足关系式(1)，其中I0二极管饱和电流，I为激光电池输出电流，U为激光电池输出电压，q 为电子电荷常数，K为玻尔兹曼常数，A为二极管特性因子，T为热力学温度， Rs、Rp分别表示光电池等效串联和并联电阻：
Figure BDA0003413166740000061
式中Iph为光电池的光生电流，由光照和温度决定：
Figure BDA0003413166740000062
其中Voc是光电池的开路电压，α是光电池二极管特性因子；
由于光电池的光生电流值正比于入射光的光照强度，设β为光照强度与光
生电流间的比例常数，光电池的光照强度P为：
Figure BDA0003413166740000071
从(3)式中可看出光电池的电压电流值反映了光电池所受光照射的光照强度；
采用波长为808nm的半导体激光器，经过发射光学***准直扩束后照射光电池板，通过数据采集模块采集光电池阵列的输出电压、电流为：
Figure BDA0003413166740000072
光电传感器4输出电流为(IS1,IS2,IS3…IS25)，由公式(3)得到光电池板对应光电池阵列的光照强度为
Figure BDA0003413166740000073
同时，也可以利用光电传感器4的输出电流分布，通过反演算法得到光电池板的光强分布情况，经过多次采集取平均值
Figure BDA0003413166740000074
根据光电池阵列光照强度分布与光电传感器4的电流分布，通过反演可以得到光电池板辐照光斑的能量分布。
步骤四、构建智能可重构控制算法。为减少光电池阵列重构时开关调整的次数，采用优化改进的BP神经网络模型，构建基于神经网络模型的重构算法，算法流程如图4所示。首先对光电池板阵列组件的工作电压、工作电流等信息进行数据采集，利用步骤三计算得到照射光电池板的光强分布情况，并将其作为光强分布容差模型的输入，经过模型的误差分析判断，输出判别结果。本实施例中，将光电池板阵列按照光照强度分成四个区域，得到一个4*6的矩阵
Figure BDA0003413166740000081
即将光电池板阵列按照4串并联，每1串由6片电池片串联的方案进行配置。
以上所述，仅是本发明的最佳实施例而已，并非对本发明的任何形式的限制，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下利用上述揭示的方法和内容对本发明做出的许多可能的变动和修饰，均属于权利要求书保护的范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板，其特征在于，包括：
步骤一、构建光电池阵列，所述光电池阵列包括光电池片、传感器、信标灯、PCB基板和结构框；
步骤二、构建智能可重构激光电池板，包括光电池板阵列、数据采集模块、开关矩阵和智能处理控制器，数据采集模块负责采集光电池阵列的光电池片和传感器的电压、电流信号，并将采集到的电池片和传感器的电压、电流信号传送给智能处理控制器进行处理；开关矩阵主要是根据智能处理控制器的控制指令完成光电池阵列的重组；智能处理控制器通过采集模块采集的光电池阵列数据进行分析，利用阵列重构算法给出光电池阵列的串并联配置方案；
步骤三、计算到靶激光电池板光强分布；
步骤四、构建智能可重构控制算法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板，其特征在于，所述步骤一中，光电池阵列由m×n片组成为圆形或方形，光电池进行标号为b11、b12、…bmn，传感器按照相同的规则进行标号为S1、S2、…Si。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板，其特征在于，步骤三中，根据光电池的等效电路，由基尔霍夫定律可得光电池满足关系式(1)，其中I0二极管饱和电流，I为激光电池输出电流，U为激光电池输出电压，q为电子电荷常数，K为玻尔兹曼常数，A为二极管特性因子，T为热力学温度，Rs、Rp分别表示光电池等效串联和并联电阻：
Figure FDA0003413166730000021
式中Iph为光电池的光生电流，由光照和温度决定：
Figure FDA0003413166730000022
其中Voc是光电池的开路电压，α是光电池二极管特性因子；
由于光电池的光生电流值正比于入射光的光照强度，设β为光照强度与光生电流间的比例常数，光电池的光照强度P为：
Figure FDA0003413166730000023
从(3)式中可看出光电池的电压电流值反映了光电池所受光照射的光照强度；
采用波长为808nm的半导体激光器，经过发射光学***准直扩束后照射光电池板，通过数据采集模块采集光电池阵列的输出电压、电流为：
Figure FDA0003413166730000024
光电传感器输出电流为(IS1,IS2,IS3…IS25)，由公式(3)得到光电池板对应光电池阵列的光照强度为
Figure FDA0003413166730000025
经过多次采集取平均值
Figure FDA0003413166730000031
根据光电池阵列光照强度分布与光电传感器的电流分布，通过反演可以得到光电池板辐照光斑的能量分布。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种适用于激光无线能量传输的智能可重构光电池板，其特征在于，步骤四中，首先对光电池板阵列组件的工作电压、工作电流的信息进行数据采集，利用步骤三计算得到照射光电池板的光强分布情况，并将其作为光强分布容差模型的输入，经过模型的误差分析判断，输出判别结果，给出光电池阵列最佳的配置方案。
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