CN114221381A - Simplified modeling method for new energy power supply - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a simplified modeling method for a new energy power supply, which can realize the internal fault simulation of a power distribution network, improve the accuracy and the reliability of a model, reduce the error of the model, is not controlled by the type of the new energy power supply, and has good universality and wide application range. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a fault voltage amplitude when a power distribution network connected with new energy fails; acquiring an external characteristic index corresponding to a response curve of a control system when the power distribution network fails; carrying out curve fitting on the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index; establishing a fault current expression model according to the external characteristic indexes; and establishing a voltage-controlled current source model between the fault voltage amplitude and the fault current expression model based on the fitting result of the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index, and obtaining a simplified model of the new energy power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of relay protection of a power distribution network, in particular to a simplified modeling method of a new energy power supply.
Background
With more and more new energy engineering investments, the damage caused by faults is more serious due to the increase of the capacity of new energy power generation, and the relay protection research of the new energy connected to a power distribution network becomes one of the hot research directions in recent years. The research of relay protection is not separated from modeling simulation, and the large-scale new energy power supply has the technical problem that the high-efficiency simulation cannot be realized due to the complex topological structure and the control characteristic, so that the research of relay protection of the new energy access power distribution network is influenced. Therefore, the simplified new energy power supply model is established, and the method has important theoretical significance and practical value for relay protection research of new energy access distribution networks.
At present, the modeling method for the new energy after being connected to the power distribution network at home and abroad mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) the method takes factors such as normal operation working conditions, controller response characteristics, rotor protection actions and the like which influence the DFIG electromagnetic transient characteristics into consideration, and can carry out coherent cluster division on a large-capacity doubly-fed induction wind turbine cluster, but a clear definition is not set for cluster threshold selection in the method, the cluster principle depends on empirical estimation, the requirement on experience is high, and the error is large;
(2) the influence of a wind power plant on a large power grid is considered, the dynamic action of an outlet is concerned, the equivalent wind field of an internal structure is neglected from the characteristics of the outlet, and the method has a certain effect, but the Prony algorithm adopted by the method has a large order, the equivalent waveform is stray, and the fitting precision is not high enough;
(3) an equivalent simplified model is established for a doubly-fed wind turbine generator controlled by power decoupling, but the method is not completely separated from the influence of a control strategy, and model parameters do not fully consider the characteristics outside the system and have certain errors.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a simplified modeling method for a new energy power supply, which can realize the internal fault simulation of a power distribution network, improve the accuracy and the reliability of a model, reduce the error of the model, is not controlled by the type of the new energy power supply, and has good universality and wide application range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a simplified modeling method for a new energy power supply comprises the following steps,
acquiring a fault voltage amplitude value when a power distribution network accessed with new energy fails;
acquiring an external characteristic index corresponding to a response curve of a control system when the power distribution network fails;
carrying out curve fitting on the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index;
establishing a fault current expression model according to the external characteristic indexes;
and establishing a voltage-controlled current source model between the fault voltage amplitude and the fault current expression model based on the fitting result of the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index, and obtaining a simplified model of the new energy power supply.
Preferably, the obtaining of the fault voltage amplitude when the power distribution network accessing the new energy is in fault comprises,
different voltage drop signals are acquired by changing the size of the transition resistor at the position where the new energy is connected to the power distribution network, and corresponding fault voltage amplitude values are obtained through conversion according to the different voltage drop signals.
Preferably, the external characteristic indicators include rise time, peak time, ringing period and new steady state response.
Preferably, the obtaining of the external characteristic index corresponding to the response curve of the control system when the power distribution network fails includes obtaining external characteristic index values corresponding to fault current effective values under different fault voltage amplitudes;
and acquiring external characteristic index values corresponding to the voltage-current phase difference after the fault under different fault voltage amplitudes.
Preferably, the expression of the effective values of the fault currents at different fault voltage amplitudes is,
wherein t is a time independent variable, t0For the disturbance moment, UgTo the fault voltage amplitude, I0Is the effective value of the primary current, I (U)gT) is the effective value of the new current, KiIs a coefficient of the decaying periodic component of the current, alphaiIs the attenuation coefficient of the current, omegadiDamping the angular frequency of oscillation, theta, of the current0Is the initial phase of the decaying periodic component.
Preferably, the expression of the post-fault voltage-current phase difference at the different fault voltage amplitudes is,
wherein t is a time independent variable, t0For the disturbance moment, UgTo the fault voltage amplitude, θ0(Ug) For voltage-current phase difference, theta (U)gT) voltage-current phase difference after fault, KθCoefficient of decay periodic component of phase difference, alphaθAttenuation coefficient of phase difference, ωdθDamping oscillation angular frequency, theta, of phase difference0Is the initial phase of the decaying periodic component.
Preferably, the damping periodic component coefficient, the damping oscillation angular frequency and the damping periodic component initial phase are obtained by calculation according to the obtained external characteristic index.
Preferably, the mode of accessing the new energy into the power distribution network comprises,
off-grid power storage, grid-connected power generation or a combination of off-grid power storage and grid-connected power generation.
Preferably, the new energy source adopts a wind generating set or a photovoltaic generating set.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a simplified modeling method of a new energy power supply, which adopts a modeling thought of test analysis and a simplified modeling thought based on experimental data, ignores complex framework and control information in the power supply and input fluctuation of new energy, and regards the new energy as a single-port black box model. Meanwhile, the external characteristic index of the system is correspondingly obtained by means of response of the control system, and curve simulation is carried out between the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index obtained according to experimental data so as to further describe the fault current expression, so that the modeling error is reduced, meanwhile, the relation between the fault voltage amplitude and the fault current expression is established by using a voltage drop test data sample, and the relation between the port fault voltage and the fault current value is obtained, so that a new energy power supply model is equivalent to a voltage-controlled current source, and the problems that the modeling simulation is difficult due to the complex structure of the new energy, and the data base cannot be provided for relay protection research of the new energy accessed to the power distribution network are effectively solved. Compared with the equivalent modeling idea, the modeling method provided by the invention does not depend on the topological structure of the unit and the control parameter information, can realize internal fault simulation, and has higher accuracy and reliability of the model; compared with a mechanism analysis method, the method has the advantages that the model error is smaller, the control of the new energy power supply type is avoided, and the universality and the applicability are higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a modeling method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the modeling method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the steps of an implementation of the modeling method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a model structure diagram in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a comparison of current results in the examples of the present invention;
fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of an error result in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the simplified modeling method for a new energy power supply of the invention comprises the following steps,
acquiring a fault voltage amplitude value when a power distribution network accessed with new energy fails;
acquiring an external characteristic index corresponding to a response curve of a control system when the power distribution network fails;
carrying out curve fitting on the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index;
establishing a fault current expression model according to the external characteristic indexes;
and establishing a voltage-controlled current source model between the fault voltage amplitude and the fault current expression model based on the fitting result of the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index, and obtaining a simplified model of the new energy power supply.
The invention provides a simplified modeling method of a new energy power supply, which adopts a modeling thought of test analysis and a simplified modeling thought based on experimental data, ignores complex framework and control information in the power supply and input fluctuation of new energy, and regards the new energy as a single-port black box model. Meanwhile, the external characteristic index of the system is correspondingly obtained by means of response of the control system, and curve simulation is carried out between the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index obtained according to experimental data so as to further describe the fault current expression, so that the modeling error is reduced, meanwhile, the relation between the fault voltage amplitude and the fault current expression is established by using a voltage drop test data sample, and the relation between the port fault voltage and the fault current value is obtained, so that a new energy power supply model is equivalent to a voltage-controlled current source, and the problems that the modeling simulation is difficult due to the complex structure of the new energy, and the data base cannot be provided for relay protection research of the new energy accessed to the power distribution network are effectively solved. Compared with the equivalent modeling idea, the modeling method provided by the invention does not depend on the topological structure of the unit and the control parameter information, can realize internal fault simulation, and has higher accuracy and reliability of the model; compared with a mechanism analysis method, the method has the advantages that the model error is smaller, the control of the new energy power supply type is avoided, and the universality and the applicability are higher.
Further, the mode of accessing the new energy into the power distribution network comprises,
off-grid power storage, grid-connected power generation or a combination of off-grid power storage and grid-connected power generation.
Further, the new energy source adopts a wind generating set or a photovoltaic generating set.
In the specific implementation process of the modeling method provided by the invention, a modeling thought of a test analysis method is adopted, as shown in fig. 2, based on fault sample data, an approximate mapping relation between a fault voltage amplitude and a fault current is obtained by means of numerical fitting, so as to establish a simplified model of a voltage-controlled current source, as shown in fig. 3 specifically, the method comprises the following steps,
step 1: acquiring a fault voltage amplitude U according to the voltage drop signal received by the convertergData;
step 2: according to the method, when a power grid fails, a control system response curve of the double-fed wind generating set obtains a corresponding external characteristic index w including rise time trTime of peak tpPeriod of damped oscillation TdAnd new steady state response A1。
And step 3: determining the out-of-curve characteristic index w and the fault voltage amplitude U by numerical fittinggThe fitting curve expression is shown as formula (1):
w＝w(Ug) (1)
and 4, step 4: the relevant content of the control theory can be obtained, the system obtains a closed loop function y (t) at a static working point, and an expression of a fault current effective value and a fault voltage current phase difference is established, wherein the expression is shown in a formula (2):
wherein t is time and represents self-variationAmount, t0For the disturbance moment, A0,A1Respectively an original steady-state response and a new steady-state response, K is an attenuation period component coefficient, alpha is an attenuation coefficient, and omega isdTo damp the angular frequency of oscillation, theta0Is the initial phase of the decaying periodic component.
The above parameters can be obtained according to the external characteristic index obtained in step 2, as shown in formula (3):
and 5: the fault voltage amplitude is linked to the fault current effective value based on the external characteristic indicator.
In particular, it is assumed that the expression of the fault current virtual value function i (t) contains n parameters a1,a2,...,an，
The expression of the fault current phase function theta (t) contains m parameters b1,b2,...,bm，
Then both can be represented as Ia1,a2,...,an](t) and θ [ b ]1,b2,...,bm](t)；
Then parameter ai I 1.. n and bjJ ═ 1.. said, m represents as shown in formula (4):
the expressions of I (t) and theta (t) are shown in formula (5):
i.e. fault current igThe expression of (t) is shown in formula (6):
wherein f isiAnd the frequency offset is the frequency offset after the double-fed unit fails.
Step 6: establishing a pressure-controlled flow source simplified model of the doubly-fed unit, as shown in fig. 2, wherein an expression of the model is shown as formula (7):
wherein ia(t),ib(t),ic(t) A, B, C three-phase current under normal conditions, ia(t-tg),ib(t-tg),ic(t-tg) A, B, C three-phase current under fault condition, tgA symmetric metallic short-circuit fault, U, occurs at a timegFor the fault voltage amplitude, f is the power frequency, which is set to 50Hz in this embodiment.
Examples
And (3) establishing a wind turbine grid-connected detailed model as shown in figure 4, wherein system parameters are taken from an exemplary project.
The lengths of the 4 distribution lines are respectively as follows: lAB＝4.5km、lBC＝5.7km、lCD＝5.8km、lAE9.8km, and the line parameter x is 0.335 Ω/km; r is 0.169 Ω/km, D in fig. 4iIn order to protect the installation point, the voltage frequency is 50Hz, the initial phase of the phase voltage A is 30 degrees, and the effective value of the current is 0.575kA in normal operation.
In this embodiment, the obtaining of the fault voltage amplitude when the power distribution network connected with the new energy has a fault includes,
different voltage drop signals are acquired by changing the size of the transition resistor at the position where the new energy is connected to the power distribution network, and corresponding fault voltage amplitude values are obtained through conversion according to the different voltage drop signals.
Further, the obtaining of the external characteristic index corresponding to the response curve of the control system during the power distribution network fault comprises,
acquiring external characteristic index values corresponding to fault current effective values under different fault voltage amplitudes;
and acquiring external characteristic index values corresponding to the voltage-current phase difference after the fault under different fault voltage amplitudes.
Step 1: taking the three-phase short-circuit fault arranged at the position where the fan is connected to the distribution line as an example, the fault voltage drop degree is changed by changing the size of the transition resistance, so that external characteristic index values corresponding to different voltage drop data, a current effective value and a voltage current phase difference shown in tables 1 and 2 are respectively obtained.
TABLE 1 external characteristic index corresponding to voltage droop and current effective value
TABLE 2 external characteristic indexes corresponding to voltage sag and voltage-current phase difference
Step 2: and (3) performing curve fitting on the external characteristic index value corresponding to the voltage drop data and the current effective value, wherein the expression is shown as a formula (8):
and performing curve fitting on external characteristic index values corresponding to the voltage drop data and the voltage current phase difference, wherein the expression is shown as formula (9):
and step 3: according to the relationship among the fault current effective value, the voltage current phase difference after the fault and the fault voltage amplitude obtained by the analysis, a corresponding expression can be obtained through integration:
wherein the expression of the fault current effective value under different fault voltage amplitudes is,
wherein t is a time independent variable, t0For the disturbance moment, UgTo the fault voltage amplitude, I0Is the effective value of the primary current, I (U)gT) is the effective value of the new current, KiIs a coefficient of the decaying periodic component of the current, alphaiIs the attenuation coefficient of the current, omegadiDamping the angular frequency of oscillation, theta, of the current0Is the initial phase of the decaying periodic component.
In this embodiment, as shown in the formula (10),
wherein the expression of the voltage-current phase difference after the fault under different fault voltage amplitudes is,
wherein t is a time independent variable, t0For the disturbance moment, UgTo the fault voltage amplitude, θ0(Ug) For voltage-current phase difference, theta (U)gT) voltage-current phase difference after fault, KθCoefficient of decay periodic component of phase difference, alphaθAttenuation coefficient of phase difference, ωdθDamping oscillation angular frequency, theta, of phase difference0Is the initial phase of the decaying periodic component.
In this embodiment, as shown in the formula (11),
and 4, step 4: establishing a simplified model describing fault current:
wherein, Ia(Ug,t),Ib(Ug,t),Ic(UgT) is the fault voltage amplitude U of A, B, C three-phase different voltage drop degrees at t momentgA mapped fault current function.
And 5: and (4) simplifying the effect evaluation of the model.
Calculating performance comparison: and (3) simulating the simplified model and the accurate model by using a PSCAD platform, wherein the step length is 1ms, the duration is 4s, and the time consumption and the data space storage occupation of the two models are counted, as shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of two models for computational Performance
Comparison of numerical values: from fig. 5(a) and 5(b), it can be seen that the detailed model and the simplified model under the same control mode are very close to each other in overall trend, the error is basically within 5%, and the effectiveness is verified.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts main technical means. To the extent that they are clearly, completely, and accurately described, the essential nature of this invention is explained, they are understood and effected by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A simplified modeling method for a new energy power supply is characterized by comprising the following steps,
acquiring a fault voltage amplitude value when a power distribution network accessed with new energy fails;
acquiring an external characteristic index corresponding to a response curve of a control system when the power distribution network fails;
carrying out curve fitting on the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index;
establishing a fault current expression model according to the external characteristic indexes;
and establishing a voltage-controlled current source model between the fault voltage amplitude and the fault current expression model based on the fitting result of the fault voltage amplitude and the external characteristic index, and obtaining a simplified model of the new energy power supply.
2. The simplified modeling method for the new energy power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the obtaining of the fault voltage amplitude when the power distribution network accessing the new energy is in fault comprises,
different voltage drop signals are acquired by changing the size of the transition resistor at the position where the new energy is connected to the power distribution network, and corresponding fault voltage amplitude values are obtained through conversion according to the different voltage drop signals.
3. The simplified modeling method for the new energy power supply according to claim 1, wherein the external characteristic indicators include rise time, peak time, ringing period, and new steady state response.
4. The simplified modeling method for the new energy power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the obtaining of the external characteristic index corresponding to the response curve of the control system during the power distribution network fault comprises,
acquiring external characteristic index values corresponding to fault current effective values under different fault voltage amplitudes;
and acquiring external characteristic index values corresponding to the voltage-current phase difference after the fault under different fault voltage amplitudes.
5. The simplified modeling method for the new energy power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that the effective values of the fault currents at different fault voltage amplitudes are expressed as,
wherein t is a time independent variable, t0For the disturbance moment, UgTo the fault voltage amplitude, I0Is the effective value of the primary current, I (U)gT) is the effective value of the new current, KiIs a coefficient of the decaying periodic component of the current, alphaiIs the attenuation coefficient of the current, omegadiDamping the angular frequency of oscillation, theta, of the current0Is the initial phase of the decaying periodic component.
6. The simplified modeling method for the new energy power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that the expression of the voltage-current phase difference after the fault under different fault voltage amplitudes is,
wherein t is a time independent variable, t0For the disturbance moment, UgTo the fault voltage amplitude, θ0(Ug) For voltage-current phase difference, theta (U)gT) voltage-current phase difference after fault, KθCoefficient of decay periodic component of phase difference, alphaθAttenuation coefficient of phase difference, ωdθDamping oscillation angular frequency, theta, of phase difference0Is the initial phase of the decaying periodic component.
7. The simplified modeling method for the new energy power supply according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the attenuation periodic component coefficient, the attenuation coefficient, the damping oscillation angular frequency and the attenuation periodic component initial phase are obtained through calculation according to the obtained external characteristic index.
8. The simplified modeling method for the new energy power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the new energy is accessed to the power distribution network in a manner that includes,
off-grid power storage, grid-connected power generation or a combination of off-grid power storage and grid-connected power generation.
9. The simplified modeling method for the new energy power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the new energy power supply adopts a wind generating set or a photovoltaic generating set.
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