CN114215494A - Combustible ice mining method - Google Patents
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- CN114215494A CN114215494A CN202111295941.9A CN202111295941A CN114215494A CN 114215494 A CN114215494 A CN 114215494A CN 202111295941 A CN202111295941 A CN 202111295941A CN 114215494 A CN114215494 A CN 114215494A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VTVVPPOHYJJIJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=C=O VTVVPPOHYJJIJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 combustible ice Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/18—Repressuring or vacuum methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
- E21B47/07—Temperature
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The application provides a combustible ice mining method, which comprises the following steps: laying equipment: laying a horizontal well, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor in a stratum where combustible ice in an operation area is located; mining operation: exploiting the combustible ice in the operation area by adopting a depressurization method, and monitoring the geological change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area; stopping the mining operation when the mining operation reaches the set condition; repairing operation: and injecting geological repair gas into the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area to recover the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area. According to the combustible ice mining method, combustible ice is mined by a depressurization method, so that the mining efficiency is improved, and the failure risk is reduced; temperature sensing and pressure sensors are laid on the stratum where the combustible ice is located, and in the process of mining operation, the geological change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area is monitored, so that the state of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is controlled temporarily, the mining operation is stopped timely, the geology is repaired, the geology is protected, and the safety is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of combustible ice exploitation, and particularly relates to a combustible ice exploitation method.
Background
Natural gas hydrate, i.e. combustible ice, is an ice-like crystalline substance formed by natural gas and water under high pressure and low temperature conditions. The natural gas hydrate has the characteristics of large inventory, wide distribution range, high energy density and clean combustion (combustion products are water and carbon dioxide), is considered as a promising alternative energy source in the 21 st century, and has important strategic significance in research and development. In recent years, natural gas hydrate pilot production projects are developed successively in various countries, and main production methods of the natural gas hydrate pilot production projects comprise a depressurization method, a heat injection method, an inhibitor injection method, a carbon dioxide replacement method, a solid fluidization method and the like. The depressurization method is a method with more trial production applications, no heat loss is caused in the process of exploiting the natural hydrate by using the depressurization method, continuous excitation is not required, the cost is low, and the feasibility is high. The heat injection method is to inject hot fluid into the seabed to raise the temperature of the seabed hydrate layer so as to achieve the purpose of decomposition. However, in the pressure reduction or heat injection process, formation instability, deformation, landslide and the like can be caused by the massive decomposition of the hydrate, so that certain potential safety hazards exist, and particularly for weakly cemented hydrate layers (such as the hydrate formation in the south China sea). Compared with depressurization method, thermal stimulation method and the like, the method directly causes the decomposition of hydrate, CO2The substitution method can realize CH simultaneously4Gas production and greenhouse gas CO2The method has the advantages of geological sequestration, and maintaining the stability of the hydrate reservoir in the process of exploitation, and has double meanings in environment and economy. At present, CO2The displacement method is successfully applied to hydrate pilot mining in Alaska areas in America, and the feasibility of the displacement method in the aspects of reaction mechanism and implementation technology is proved. From the perspective of safety and environmental protection, the replacement methodThe method for mining the hydrate in the sea area and the land area of China is a good alternative mining measure.
However, natural gas hydrate in China has various crystal types, complex hydrate components and high temperature of a hydrate reservoir in the sea area, and the crystal types have great influence on a displacement method. Because the solid hydrate plays roles of cementation and framework support in the seabed natural gas hydrate containing layer, the hydrate reservoir collapses due to decomposition of the hydrate, and thus the seabed stratum is unstable. The natural gas hydrate in south China sea is mainly buried in a steep slope from a continental shelf to deep sea in the north, and stratum looseness caused by natural gas hydrate exploitation is likely to cause geological landslide, so that safety of communication optical cables, oil and gas pipelines, oil and gas platforms, military facilities and the like in sea areas is seriously affected. Although CO has been used in recent years2/N2The displacement mining makes great progress in thermodynamic feasibility, kinetic process, micro reaction mechanism and other aspects, but in practical application, the problems of low mining efficiency and large failure risk are still faced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a combustible ice mining method, so as to solve the problems that the combustible ice mining efficiency is low and the combustible ice mining method faces a large failure risk in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions: the combustible ice mining method comprises the following steps:
laying equipment: laying a horizontal well, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor in a stratum where combustible ice in an operation area is located;
mining operation: exploiting the combustible ice in the operation area by adopting a depressurization method, and monitoring the geological change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area; stopping the mining operation when the mining operation reaches a set condition;
repairing operation: and injecting geological repair gas into the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area, and recovering the geological repair gas by using the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area.
In an alternative embodiment, the setting condition includes:
the natural gas output rate of the operation area is lower than a set value; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the displacement change of the sediments in the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area reaches a set value; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and the pressure of the place where the combustible ice is located in the operation area is reduced to reach a set value.
In an alternative embodiment, the equipment laying step further comprises laying a displacement sensor into the formation of the operating zone in which the combustible ice is located.
In an optional embodiment, the equipment laying step further comprises: and laying a monitoring well in the stratum where the combustible ice in the operation area is located, and arranging the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor in the monitoring well.
In an optional embodiment, the monitoring well is arranged in parallel with the horizontal well.
In an alternative embodiment, the horizontal well comprises a horizontal acquisition well and a horizontal gas injection well, and the horizontal acquisition well is arranged in parallel with the horizontal gas injection well;
the mining operation adopts the horizontal acquisition well to mine the combustible ice in the operation area, and the repairing operation adopts the horizontal gas injection well to inject geological repairing gas into the stratum where the combustible ice in the operation area is located.
In an alternative embodiment, the horizontal gas injection well is located below the horizontal collection well.
In an alternative embodiment, after the production operation is stopped, injecting geological repair gas into the formation where the combustible ice is located in the operation area through the horizontal well.
In an alternative embodiment, the geological repair gas is carbon dioxide; or, the geological remediation gas is nitrogen; or the geological restoration gas is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
In an optional embodiment, the step of laying down the equipment further comprises block division: and dividing the combustible ice mining area into a plurality of operation areas according to exploration geological conditions.
The combustible ice mining method provided by the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the combustible ice mining method has the advantages that combustible ice is mined by a depressurization method, so that mining efficiency is improved, and failure risk is reduced; temperature sensing and pressure sensors are laid on the stratum where the combustible ice is located, and in the process of mining operation, the geological change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area is monitored, so that the state of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is controlled temporarily, the mining operation is stopped timely, the geology is repaired, the geology is protected, and the safety is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or exemplary technical descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a combustible ice mining method provided by an embodiment of the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of laying down an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of laying down an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application.
Wherein, in the drawings, the reference numerals are mainly as follows:
11-horizontal well; 111-horizontal collection wells; 112-horizontal gas injection well; 12-a monitoring well; 13-a temperature sensor; 14-a pressure sensor; 15-displacement sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise. The meaning of "a number" is one or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "some embodiments," or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method for exploiting combustible ice provided by the present application will now be described. The combustible ice mining method comprises the following steps:
equipment laying S102: a horizontal well 11, a temperature sensor 13 and a pressure sensor 14 are laid in the stratum of the operation area where the combustible ice is located.
And a horizontal well 11 is arranged in the stratum where the combustible ice is located so as to be convenient for exploiting the combustible ice. By using the horizontal well 11, the coverage area is large, the exploitation efficiency of combustible ice can be improved, and the total gas output and the gas output rate can be increased.
The temperature sensor 13 is arranged on the stratum where the combustible ice is located to monitor the temperature change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in real time, so that the combustible ice is conveniently mined, and the mining efficiency of the combustible ice is improved. For example, during mining, by monitoring the temperature of the formation where the combustible ice is located, the formation where the combustible ice is located can be heated by injecting liquid or electric heating and the like according to needs, so that the efficiency of decomposing natural gas from the combustible ice is improved, and the mining efficiency is improved.
The pressure sensor 14 is arranged on the stratum where the combustible ice is located, so that pressure change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located can be monitored in real time, the combustible ice can be mined conveniently, particularly, during pressure reduction mining, the pressure of the horizontal well 11 can be controlled better, the efficiency of decomposing natural gas from the combustible ice is improved, and the mining efficiency is improved. Of course, the pressure sensor 14 is arranged to monitor the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located, and it is also possible to prevent the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located from changing too much and too fast, thereby affecting the geological change of the operation area and improving the safety.
Mining operation S103: exploiting the combustible ice in the operation area by adopting a depressurization method, and monitoring the geological change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area; and stopping the mining operation when the mining operation reaches the set condition.
The combustible ice in the mining operation area refers to natural gas generated by decomposing mined combustible ice. The method for exploiting the combustible ice in the operation area by adopting the depressurization method is to exploit natural gas generated by decomposition of the combustible ice by adopting the depressurization method. The pressure reduction method is adopted to mine the combustible ice in the operation area, the technology is mature, the failure risk is low, and the pressure reduction method is adopted to mine the combustible ice, so that the combustible ice can be conveniently decomposed into natural gas, and the mining efficiency is high.
During mining, the geological change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area is monitored, so that geological safety is guaranteed, stratum collapse is prevented, and operation safety and environmental safety are protected.
Because the state of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is constantly changed during the mining operation S103, the natural gas amount of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is gradually reduced. By setting conditions, when mining reaches the set conditions, mining operation can be stopped, and then geological restoration is carried out, so that geological safety is protected.
Repair operation S104: and injecting geological repair gas into the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area to recover the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area.
And injecting geological repair gas into the stratum where the combustible ice in the operation area is located, and recovering the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice in the operation area is located to stabilize the stratum where the combustible ice is located, so that the stratum collapse is prevented better, and the influence on the environment is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the combustible ice mining method has the advantages that combustible ice is mined by a depressurization method, so that mining efficiency is improved, and failure risk is reduced; temperature sensing and pressure sensors 14 are laid in the stratum where the combustible ice is located, and in the process of mining operation, the geological change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area is monitored so as to control the state of the stratum where the combustible ice is located temporarily, so that the mining operation is stopped in time, the geology is repaired, the geology is protected, and the safety is improved.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the step of laying down the equipment further includes a block division S101: and dividing the combustible ice mining area into a plurality of operation areas according to exploration geological conditions.
The operation areas are divided according to exploration geological conditions, so that the exploitable value of each operation area can be guaranteed, and the risk of exploitation failure is reduced.
In addition, the operation areas are divided according to the exploration geological conditions, so that the influence between two adjacent operation areas can be relatively small, and the geological change of the other operation area is avoided when combustible ice is mined in one operation area, so that the safety is improved.
In one embodiment, when the combustible ice mining area is divided into a plurality of working areas, the plurality of working areas may be subjected to equipment laying S102, mining S103, and repair S104, respectively. Of course, the equipment laying S102, the mining operation S103, and the repairing operation S104 may be performed on one or more of the operation areas; then, the equipment laying S102, the mining operation S103, and the repairing operation S104 are repeated for the next working area.
Of course, the equipment installation S102 may be completed in one work area, and then the mining operation S103 may be performed. During the mining operation S103 for this work area, equipment laying S102 is performed for the next work area.
In one embodiment, during the production operation S103, when the set conditions are met, the production operation S103 needs to be stopped to perform the repair operation S104. Specifically, the set condition includes that the natural gas output rate of the working area is lower than a set value; or the displacement change of the sediments in the stratum where the combustible ice is in the operation area reaches a set value; or the pressure of the layer at the location of the combustible ice in the working area is reduced to reach a set value.
Because the natural gas produced during the exploitation of combustible ice is gradually reduced along with the continuation of exploitation, namely the natural gas production rate of the operation area is gradually reduced. When the natural gas output rate of the operation area is lower than a set value, the exploitation efficiency of the combustible ice is too low, and exploitation value is lacked, so that exploitation operation can be stopped. The set value of the natural gas output rate can be obtained by comprehensively evaluating according to the equipment cost and the maintenance cost of the operation area, the content of combustible ice, the exploitation time, the total natural gas output and the like so as to ensure the economic value and the social value of exploitation.
Due to the adoption of the depressurization mining method, the generated natural gas is gradually reduced along with the continuous mining, and the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is reduced. When the pressure drops too much, the top geology of the formation where the combustible ice is located may collapse. When the displacement change of the sediments in the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area is monitored to reach a set value, the top geology of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is gradually changed, at the moment, the mining operation needs to be stopped in time, and the repairing operation is carried out to fix the geology of the operation area, prevent the geology from collapsing and ensure the geological safety of the operation area. The set value of the displacement change of the sediments in the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area can be obtained by comprehensive evaluation according to the geological condition of the operation area, the depth of the layer where the combustible ice is located, the range of the operation area, the thickness of the layer where the combustible ice is located and the like. For example, when the geology of the upper layer of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is a lithologic stratum, the stratum can bear geological changes better, and the set value of the displacement change of the sediment can be set to be relatively large. For example, when the depth of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is deeper from the surface of the earth, the set value of the displacement change of the sediments can be set to be relatively larger. If the stratum where the combustible ice is located is about 100m away from the earth surface, the set value of the displacement change of the sediment can be 10cm +/-0.1%; and if the stratum where the combustible ice is located is about 200m away from the earth surface, the set value of the displacement change of the sediment can be 20cm +/-0.1%, and the like, and the geological condition of the operation area can be specifically estimated.
Due to the adoption of the depressurization mining method, the generated natural gas is gradually reduced along with the continuous mining, and the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is reduced. When the pressure drops too much, the top geology of the formation where the combustible ice is located may collapse. In some cases, the sediment amount of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is small, or a large amount of liquid exists in the stratum where the combustible ice is located, or a large amount of rock stratum exists in the stratum where the combustible ice is located, during the exploitation process of the combustible ice, the sediment is not subjected to displacement change, the damage selection pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is reduced too much, if the stratum collapses, the speed may be fast, and the geological restoration may not be in time. Therefore, during exploration and exploitation, a pressure drop set value can be comprehensively evaluated according to geological conditions, the depth of the layer where the combustible ice is located, the range of an operation area, the thickness of the layer where the combustible ice is located and the like, when the pressure drop of the layer where the combustible ice is located in the operation area reaches the set value, the risk of stratum collapse is considered to be overlarge, at the moment, the exploitation operation needs to be stopped, and the restoration operation is carried out to restore stable geology.
Generally, in the process of mining operation S103, when the natural gas output rate in the working area is lower than a set value, the displacement change of the deposit in the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the working area reaches the set value, and the pressure drop of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the working area reaches one of the three conditions of the set value, the mining operation S103 needs to be stopped, and the repairing operation S104 needs to be performed to perform geological repairing.
In one embodiment, the equipment laying step S102 further includes laying a displacement sensor 15 into the formation of the operating area in which the combustible ice is located.
The displacement sensor 15 is arranged on the stratum where the combustible ice is located, so that the displacement change of the sediments in the stratum where the combustible ice is located can be monitored in real time through the displacement sensor 15, the deformation characteristic of the sediments in the stratum where the combustible ice is located can be known in time, the mining operation S102 can be controlled, when the displacement change of the sediments in the stratum where the combustible ice is located is large, the mining operation can be stopped in time, the phenomenon that the geological change of an operation area is influenced due to the fact that the displacement change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located is too large and too fast is prevented, and safety is improved.
It is understood that other methods may be used to monitor the displacement change of the deposits in the formation where the combustible ice is located, such as methods used in geological exploration, for example seismic exploration.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the step of laying down equipment S102 further includes: a monitoring well 12 is laid in the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area, and a temperature sensor 13, a pressure sensor 14 and a displacement sensor 15 are arranged in the monitoring well 12.
The monitoring well 12 is arranged to facilitate installation of the temperature sensor 13, the pressure sensor 14 and the displacement sensor 15, and facilitate monitoring of temperature, pressure and sediment displacement changes of the stratum where the combustible ice is located.
It is understood that a temperature sensor 13, a pressure sensor 14 and a displacement sensor 15 may also be installed in the horizontal well 11. For example, the horizontal well 11 can transversely extend into the stratum where the combustible ice is located so as to install a temperature sensor 13, a pressure sensor 14 and a displacement sensor 15.
In one embodiment, the monitoring well 12 is arranged in parallel with the horizontal well 11, so that the temperature sensor 13 installed in the monitoring well 12 can conveniently monitor the temperature change around the horizontal well 11; the pressure sensor 14 arranged in the monitoring well 12 can conveniently monitor the pressure change around the horizontal well 11; displacement sensors 15 installed in the monitoring wells 12 may facilitate monitoring of displacement changes of the sediments surrounding the horizontal wells 11.
In one embodiment, the displacement sensor 15 may also be disposed on the top of the formation where the combustible ice is located to directly monitor the change characteristics of the top of the formation where the combustible ice is located, so as to better monitor geological changes and avoid formation collapse.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, horizontal well 11 includes horizontal collection well 111 and horizontal gas injection well 112, and horizontal collection well 111 is disposed parallel to horizontal gas injection well 112. The horizontal collecting well 111 and the horizontal gas injection well 112 are arranged, the horizontal collecting well 111 can be used for mining combustible ice in the operation area in the process of the mining operation S103, and the horizontal gas injection well 112 can be used for injecting geological repair gas into the stratum where the combustible ice in the operation area is located in the repair operation S104. Therefore, when geology is found to be changed, geological repair gas can be injected into the stratum where the combustible ice in the operation area through the horizontal gas injection well 112 in time, so that the stratum can be stabilized, and safety is improved.
In one embodiment, horizontal gas injection well 112 is located below horizontal collection well 111 such that when geological repair gas is injected through horizontal gas injection well 112 into the formation of combustible ice in the workspace, the repair gas flows upward to better fill the formation of combustible ice in the workspace to better stabilize the formation.
It will be appreciated that horizontal gas injection well 112 may also be located on one side of horizontal collection well 111, as the repair gas may flow and diffuse when injected into the formation in the operating area where the combustible ice is located. Of course, the horizontal gas injection well 112 may also be disposed above the horizontal collection well 111.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, only one horizontal well 11 may be disposed in the formation where the combustible ice is located, so that the combustible ice is mined by using the horizontal well 11 in the mining operation S102. After the mining operation S103 is stopped, geological remediation gas is injected into the formation where the combustible ice is located in the operation area through the horizontal well 11. Therefore, the arrangement of the horizontal well 11 can be reduced, the cost is reduced, and the mining period is shortened.
In one embodiment, a plurality of horizontal wells 11 may be provided in one working area, so that natural gas generated by the decomposition of combustible ice may be simultaneously produced using the plurality of horizontal wells 11 to improve efficiency. It can be understood that only one horizontal well 11 may be provided in one working area to mine natural gas generated by decomposing combustible ice, and the evaluation setting may be specifically set according to the size of the working area, the storage amount of combustible ice, the mining period setting, and the like.
In one embodiment, the geological repair gas is carbon dioxide, and during geological repair, carbon dioxide is injected into the stratum where the combustible ice is located to form carbon dioxide hydrate so as to realize carbon dioxide sequestration and better stabilize the stratum. Of course, the geological remediation gas can also be nitrogen to reduce cost. Of course, the geological repair gas may also be a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The specific setting can be carried out according to the needs.
In one embodiment, during the repair operation S104, geological repair gas may be intermittently injected into the formation where the combustible ice is located in the operation area until the pressure of the formation where the combustible ice is located in the operation area is restored and maintained stable.
Because when injecting the geological repair gas into the stratum of the combustible ice in the operation area, the repair gas can gradually form hydrate in the stratum, and the pressure in the stratum can be gradually reduced, so that the geological repair gas is injected into the stratum of the combustible ice in the operation area intermittently, and the gas is injected again after the pressure in the stratum is recovered for a period of time until the pressure in the stratum is recovered and kept stable, so that the stratum can be better stabilized, and the geological safety is ensured.
The combustible ice mining method can adopt a depressurization mining method, is high in efficiency and low in failure risk, can monitor the stratum condition in time, stops mining operation in time, repairs geology and is high in safety.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The combustible ice mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
laying equipment: laying a horizontal well, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor in a stratum where combustible ice in an operation area is located;
mining operation: exploiting the combustible ice in the operation area by adopting a depressurization method, and monitoring the geological change of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area; stopping the mining operation when the mining operation reaches a set condition;
repairing operation: and injecting geological repair gas into the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area, and recovering the geological repair gas by using the pressure of the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area.
2. The combustible ice mining method according to claim 1, wherein the setting conditions include:
the natural gas output rate of the operation area is lower than a set value; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the displacement change of the sediments in the stratum where the combustible ice is located in the operation area reaches a set value; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
and the pressure of the place where the combustible ice is located in the operation area is reduced to reach a set value.
3. The combustible ice mining method of claim 1 wherein the equipment laying step further comprises laying a displacement sensor into a formation in the operating zone in which the combustible ice is located.
4. The combustible ice mining method of claim 3 wherein the equipment laying step further comprises: and laying a monitoring well in the stratum where the combustible ice in the operation area is located, and arranging the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor in the monitoring well.
5. The combustible ice mining method of claim 4, wherein the monitoring well is disposed in parallel with the horizontal well.
6. A combustible ice mining method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the horizontal well comprises a horizontal collection well and a horizontal gas injection well, the horizontal collection well being arranged in parallel with the horizontal gas injection well;
the mining operation adopts the horizontal acquisition well to mine the combustible ice in the operation area, and the repairing operation adopts the horizontal gas injection well to inject geological repairing gas into the stratum where the combustible ice in the operation area is located.
7. The method of mining combustible ice of claim 6 wherein the horizontal gas injection well is located below the horizontal collection well.
8. A method for exploiting combustible ice according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein after the exploitation operation is stopped, geological remediation gas is injected into the formation in which the combustible ice is located in the operation zone through the horizontal well.
9. A method of mining combustible ice according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the geological repair gas is carbon dioxide; or, the geological remediation gas is nitrogen; or the geological restoration gas is a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
10. A combustible ice mining method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the equipment laying step is preceded by a block division: and dividing the combustible ice mining area into a plurality of operation areas according to exploration geological conditions.
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