CN114216583A - SH guided wave-based temperature stress online monitoring system and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
SH guided wave-based temperature stress online monitoring system and monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
- G01K11/24—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of the velocity of propagation of sound
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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Abstract
The invention discloses an SH guided wave-based temperature stress online monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof. The temperature stress monitoring is carried out by adopting the horizontal shear guided waves, the guided waves have high sensitivity to stress, the characteristic of complete non-dispersion is favorable for high-precision signal time difference calculation, and compared with dispersed lamb waves, the temperature stress monitoring device has higher measurement precision; the shear type piezoelectric transducer is convenient to manufacture and small in size, has high energy conversion efficiency and large signal-to-noise ratio compared with a non-contact electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, can be stuck to a piece to be tested, and eliminates measurement errors caused by the traditional coupling agent; the method combining guided wave monitoring and strain measurement is adopted, so that the influence of propagation distance change caused by a bonding mode is eliminated, and the measurement precision is further improved; the invention has the advantages of complete design and high measurement precision, and is very suitable for real-time online temperature stress monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, in particular to an ultrasonic guided wave-based temperature stress online monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof.
Background
In high-speed railway, the use of jointless quality route can slow down the wheel rail by a wide margin and assault, reduces the equipment loss, improves the travelling comfort of taking, nevertheless because the elimination of rail seam, the rail can not freely stretch out and draw back at length direction, and rail inside can produce huge temperature stress during temperature variation, brings the cracked risk of track buckling even. In large-scale construction engineering, the cement concrete material can expand in volume along with the change of the environmental temperature, and the temperature stress generated by the expansion has a non-negligible influence on the safety of a main body. Therefore, real-time online temperature stress monitoring of structural members is very important in practical engineering applications. The traditional stress measurement method comprises a strain electric measurement method, a Barkhausen magnetic method, an X-ray diffraction method and an ultrasonic method, wherein the ultrasonic method is widely used by virtue of the advantages of strong penetrating power, good directivity, simple detection mode and the like. The basic principle of the ultrasonic method is the acoustoelastic effect, i.e. the stress measurement is performed by the linear relationship between the variation of wave velocity in an elastic medium and the stress. Because the acoustic elastic effect of common metal materials is weak, the stress measurement accuracy is very dependent on high-precision wave velocity measurement.
The ultrasound wave traditionally used for stress detection is critically refracted longitudinal wave (LCR) because the wave velocity of such bulk waves is most sensitive to stress. However, the excitation device for critical refraction of longitudinal waves generates longitudinal waves in a thickness vibration mode of the piezoelectric transducer, and then obliquely irradiates the longitudinal waves to a test piece to be tested at a first critical angle through the wedge-shaped block according to Snell refraction, the combined structure can only be packaged into a probe, the couplant is used for transmitting elastic waves to measure stress, the real-time and on-line stress monitoring on the test piece cannot be carried out, the thickness of the couplant cannot be accurately controlled, and the thickness of the couplant can be obviously changed along with environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, so that the measured stress value always has large errors. As for the non-contact electromagnetic ultrasonic probe, the influence of the coupling agent can be eliminated, and the non-contact electromagnetic ultrasonic probe is not suitable for long-term online monitoring due to the characteristics of high power consumption, low energy conversion efficiency, large equipment volume and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the difficulty of the temperature stress on-line monitoring, the invention provides a temperature stress on-line monitoring system based on horizontal shear guided waves and a monitoring method thereof.
The invention aims to provide an online temperature stress monitoring system based on horizontal shear guided waves.
The test piece to be tested is in a constrained state, temperature stress is generated due to temperature change, the direction of the temperature stress of the test piece to be tested is the constrained direction, for example, a steel rail is constrained by chucks and screws at two ends, and a concrete block in a building in an engineering structure is constrained by other structures in the building.
The temperature stress on-line monitoring system based on the horizontal shear guided wave comprises: the device comprises a first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer, a second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer, a first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer, a second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer, a first resistance strain gauge, a second resistance strain gauge, a reference sample, a wireless strain sensor, a pulse ultrasonic signal source, a wireless data acquisition card and a computer; the piezoelectric transducers comprise piezoelectric ceramic wafers and electrodes, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic wafers are in long strip shapes and are in thickness shearing shapes d15A mode, wherein the length is L, the width is W, the thickness is d, two surfaces which are polarized along the length direction and have the area LW are respectively used as electrode surfaces, and electrodes are respectively prepared on the two electrode surfaces and are used for applying an electric field; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of the piece to be tested, and are parallel along the length direction, and the length direction is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested, and a distance is reserved between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the first resistance strain gauge is pasted in the middle position of the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer, and the direction of the resistance strain gauge is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece; the reference sample and the tested piece are placed in the same temperature environment, the material of the reference sample is the same as that of the tested piece, and the reference sample and the tested piece are in a free state; the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of a reference sample, the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are parallel along the length direction, the length direction is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested, and a distance is formed between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer and is equal to the distance between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducerThe distance between the devices; the second resistance strain gauge is pasted in the middle position of the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are connected to the wireless strain sensor in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer are respectively connected to a pulse ultrasonic signal source through respective electrodes; the first and second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers are respectively connected to a wireless data acquisition card through respective electrodes; the wireless strain sensor, the pulse ultrasonic signal source and the wireless data acquisition card are respectively connected to a computer through a wireless network;
the computer remotely controls a pulse ultrasonic signal source to send out an excitation signal, the excitation signal is respectively transmitted to a first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and a second shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer, the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer respectively excite a to-be-tested piece in a constrained state and a reference sample in a free state to generate ultrasonic guided waves, the ultrasonic guided waves are pure horizontal shearing guided waves in a zero-order non-frequency dispersion mode, the polarization direction of the horizontal shearing guided waves is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, the propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer and the second shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer receive the ultrasonic guided waves; the wireless data acquisition card respectively acquires the ultrasonic guided waves received by the first and second shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducers and transmits the ultrasonic guided waves to the computer through a wireless network; the test piece to be tested and the reference sample are at the same temperature, and the test piece to be tested is in a constrained state while the reference sample is in a natural state, so different temperature stresses are correspondingly generated, different strains can be generated due to different temperature stresses, and the resistances of the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are different; the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge respectively receive voltage signals of a piece to be tested and a reference sample, which are generated due to resistance change, and the wireless strain sensor collects the voltage signals received by the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge and transmits the voltage signals to the computer through a wireless network; because the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are connected with the wireless strain sensor in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge, a computer directly calculates the strain generated by temperature stress; the computer receives signals of the wireless data acquisition card and the wireless strain sensor through a wireless network, the propagation time of the ultrasonic guided wave in a constrained state and a free state is respectively calculated by adopting a cross-correlation analysis algorithm, and the influence of the propagation distance brought by temperature stress is calibrated through strain, so that the wave velocity difference value of the ultrasonic guided wave and the free state is obtained; and calculating the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece at the current temperature according to the acoustic elastic effect, thereby realizing the long-term real-time online monitoring of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece.
According to the elastic effect, the temperature stress difference d sigma between the free state and the restrained state satisfies:
wherein, σ (T) is the temperature stress of the piece to be tested at the temperature T, σ 1 is the temperature stress in the reference sample in the free state, K is the acoustoelastic constant, dV is the wave velocity difference value between the constrained state and the free state, and V is the wave velocity in the free state; since the temperature stress σ 1 in the free-state sample is always 0, we obtain:
in the case of small deformations, the variations in wave speed, propagation distance and propagation time are expressed as:
dS is the difference of the propagation distance in the constrained state and the free state, S is the propagation distance in the free state, dt is the difference of the propagation time in the constrained state and the free state, and t is the propagation time in the free state.
Since both the constrained state and the free state are at the same temperature, the difference in propagation distance is only due to the poisson effect caused by temperature stress:
where v is the poisson's ratio of the material and epsilon is the strain produced by the temperature stress in the direction of the temperature stress of the test piece obtained by the resistance strain gauge.
So as to obtain a temperature stress σ (T) in the test piece to be tested at the temperature T as:
dt (T) is a difference between the propagation time in the constrained state and the propagation time in the free state at the temperature T, T (T) is the propagation time in the free state at the temperature T, and ∈ (T) is a strain generated by the temperature stress in the direction of the temperature stress of the test piece at the temperature T.
It is worth mentioning that for a slender test piece to be tested, the constraint considered as temperature stress is only along the axial direction, so that the variation of the propagation distance is only caused by the poisson effect, and the above formula can be applied; however, for non-elongated members, the direction of propagation itself may also be constrained, where the strain gauge should monitor the direction of propagation, where:
where ε' (T) is the strain in the propagation direction monitored by the resistive strain gage.
The wireless strain sensor, the pulse ultrasonic signal source and the wireless data acquisition card are all driven by batteries, do not need external power supply, and are installed and integrated near the free sample and the to-be-tested piece so as to avoid interfering with the normal working condition of the to-be-tested structure.
The length of the piezoelectric ceramic wafer is 10-20 mm, the width is 2-3 mm, and the thickness is 0.4-0.8 mm.
The distance between the centers of the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer is 40mm-200 mm.
Further, the temperature control device also comprises a temperature control box, wherein the piece to be tested and the reference sample are arranged in the temperature control box, and the temperature is changed through the temperature control box, so that the temperature stress of the piece to be tested at different temperatures is obtained.
The invention also aims to provide an online temperature stress monitoring method based on the horizontal shear guided wave.
The invention discloses a temperature stress online monitoring method based on horizontal shear guided waves, which comprises the following steps:
1) connecting an instrument:
the first and second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducers and the first and second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers have the same structure, and comprise piezoelectric ceramic wafers and electrodes, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic wafers are long-strip-shaped thickness shear type d15A mode, wherein the length is L, the width is W, the thickness is d, two surfaces which are polarized along the length direction and have the area LW are respectively used as electrode surfaces, and electrodes are respectively prepared on the two electrode surfaces and are used for applying an electric field; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of a piece to be tested, and are parallel along the length direction, and the length direction is parallel to the stress direction to be tested, and a distance is reserved between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the first resistance strain gauge is pasted in the middle position of the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer, and the direction of the resistance strain gauge is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece; the reference sample and the tested piece are placed in the same temperature environment, the material of the reference sample is the same as that of the tested piece, and the reference sample and the tested piece are in a free state; the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of a reference sample, the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are parallel along the length direction, the length direction is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested, and the distance between the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer is equal to the distance between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the second resistance strain gauge is pasted in the middle position of the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; first and second resistance strain gaugesThe wireless strain sensor is connected to the wireless strain sensor in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer are respectively connected to a pulse ultrasonic signal source through respective electrodes; the first and second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers are respectively connected to a wireless data acquisition card through respective electrodes; the wireless strain sensor, the pulse ultrasonic signal source and the wireless data acquisition card are respectively connected to a computer through a wireless network;
2) the computer remotely controls a pulse ultrasonic signal source to send out an excitation signal, the excitation signal is respectively transmitted to a first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and a second shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer, the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer respectively excite a to-be-tested piece in a constrained state and a reference sample in a free state to generate ultrasonic guided waves, the ultrasonic guided waves are pure horizontal shearing guided waves in a zero-order non-frequency dispersion mode, the polarization direction of the horizontal shearing guided waves is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, the propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer and the second shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer receive the ultrasonic guided waves;
3) the wireless data acquisition card respectively acquires the ultrasonic guided waves received by the first and second shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducers and transmits the ultrasonic guided waves to the computer through a wireless network;
4) the computer receives the wireless data acquisition card through a wireless network, and the propagation time of the ultrasonic guided wave in a constrained state and a free state is respectively calculated by adopting a cross-correlation analysis algorithm;
5) the test piece to be tested and the reference sample are at the same temperature, and the test piece to be tested is in a constrained state while the reference sample is in a natural state, so different temperature stresses are correspondingly generated, different strains can be generated due to different temperature stresses, and the resistances of the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are different; the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge respectively receive voltage signals of a piece to be tested and a reference sample, which are generated due to resistance change, and the wireless strain sensor collects the voltage signals received by the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge and transmits the voltage signals to the computer through a wireless network;
6) the computer receives a voltage signal of the wireless strain sensor through a wireless network, and because the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are connected with the wireless strain sensor in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge, the computer directly calculates and obtains the strain generated by temperature stress;
7) the computer calibrates the influence of the propagation distance brought by the temperature stress through strain so as to obtain the wave velocity difference value of the temperature stress and the propagation distance;
and calculating the temperature stress of the piece to be tested under the temperature T according to the acoustic elastic effect, thereby realizing the long-term real-time online monitoring of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested.
In step 7), the temperature stress σ (T) of the test piece to be tested at the temperature T satisfies:
wherein dt (T) is the difference between the propagation time in the constrained state and the propagation time in the free state at the temperature T, T (T) is the propagation time in the free state at the temperature T, obtained in step 4), K is the acoustic elastic constant, and ε (T) is the strain due to temperature stress at the temperature T, obtained in step 6).
Further, the piece to be tested and the reference sample are arranged in a temperature control box, and the temperature is changed through the temperature control box, so that the temperature stress of the piece to be tested at different temperatures is obtained.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the stress monitoring is carried out by adopting the horizontal shear guided wave for the first time, the guided wave has high sensitivity to stress, the characteristic of complete non-dispersion is favorable for high-precision signal time difference calculation, and the measurement precision is higher compared with the dispersive lamb wave;
(2) the shear type piezoelectric transducer is convenient to manufacture and small in size, has high energy conversion efficiency and large signal-to-noise ratio compared with a non-contact electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, can be stuck to a piece to be tested, and eliminates measurement errors caused by the traditional coupling agent;
(3) the method combining guided wave monitoring and strain measurement is adopted, so that the influence of propagation distance change caused by a bonding mode is eliminated, and the measurement precision is further improved; the invention has the advantages of complete design and high measurement precision, and is very suitable for real-time online temperature stress monitoring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a temperature stress on-line monitoring system based on shear horizontal guided waves according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric transducer of an embodiment of the temperature stress on-line monitoring system based on shear horizontal guided waves of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of ultrasonic signals obtained by an embodiment of the temperature stress on-line monitoring system based on shear horizontal guided waves according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of length changes of a tested part at different temperatures according to an embodiment of the temperature stress online monitoring system based on horizontal shear guided waves;
FIG. 5 is a temperature stress diagram of a tested part at different temperatures according to an embodiment of the temperature stress online monitoring system based on horizontal shear guided waves of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the temperature stress online monitoring method based on shear horizontal guided waves of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated by means of specific embodiments in the following with reference to the drawing.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature stress on-line monitoring system based on shear horizontal guided waves of the present embodiment includes: the device comprises a first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 1, a second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 5, a first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 2, a second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 6, a first resistance strain gauge 3, a second resistance strain gauge 7, a reference sample 8, a wireless strain sensor 9, a pulse ultrasonic signal source 10, a wireless data acquisition card 11 and a computer 12; as shown in fig. 1, the test piece to be tested is in a constrained state, temperature stress is generated due to temperature change, the direction of the temperature stress of the test piece to be tested is the constrained direction, and an arrow in fig. 1 represents the direction of the temperature stress of the test piece to be tested; as shown in FIG. 2, the first and second shear-type transmitting piezoelectric transducers 1 and 5 and the first and second shear-type receiving piezoelectric transducers have the same structures 2 and 6, including piezoelectric ceramic crystalsSheet, electrode, and piezoelectric ceramic wafer in the shape of long strip15A mode, wherein the length is L, the width is W, the thickness is d, two surfaces which are polarized along the length direction and have the area LW are respectively used as electrode surfaces, and electrodes are respectively prepared on the two electrode surfaces and are used for applying an electric field; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 1 and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 2 are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of a piece to be tested, the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 1 and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 2 are parallel along the length direction, the length direction is parallel to the stress direction to be tested, and a distance is reserved between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 1 and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 2; the first resistance strain gauge 3 is adhered to the middle position of the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 1 and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer 2, and the direction of the resistance strain gauge is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested part; the reference sample 8 and the piece to be tested are placed in the same temperature environment, the material of the reference sample 8 is the same as that of the piece to be tested, and the reference sample is in a free state; the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 5 and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 6 are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of a reference sample 8, the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 5 and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 6 are parallel along the length direction, the length direction is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested, and a distance is reserved between the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 5 and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 6 and is equal to the distance between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 1 and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 2; the second resistance strain gauge 7 is adhered to the middle position of the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 5 and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 6; the first and second resistance strain gauges 3 and 7 are connected to the wireless strain sensor 9 in a half-bridge manner of a Wheatstone bridge; the wireless data acquisition card 11 is connected to the computer 12; the first and second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducers 1 and 5 are respectively connected to a pulsed ultrasonic signal source 10 through respective electrodes; the first and second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers 2 and 6 are respectively connected to a wireless data acquisition card 11 through respective electrodes; the wireless strain sensor 9, the pulse ultrasonic signal source 10 and the wireless data acquisition card 11 are respectively connected to the computer 12 through a wireless network; the test piece to be tested and the reference sample 8 are placed in the same temperature control box.
The length of the piezoelectric ceramic wafer is 10-20 mm, the width is 2-3 mm, and the thickness is 0.4-0.8 mm. In this embodiment, the piece to be tested and the reference sample 8 are 6061 aluminum strips, the length is 200mm, the width is 40mm, the thickness is 4mm, the two ends of the piece to be tested are clamped by a clamp, and the reference sample 8 is in a free state; the materials of the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 11, the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 55 and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer 22 are piezoelectric ceramics PZT-5H, and the sizes are as follows: length L is 12MM, width W is 2MM, and thickness d is 0.4 MM; the pulsed ultrasonic signal source 10 applies a five-cycle sinusoidal pulse signal modulated by a hanning window with a center frequency of 1.2 MHz.
The temperature stress online monitoring method based on the horizontal shear guided wave of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, includes the following steps:
1) connecting the instrument as shown in FIG. 1;
2) a computer 12 remotely controls a pulsed ultrasonic signal source 10 to send out an excitation signal, the power of the pulsed ultrasonic signal source 10 is less than 1W, the range of voltage is about 20V, the range of frequency is about 1MHz, the excitation signal is respectively transmitted to a first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 1 and a second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer 5, a to-be-tested piece in a constrained state and a reference sample 8 in a free state are respectively excited to generate ultrasonic guided waves, the ultrasonic guided waves are pure horizontal shear guided waves in a zero-order non-frequency dispersion mode, the polarization direction of the horizontal shear guided waves is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, the propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers 2 and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers 6 receive the ultrasonic guided waves, as shown in figure 3, the received signal to noise ratio is very high, and the waveform is not distorted completely;
3) the wireless data acquisition card 11 respectively acquires the ultrasonic guided waves received by the first and second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers 2 and 6, and transmits the ultrasonic guided waves to the computer 12 through a wireless network;
4) the computer 12 receives the wireless data acquisition card 11 through a wireless network, and calculates and obtains the propagation time T' (T) of the ultrasonic guided wave in a constrained state and the propagation time T (T) of the ultrasonic guided wave in a free state respectively by adopting a cross-correlation analysis algorithm;
5) the test piece to be tested and the reference sample 8 are at the same temperature, different temperature stresses are correspondingly generated because the test piece to be tested is in a constrained state and the reference sample 8 is in a natural state, and the first resistance strain gauge 3 and the second resistance strain gauge 7 are different in resistance due to the different temperature stresses; the first resistance strain gauge 3 and the second resistance strain gauge 7 respectively receive voltage signals of a piece to be tested and a reference sample 8, which are generated due to resistance change, and the wireless strain sensor 9 collects the voltage signals received by the first resistance strain gauge 3 and the second resistance strain gauge 7 and transmits the voltage signals to the computer 12 through a wireless network;
6) the computer 12 receives a voltage signal of the wireless strain sensor 9 through a wireless network, and because the first resistance strain gauge 3 and the second resistance strain gauge 7 are connected with the wireless strain sensor 9 in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge, the computer 12 directly calculates strain epsilon (T) generated by temperature stress at a temperature T;
7) the computer 12 calibrates the influence of the propagation distance brought by the temperature stress through strain, so as to obtain the wave velocity difference value of the two; calculating the temperature stress sigma (T) of the piece to be tested under the temperature T according to the acoustic elastic effect:
wherein dt (T) is the difference between the propagation time in the constrained state and the propagation time in the free state at the temperature T, and dt (T) ═ T
T' (T) -T (T), K is the acoustic elastic constant;
the test piece and the reference sample 8 are placed in a temperature control box, the temperature is adjusted within-60 ℃ to 100 ℃, and the relative propagation distance changes at different temperatures can be obtained by recording every 20 ℃, as shown in fig. 4, so that the temperature stresses at different temperatures are obtained, as shown in fig. 5.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a temperature stress on-line monitoring system based on horizontal shear guided wave, the examination of awaiting measuring is in the confined state, thereby because temperature variation produces temperature stress, the direction of the temperature stress of examination of awaiting measuring is the confined direction promptly, its characterized in that, temperature stress on-line monitoring system includes: the device comprises a first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer, a second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer, a first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer, a second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer, a first resistance strain gauge, a second resistance strain gauge, a reference sample, a wireless strain sensor, a pulse ultrasonic signal source, a wireless data acquisition card and a computer; the piezoelectric transducers comprise piezoelectric ceramic wafers and electrodes, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic wafers are in long strip shapes and are in thickness shearing shapes d15A mode, wherein the length is L, the width is W, the thickness is d, two surfaces which are polarized along the length direction and have the area LW are respectively used as electrode surfaces, and electrodes are respectively prepared on the two electrode surfaces and are used for applying an electric field; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of the piece to be tested, and are parallel along the length direction, and the length direction is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested, and a distance is reserved between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the first resistance strain gauge is pasted in the middle position of the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer, and the direction of the resistance strain gauge is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece; the reference sample and the tested piece are placed in the same temperature environment, the material of the reference sample is the same as that of the tested piece, and the reference sample and the tested piece are in a free state; the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of a reference sample, the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are parallel along the length direction, the length direction is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested, and a distance is formed between the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer and is equal to the distance between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducerReceiving a distance between the piezoelectric transducers; the second resistance strain gauge is pasted in the middle position of the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are connected to the wireless strain sensor in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer are respectively connected to a pulse ultrasonic signal source through respective electrodes; the first and second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers are respectively connected to a wireless data acquisition card through respective electrodes; the wireless strain sensor, the pulse ultrasonic signal source and the wireless data acquisition card are respectively connected to a computer through a wireless network;
the computer remotely controls a pulse ultrasonic signal source to send out an excitation signal, the excitation signal is respectively transmitted to a first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and a second shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer, the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer respectively excite a to-be-tested piece in a constrained state and a reference sample in a free state to generate ultrasonic guided waves, the ultrasonic guided waves are pure horizontal shearing guided waves in a zero-order non-frequency dispersion mode, the polarization direction of the horizontal shearing guided waves is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, the propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer and the second shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer receive the ultrasonic guided waves; the wireless data acquisition card respectively acquires the ultrasonic guided waves received by the first and second shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducers and transmits the ultrasonic guided waves to the computer through a wireless network; the test piece to be tested and the reference sample are at the same temperature, and the test piece to be tested is in a constrained state while the reference sample is in a natural state, so different temperature stresses are correspondingly generated, different strains can be generated due to different temperature stresses, and the resistances of the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are different; the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge respectively receive voltage signals of a piece to be tested and a reference sample, which are generated due to resistance change, and the wireless strain sensor collects the voltage signals received by the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge and transmits the voltage signals to the computer through a wireless network; because the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are connected with the wireless strain sensor in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge, a computer directly calculates the strain generated by temperature stress; the computer receives signals of the wireless data acquisition card and the wireless strain sensor through a wireless network, the propagation time of the ultrasonic guided wave in a constrained state and a free state is respectively calculated by adopting a cross-correlation analysis algorithm, and the influence of the propagation distance brought by temperature stress is calibrated through strain, so that the wave velocity difference value of the ultrasonic guided wave and the free state is obtained; and calculating the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece at the current temperature according to the acoustic elastic effect, thereby realizing the long-term real-time online monitoring of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece.
2. The system for on-line monitoring of temperature stress according to claim 1, wherein the wireless strain sensor, the pulsed ultrasonic signal source and the wireless data acquisition card are all battery-driven.
3. The system for on-line monitoring temperature stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic wafer has a length of 10-20 mm, a width of 2-3 mm, and a thickness of 0.4-0.8 mm.
4. The system for on-line monitoring of temperature stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the first shear-type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear-type receiving piezoelectric transducer is 40mm-200 mm.
5. The system for on-line monitoring of temperature stress of claim 1, further comprising a temperature control box, wherein the piece to be tested and the reference sample are arranged in the temperature control box, and the temperature is changed by the temperature control box, so as to obtain the temperature stress of the piece to be tested at different temperatures.
6. The temperature stress on-line monitoring method of the temperature stress on-line monitoring system based on the shear horizontal guided wave according to claim 1, wherein the temperature stress on-line monitoring method comprises the following steps:
1) connecting an instrument:
the first and second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducers and the first and second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers have the same structure, and comprise piezoelectric ceramic wafers and electrodes, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic wafers are long-strip-shaped thickness shear piezoelectric transducersForm d15A mode, wherein the length is L, the width is W, the thickness is d, two surfaces which are polarized along the length direction and have the area LW are respectively used as electrode surfaces, and electrodes are respectively prepared on the two electrode surfaces and are used for applying an electric field; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of a piece to be tested, and are parallel along the length direction, and the length direction is parallel to the stress direction to be tested, and a distance is reserved between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the first resistance strain gauge is pasted in the middle position of the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer, and the direction of the resistance strain gauge is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece; the reference sample and the tested piece are placed in the same temperature environment, the material of the reference sample is the same as that of the tested piece, and the reference sample and the tested piece are in a free state; the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are respectively bonded and fixed on the surface of a reference sample, the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer are parallel along the length direction, the length direction is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested, and the distance between the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer is equal to the distance between the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the first shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the second resistance strain gauge is pasted in the middle position of the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducer; the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are connected to the wireless strain sensor in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge; the first shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shear type transmitting piezoelectric transducer are respectively connected to a pulse ultrasonic signal source through respective electrodes; the first and second shear type receiving piezoelectric transducers are respectively connected to a wireless data acquisition card through respective electrodes; the wireless strain sensor, the pulse ultrasonic signal source and the wireless data acquisition card are respectively connected to a computer through a wireless network;
2) the computer remotely controls a pulse ultrasonic signal source to send out an excitation signal, the excitation signal is respectively transmitted to a first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and a second shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer, the first shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer and the second shearing type transmitting piezoelectric transducer respectively excite a to-be-tested piece in a constrained state and a reference sample in a free state to generate ultrasonic guided waves, the ultrasonic guided waves are pure horizontal shearing guided waves in a zero-order non-frequency dispersion mode, the polarization direction of the horizontal shearing guided waves is parallel to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, the propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of the temperature stress of the to-be-tested piece, and the first shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer and the second shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducer receive the ultrasonic guided waves;
3) the wireless data acquisition card respectively acquires the ultrasonic guided waves received by the first and second shearing type receiving piezoelectric transducers and transmits the ultrasonic guided waves to the computer through a wireless network;
4) the computer receives the wireless data acquisition card through a wireless network, and the propagation time of the ultrasonic guided wave in a constrained state and a free state is respectively calculated by adopting a cross-correlation analysis algorithm;
5) the test piece to be tested and the reference sample are at the same temperature, and the test piece to be tested is in a constrained state while the reference sample is in a natural state, so different temperature stresses are correspondingly generated, different strains can be generated due to different temperature stresses, and the resistances of the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are different; the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge respectively receive voltage signals of a piece to be tested and a reference sample, which are generated due to resistance change, and the wireless strain sensor collects the voltage signals received by the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge and transmits the voltage signals to the computer through a wireless network;
6) the computer receives a voltage signal of the wireless strain sensor through a wireless network, and because the first resistance strain gauge and the second resistance strain gauge are connected with the wireless strain sensor in a half-bridge mode of a Wheatstone bridge, the computer directly calculates and obtains the strain generated by temperature stress;
7) the computer calibrates the influence of the propagation distance brought by the temperature stress through strain so as to obtain the wave velocity difference value of the temperature stress and the propagation distance; and calculating the temperature stress of the piece to be tested under the temperature T according to the acoustic elastic effect, thereby realizing the long-term real-time online monitoring of the temperature stress of the piece to be tested.
7. The method for on-line monitoring temperature stress according to claim 6, wherein in step 7), the temperature stress σ (T) of the test piece under test at the temperature T satisfies:
dt (T) is a difference between the propagation time in the constrained state and the propagation time in the free state at the temperature T, T (T) is the propagation time in the free state at the temperature T, K is an acoustic elastic constant, and ∈ (T) is a strain of the temperature T caused by a temperature stress.
8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising the step of placing the test piece and the reference sample in a temperature control box, and changing the temperature by the temperature control box, thereby obtaining the temperature stress of the test piece at different temperatures.
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