CN114214175A - Dry-type anaerobic fermentation device and method for straws - Google Patents
Dry-type anaerobic fermentation device and method for straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN114214175A CN114214175A CN202111545443.5A CN202111545443A CN114214175A CN 114214175 A CN114214175 A CN 114214175A CN 202111545443 A CN202111545443 A CN 202111545443A CN 114214175 A CN114214175 A CN 114214175A
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Abstract
A dry-type anaerobic fermentation device and method for straws belong to the technical field of biogas generation by anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes in agriculture and animal husbandry. And the outside transport vehicle discharges the excrement into an excrement storage pool for temporary storage, and the excrement is conveyed to the hydrolysis stirring tank through the pump. The loading tool loads the straws into the straw hopper, the straws are conveyed to the straw crusher through the screw conveyor to be crushed, and the crushed straws fall into the hydrolysis stirring tank. The above materials and the reflux biogas slurry are fed into the hydrolysis stirring tank in the following sequence: straw → biogas slurry → fecal sewage → hydrolytic enzyme. And (3) conveying the material subjected to hydrolysis acidification to a solid-liquid separator through a pump, allowing the solid-liquid separated high-solid-content part to fall into a pipeline pulping machine, conveying the prepared paddle-shaped material to a dry anaerobic fermentation tank through a pump, and returning the liquid part subjected to solid-liquid separation to a hydrolysis mixing tank. The method realizes the recycling, harmless and quantitative reduction of crop straws and livestock and poultry manure, realizes no biogas slurry discharge, and shortens the anaerobic fermentation hydraulic retention time from 48 days to about 20 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biogas production by anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes in agriculture and animal husbandry, and relates to a process technology capable of recycling, harmlessly and quantitatively disposing crop straws and livestock and poultry excrement (sewage) without producing biogas slurry. In particular to a dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment device and a dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straws.
Background
The method is characterized in that the yield of straw organic wastes in China is huge, including rice straws, some energy crops, corn straws, wheat straws and the like, the straws are mostly incinerated and smashed to be returned to the field at present, the incineration causes air pollution, and the smashing to be returned to the field causes excessive propagation of soil mixed bacteria and insect eggs, so that the yield of crops is influenced. Therefore, the anaerobic fermentation technology for converting the rich organic matters in the straws into the biogas is taken as an important preparation mode of low-carbon energy, and the attention and the development of the country and related industries are obtained. However, the popularization and application of the method are limited: the method has the advantages that cellulose in the straw is difficult to decompose and long in time; a large amount of biogas slurry (liquid with high ammonium nitrogen content and high COD content) is generated and cannot be treated; the straw has poor fluidity and large power consumption.
Therefore, how to utilize straws for anaerobic fermentation and reduce biogas slurry generation becomes an important research direction. The current study mainly centers on the following 3 points: the dry-type anaerobic fermentation technology for the straws. And the hydraulic retention time of anaerobic fermentation is increased. And the facultative hydrolysis technology.
The invention adopts the technology of straw dry anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas, and provides the following solutions for solving the problems existing in the current straw anaerobic fermentation: the method has the advantages that the difficulty that cellulose in the straw is difficult to decompose and long in time is solved by adding the cellulose hydrolase in the hydrolysis mixing process stage; because the main raw material of the technology is crop straw, the biogas slurry can not generate NH4 +Enrichment, so the whole can be recycled without discharging; according to the technology, the straw pulping process is added between the anaerobic fermentation process stages after the hydrolysis mixing process stage, so that the straw fluidity is improved to a great extent, and the continuous dry type anaerobic fermentation process of the straws is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention develops a brand new technology for producing biogas by dry anaerobic fermentation of straws by depending on a straw pulverizer (c), a mixing hydrolysis tank (c), a straw pulping machine (c), a dry anaerobic fermentation tank (c) and cellulose hydrolase, and the biogas slurry is completely refluxed. The straw crusher (c) can crush the straws into the length (5 mm-15 mm) required by the process; a cellulose hydrolysis microbial inoculum is added in the mixed hydrolysis process, the crystalline structure of a cellulose chain is damaged, the cellulose is promoted to be hydrolyzed and converted into fatty acid and the like, and the methane yield is improved; preparing the fermentation material (TS 25%) into a paddle-shaped material to increase the fluidity through a straw pulping machine after the mixing hydrolysis process, and realizing the continuous and stable operation of a dry anaerobic fermentation tank; the dry anaerobic fermentation tank realizes stable feeding and discharging, high gas yield and low energy consumption.
The invention is suitable for raw materials including straws, feces, kitchen waste, sludge and the like, and the products are biogas (raw material of biogas) and biogas residue (raw material for producing organic fertilizer), thereby realizing comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes.
The biogas slurry is not discharged outside any more, the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic fermentation of the straws can be shortened from 48 days to about 20 days, and the fixed asset investment of the project with the same gas production scale is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A dry-type anaerobic fermentation device for straws is characterized in that a manure storage pool is connected with a mixing hydrolysis tank through a fourth pump (1-4); a straw hopper is connected with a straw crusher by a screw conveyor, an outlet of the straw crusher is connected with a hydrolysis mixing device, the hydrolysis mixing device is connected with a first solid-liquid separator by a fifth pump (1-5), a solid outlet of the first solid-liquid separator is connected with a material inlet of a pulping machine, and the pulping machine is connected with a dry anaerobic fermentation tank by a sixth pump (1-6); a discharge port of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with a second solid-liquid separator through a seventh pump (1-7), and a liquid outlet of the second solid-liquid separator is connected with a hydrolysis mixing device through an eighth pump (1-8); a liquid outlet of the fifth solid-liquid separator is connected with the hydrolysis mixing device, and a solid outlet of the second solid-liquid separator directly discharges biogas residues; the upper part of the mixing hydrolysis tank is connected with a pipeline for adding functional microbial inoculum for cellulose decomposition; a biogas exhaust port and a positive and negative pressure protector (for stabilizing the pressure in the fermentation tank) are arranged on the dry anaerobic fermentation tank;
a manure storage pool (I): used for storing excrement and water content. The excrement storage pool is provided with a heating and heat-preserving device such as a heat-preserving pipe and the like, hot water is conveyed to the heating and heat-preserving device through a first pump (1-1) for heating and heat preservation, the materials are prevented from freezing in winter, and the temperature of the hydrolysis stirring tank is further adjusted.
A manure storage pool (I): used for storing excrement and water content. The design parameters of the underground reinforced concrete structure in the embodiment are as follows:
dimensions (length × width × height): 4m × 4m × 4m, effective volume: 50m3。
A straw pulverizer III: the straw crushing device is used for crushing straws; a large number of tests prove that the unit raw material gas production rate of straws subjected to anaerobic fermentation under the same conditions in the ranges of 5-15 mm in length and 2-3 mm in width after being kneaded and crushed is relatively high, so that the design of the straw crusher adopts a mutually-perpendicular two-stage shearing crushing form, the straws can be subjected to kneading and crushing in the ranges of 5-15 mm in length and 2-3 mm in width, and the uniformity of the particle size of the crushed straws is ensured. The design parameters in the examples are as follows:
treatment capacity: 2 to 3t/h
The treatment effect is as follows: 5-15 mm
Quantity: 1, performing primary washing;
and (4) mixing the hydrolysis tank: is used for hydrolyzing and acidifying the straws. The material hydrolysis reaction is the result of the action of hydrolase in a facultative environment. The hydrolysis process of the mixed hydrolysis tank adopts the following innovative technologies:
(1) the mixing hydrolysis tank is provided with a pipeline pump for adding functional microbial inoculum (the pipeline is provided with a flowmeter) for cellulose decomposition. The functional microbial inoculum for cellulose decomposition can destroy and decompose the straw structure of crops such as wheat, corn, rice and the like. After the straws are subjected to hydrolytic enzyme, aeration and heat preservation treatment, the wax layer on the surfaces of the straws is damaged, the compact physical straws become loose, a large number of fiber bundles are exposed, and the accessibility of cellulose and enzyme is greatly increased, so that the softening and decomposition rates of the straws are effectively accelerated, and the gas production rate of the cellulose in the straws is improved.
(2) The mixed hydrolysis tank IV is provided with a heating device and a heat insulation layer, and hot water is conveyed to the heating device through a second pump 1-2 for heating so as to ensure the constant temperature in the tank and keep the temperature of the mixed hydrolysis tank at 20-25 ℃.
(3) The bottom of the mixing hydrolysis tank is provided with an aeration device. And adjusting the aeration amount according to the amount of the materials added every day to keep the constant dissolved oxygen amount of the fermentation tank, wherein the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 mg/l.
(4) The top and the bottom of the mixing hydrolysis tank are respectively provided with a stirring device, the top is mechanically stirred, the bottom is stirred by vortex, and a turbulent flow state is formed in the tank; prevent top crusting, straw hydrolysis evenly abundant, the ejection of compact is convenient.
(5) The content of solid matters in the mixing hydrolysis tank IV is controlled to be TS 5-8%.
(6) And discharging the materials in the mixing hydrolysis tank IV by adopting an axial flow pump.
The design parameters in the examples are as follows:
size (diameter × height): phi 10m x 6m
Effective volume: 400m3
And (4) TS content: 7 percent of
Quantity: 1 seat
Pulping machine: used for stripping and pulping the hydrolyzed straw cellulose; the straw pulping machine adopts a double-shaft double-pitch spiral structure, the long pitch side feeds materials, then the short pitch side kneads and squeezes through high pressure, the short fibers are peeled off and further torn, and meanwhile, the temperature increase in the pulping process plays a role in damaging the fiber structure.
And an extrusion exhaust device is arranged on the feed side of the pulping machine or before the feeding, and is used for extruding air on the feed side and preventing the air from entering the dry anaerobic fermentation tank. The design parameters in the examples are as follows:
treatment capacity: 8 to 10t/h
Power: 11kw
Quantity: 1, carrying out the following steps.
Dry anaerobic fermentation tank (c): the method is used for producing the biogas by anaerobic fermentation of raw materials. The key equipment of the method has the following control parameter characteristics:
(1) the discharge port of the pulping machine is directly connected with the feed port of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank to ensure that no air enters and the produced methane contains O2The content is less than 0.1 percent.
(2) The material in the tank has good fluidity and low stirring power, and the electricity consumption of the natural gas per cubic meter is 0.17 ℃ on average.
(3) A multi-section heating device or/and a tank wall heating device or/and a heating device for heating materials and the like are/is arranged in the tank, so that the temperature in the tank is ensured to be 57 +/-1 ℃ in the feeding and discharging process; the heating device can convey hot water to the heating device through a third pump (1-3) for heating and heat preservation;
(4) the volume gas production rate is stabilized at 3.8m3/m3D or above.
The dry anaerobic fermentation tank is also provided with detection instruments such as a temperature transmitter, a pressure transmitter, a level meter and the like, the tank top is provided with a positive and negative pressure protector, the internal pressure of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is regulated by the positive and negative pressure protector, and the pressure range is 2.5 kpa-3.0 kpa.
The design parameters in the examples are as follows:
size (diameter × height): phi 5.5m x 50m
Treatment capacity: 40t/d
Volumetric gas production rate of 3.8m3/m3.d
Power: 22kw
Quantity: 1, carrying out the following steps.
Valves are arranged on the pipelines of all the heating devices and are used for controlling the flow of hot water; the biogas pipeline is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with the fire cabinet through a first valve (2-1), and the other branch is connected with the gas cabinet through a second valve (2-1); a third valve (2-3) and a fourth valve (2-4) are arranged in front of and behind (corresponding to the inlet end and the outlet end) the seventh pump (1-7); a sixth valve (2-6) and a fifth valve (2-5) are arranged in front of and behind (corresponding to the inlet end and the outlet end) the eighth pump (1-8);
all the valves and pumps can be connected with a controller, and the controller is used for controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding valves and pumps.
The method for performing dry anaerobic fermentation on straws by adopting the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
discharging the excrement into an excrement storage pool for temporary storage by an external transport vehicle, and conveying the excrement to a mixing hydrolysis tank by a fourth pump; the loading tool loads straw raw materials (crushed by a combine harvester) into a straw hopper II, then conveys the straws to a straw crusher III through a screw conveyor for crushing, and the crushed straws fall into a mixing hydrolysis tank IV; the material which is hydrolyzed and acidified is conveyed to a first solid-liquid separator by a fifth pump (1-5), the high solid content part (TS 25%) separated by the first solid-liquid separator falls into a pulping machine sixth material inlet, wherein the high solid content part TS 25%, and the liquid separated by the first solid-liquid separator directly flows back to a mixing hydrolysis tank; the outlet of the pulping machine is connected with the inlet of a sixth pump, and the fermented materials are conveyed to a dry anaerobic fermentation tank by a sixth pump (1-6); the discharge of fermentation waste materials in the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is conveyed to a second solid-liquid separator through a seventh pump (1-7), solid-liquid separation is carried out, the high solid-containing part, namely biogas residues, is transported outwards to produce organic fertilizer, and the low solid-containing part, namely biogas slurry, is completely refluxed to a mixing hydrolysis tank IV after solid-liquid separation; conveying the biogas generated by the dry anaerobic fermentation tank to a gas cabinet through a pipeline for temporary storage, and then entering subsequent processes (such as decarburization and purification for producing biogas) and the like), wherein the biogas enters a torch for combustion in an emergency;
the specific procedures comprise the following steps:
(1) manure feedstock
The external transport vehicle discharges the excrement into an underground excrement storage pool I, the excrement storage pool I is designed with temporary excrement storage of 4-5 d, and the volume of the excrement storage pool is designed according to daily feeding amount. The temporary storage material of the first fecal sewage pool requires TS 3% -5%, so each transport vehicle tests the TS content, when the fecal sewage of the incoming material is more than TS 5%, the TS 3% -5% is reached by refluxing the biogas slurry or preparing the temporary storage material of the first fecal sewage pool, and a stirring device is started to stir uniformly;
the first pump (1-1) is a hot water pump for heating the excrement pool, so that ice materials are prevented from forming in winter and heat is preserved, and the temperature of the excrement pool is controlled to be 15-20 ℃ (normal temperature in summer).
And (3) conveying the livestock and poultry manure which is prepared into TS 3% -5% to a mixing hydrolysis tank (IV) through a fourth pump (1-4) every day.
The technology can also treat kitchen waste, municipal sludge and the like simultaneously.
(2) Straw crushing and feeding
Straw is loaded into a straw hopper by a loading tool, and then is conveyed to a straw crusher through a screw conveyor, and the crushed straw directly falls into a mixing hydrolysis tank.
The straw is fed in a sequencing batch manner, the straw is fed once every day, and the feeding amount of the straw is controlled by weighing.
The crushing length of the straws is required to be 5-15 mm, and basic parameters (such as the moisture content of the straws and the like) need to be checked every batch of straws.
(3) Mixed hydrolysis
The white office is firstly fed from the mixing hydrolysis tank (the fermentation raw material after hydrolysis) to the dry type anaerobic fermentation tank (the hydrolyzed fermentation raw material) every day, and then fed from the hydrolysis mixing tank (the hydrolyzed material in the hydrolysis mixing tank (the hydrolysis mixing tank)). The feeding sequence of the hydrolysis mixing tank IV is straw feeding → biogas slurry refluxing → fecal sewage feeding; determining the feeding amount of the excrement according to the material position limit position of a hydrolysis stirring tank: the process controller controls the start and stop of the fourth pump (1-4), when the system is started, the fourth pump (1-4) is started to inject excrement into the hydrolysis stirring tank, and when the preset upper limit height of the material level is reached, the fourth pump (1-4) is automatically closed.
After all the feeding of the mixing hydrolysis tank is finished, adding cellulose hydrolase in proportion, simultaneously starting a stirring device of the mixing hydrolysis tank, wherein the hydrolysis process is a facultative reaction, and after the swelling stage of the straws is finished (by time setting), stopping stirring and starting interval aeration;
the hydraulic retention time of the mixed hydrolysis tank (iv) is 24 to 36 hours.
The addition amount of the cellulose hydrolase is as follows: adding 1 kg-10 kg of hydrolase into every 10t of straws.
The mixed hydrolysis tank IV keeps the feeding quantity of TS 7% -8% for 2 days.
The second pump (1-2) is a hot water pump of a water mixing hydrolysis tank IV, which can prevent ice materials from forming and keep warm in winter. The hot water inlet temperature of the mixing hydrolysis tank and the heating device is 65 ℃, and the water outlet temperature is 63 ℃. And controlling the temperature of the mixed hydrolysis tank to be 20-25 ℃ (normal temperature in summer).
(4) Feeding of dry anaerobic fermentation tank
Dry anaerobic fermentation tank (TS 25%) 40.4 t; the material which is hydrolyzed and acidified in the mixing hydrolysis tank IV is conveyed to a material inlet of a first solid-liquid separator V by a fifth pump 1-5, a high solid content part TS 25% after solid-liquid separation falls into a material inlet of a pulping machine V, the pulping machine V is used for pulping the material, and the material is conveyed to a material inlet of a dry anaerobic fermentation tank V by a sixth pump 1-6 to finish the feeding of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank V;
the first solid-liquid separator returns the liquid part to the mixing hydrolysis tank;
(5) anaerobic fermentation in dry anaerobic fermentation tank
The technology adopts a dry anaerobic fermentation process, designs TS25 percent and volume gas production rate more than 3m3/(m3·d)。
The dry anaerobic fermentation tank adopts high-temperature anaerobic fermentation,the temperature is 55 +/-1 ℃, the hydraulic retention time is 20d, and the volumetric gas production rate is 3.5m3/(m3D), a pot pressure of 3 kpa.
And after the feeding is finished every day, feeding 20% of fermentation waste (material for finishing 20d fermentation) from the tail part of the dry type anaerobic fermentation tank to the front part of the dry type anaerobic fermentation tank. The material backflow effect: and supplementing new feed anaerobic strains.
The dry anaerobic fermentation tank has the following functions of continuous stirring: uniformly mixing anaerobic bacteria and materials, pushing the materials, uniformly heating and preserving heat and the like.
The third pump (1-3) is a hot water pump of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank, and the temperature in the anaerobic fermentation tank is ensured to be 55 +/-1 ℃. The dry anaerobic fermentation tank has hot water inlet temperature of 65 ℃ and hot water outlet temperature of 63 ℃ of the heating device.
The pressure inside the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is kept at 2.5-3 kpa, and the positive pressure inside the tank mainly plays the role of biogas discharge and positive pressure protection; the dry anaerobic fermentation tank comprises a positive and negative pressure protector which regulates the pressure in the tank to be not negative and to exceed 3 kpa.
(6) Discharge of dry anaerobic fermentation tank
The fermented waste materials after fermentation in the dry anaerobic fermentation tank are discharged every day (the discharge amount is 35.47t/d, TS15.42 percent), the fermented waste materials are spirally conveyed out of the tank through a discharge port, fall into a feed port of a seventh pump (1-7), and are conveyed to a feed port of a second solid-liquid separator through the seventh pump (1-7), biogas residues after solid-liquid separation (14.78t/d, TS30 percent) are conveyed outwards to be used as organic fertilizer production raw materials, and biogas slurry after solid-liquid separation (20.69t/d, TS5 percent) does not generate NH3+NH4 +And enrichment is carried out, so that the whole can be recycled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a straw dry anaerobic fermentation technology of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the material balance of a dry anaerobic fermentation technique of straw (example 1).
In the figure: the system comprises a feces storage pool, a straw hopper, a straw crusher, a water mixing and decomposing tank, a first solid-liquid separator, a pulping machine, a dry type anaerobic fermentation tank, a positive and negative pressure protector and a nintendo second solid-liquid separator. 1-1 first pump, 1-2 second pump, 1-3 third pump, 1-4 fourth pump, 1-5 fifth pump, 1-6 sixth pump, 1-7 seventh pump, 1-8 eighth pump, 2-1 first valve, 2-2 second valve, 2-3 third valve, 2-4 fourth valve, 2-5 fifth valve and 2-6 sixth valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
this example is a pilot scale platform of this design, scale: one set of dry anaerobic fermentation device, the methane yield is 3500m3/d～3800m3/d。
Firstly, an external transport vehicle discharges pig manure (TS 3-5%) into an underground manure storage pool (length 4m, width 4m, depth 4m, effective volume 48m3) The daily feeding amount is 10.9t, and the excrement amount can be temporarily stored for 4-5 d. And before feeding, starting a stirring device to stir uniformly. The hot water inlet temperature of the septic tank is 65 ℃, the water outlet temperature is 63 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃ (the normal temperature in summer).
And testing the TS content, VS content, impurity content and the like of the straws before feeding the corn straws. The feeding amount of the straws is 10t/d every day, the crushing and feeding time is 3-5 h, the crushing length of the straws is 5-15 mm, and the feeding is weighed.
The straw is fed in a sequencing batch mode, and is fed once after being discharged from the hydrolysis mixing tank every day.
And feeding the dry anaerobic fermentation tank with the feed amount of 40t/d and TS 25% every day. And (3) conveying the material subjected to hydrolytic acidification in the hydrolytic mixing tank to a feed inlet of a solid-liquid separator through a pump, allowing the solid-liquid separated high-solid content part (TS 25%) to fall into a feed inlet of a pulping machine, pulping the material by the pulping machine, and conveying the material to the feed inlet of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank through the pump to finish feeding of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank.
After solid-liquid separation, the liquid part flows back to the hydrolysis mixing tank.
And fourthly, feeding the dry anaerobic fermentation tank and then feeding the hydrolysis mixing tank. Feeding the hydrolysis mixing tank with straws: 10t/d, TS 85%; then biogas slurry reflux: 20.69t/d, TS 3%; last fecal sewageFeeding: 10.9t/d, TS 5%. Effective volume of hydrolysis stirring tank is 400m3(phi 10m is multiplied by 5.5m), the upper limit of the material position is 4.5m, and the lower limit is 1 m. The feeding amount of the hydrolysis mixing tank is kept for 2 days, the hydraulic retention time is 24-36 h, and the TS is 7.5%.
After all the materials are fed, starting a stirring device of the hydrolysis mixing tank, stopping stirring after 5 hours of swelling, adding 6.5kg of hydrolase, starting aeration at intervals, and keeping the interval for 4 hours.
The hot water inlet temperature of the hydrolysis mixing tank is 65 ℃, the water outlet temperature is 63 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ (the normal temperature in summer).
Fifthly, a high-temperature anaerobic fermentation process is adopted for dry-type anaerobic fermentation, the temperature is 55 +/-1 ℃, the hydraulic retention time is 20d, and the volume gas production rate is 3.5m3/d.m3And the pressure in the tank is 3 kpa.
After the dry anaerobic fermentation tank finishes feeding, the fermentation waste material flows back from the tail part to 8t (the feeding amount is 20 percent) every day.
The dry anaerobic fermentation tank adopts continuous stirring.
The hot water inlet temperature of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is 65 ℃, the water outlet temperature is 63 ℃, and the temperature is controlled to be 55 +/-1 ℃.
The pressure in the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is kept between 2.5kpa and 3 kpa.
Sixthly, discharging fermentation waste amount of 35.47t/d and TS 15.42% outside the dry anaerobic fermentation tank every day, spirally conveying the fermentation waste amount to the outside of the tank through a discharge hole, conveying the biogas residue amount separated by a solid-liquid separator to 14.78t/d and TS 30% as organic fertilizer production raw materials, and recycling the biogas slurry amount of 20.69t/d and TS 3% after solid-liquid separation.
Claims (9)
1. A dry-type anaerobic fermentation device for straws is characterized in that a manure storage pool is connected with a mixing hydrolysis tank through a fourth pump (1-4); a straw hopper is connected with a straw crusher by a screw conveyor, an outlet of the straw crusher is connected with a hydrolysis mixing device, the hydrolysis mixing device is connected with a first solid-liquid separator by a fifth pump (1-5), a solid outlet of the first solid-liquid separator is connected with a material inlet of a pulping machine, and the pulping machine is connected with a dry anaerobic fermentation tank by a sixth pump (1-6); a discharge port of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with a second solid-liquid separator through a seventh pump (1-7), and a liquid outlet of the second solid-liquid separator is connected with a hydrolysis mixing device through an eighth pump (1-8); a liquid outlet of the fifth solid-liquid separator is connected with the hydrolysis mixing device, and a solid outlet of the second solid-liquid separator directly discharges biogas residues; the upper part of the mixing hydrolysis tank is connected with a pipeline for adding functional microbial inoculum for cellulose decomposition; the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is provided with a biogas exhaust port and a positive and negative pressure protector.
2. The dry type anaerobic fermentation device for straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manure storage tank (r): the method is used for storing the excrement and the water content; the excrement storage pool is provided with a heating and heat-preserving device, and hot water is conveyed to the heating and heat-preserving device through a first pump (1-1) for heating and heat preservation.
3. The dry anaerobic straw fermentation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw pulverizer (c): the straw crushing device is used for crushing straws; the two-stage shearing and crushing mode which is vertical to each other is adopted, so that the length of the straw can be within the range of 5-15 mm and the width of the straw is within the range of 2-3 mm after the straw is kneaded and crushed, and the uniformity of the particle size of the crushed raw material is ensured.
4. The dry type anaerobic fermentation device for straw according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing hydrolysis tank (iv): the method is used for hydrolyzing and acidifying the straws; the mixing hydrolysis tank is provided with a pipeline pump for adding functional microbial inoculum for cellulose decomposition; the mixed hydrolysis tank is provided with a heating device and a heat insulation layer, and hot water is conveyed to the heating device through a second pump (1-2) for heating so as to ensure the constant temperature in the tank and keep the temperature of the mixed hydrolysis tank at 20-25 ℃; the bottom of the mixing hydrolysis tank is provided with an aeration device. Adjusting aeration quantity according to the amount of materials added every day to keep constant dissolved oxygen in the fermentation tank, wherein the dissolved oxygen is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 mg/l; the top and the bottom of the mixing hydrolysis tank are respectively provided with a stirring device, the top is mechanically stirred, the bottom is stirred by vortex, and a turbulent flow state is formed in the tank; prevent top crusting, straw hydrolysis evenly abundant, the ejection of compact is convenient.
5. The dry anaerobic straw fermentation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulping machine comprises: used for stripping and pulping the hydrolyzed straw cellulose; the straw pulping machine adopts a double-shaft double-pitch spiral structure, the long pitch side feeds materials, then the long pitch side enters the short pitch side to be kneaded and extruded under high pressure, short fibers are peeled off and further torn, and meanwhile, the temperature increase in the pulping process plays a role in damaging the fiber structure;
and an extrusion exhaust device is arranged on the feed side of the pulping machine or before the feeding, and is used for extruding air on the feed side and preventing the air from entering the dry anaerobic fermentation tank.
6. The dry anaerobic straw fermentation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dry anaerobic fermentation tank comprises: the material outlet of the pulping machine is directly connected with the material inlet of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank; a multi-section heating device or/and a tank wall heating device or/and a heating device for heating materials is/are arranged in the tank, and the heating device can convey hot water to the heating device through a third pump (1-3) for heating and heat preservation; the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is also provided with detection instruments such as a temperature transmitter, a pressure transmitter, a level meter and the like, the tank top is provided with a positive and negative pressure protector, the internal pressure of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is regulated by the positive and negative pressure protector, and the pressure range is 2.5 kpa-3.0 kpa.
7. A dry anaerobic straw fermentation apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein all the pipes of the heating means are provided with valves for controlling the flow of hot water; the biogas pipeline is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with the fire cabinet through a first valve (2-1), and the other branch is connected with the gas cabinet through a second valve (2-1); a third valve (2-3) and a fourth valve (2-4) are arranged in front of and behind the seventh pump (1-7), namely corresponding to the inlet end and the outlet end; a sixth valve (2-6) and a fifth valve (2-5) are arranged in front of and behind the eighth pump (1-8), namely corresponding to the inlet end and the outlet end;
all the valves and pumps can be connected with a controller, and the controller is used for controlling the opening and closing of the corresponding valves and pumps.
8. The method for dry-type anaerobic fermentation of straws by using the dry-type anaerobic fermentation device for straws as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
discharging the excrement into an excrement storage pool for temporary storage by an external transport vehicle, and conveying the excrement to a mixing hydrolysis tank by a fourth pump; the loading tool loads straw raw materials into a straw hopper, then the straws are conveyed to a straw crusher through a screw conveyor to be crushed, and the crushed straws fall into a mixing hydrolysis tank; the material which is hydrolyzed and acidified is conveyed to a first solid-liquid separator by a fifth pump (1-5), the separated high solid content part of the first solid-liquid separator falls into a material inlet of a pulping machine, wherein the TS 25% of the high solid content part, and the separated liquid of the first solid-liquid separator directly flows back to a mixing hydrolysis tank; the outlet of the pulping machine is connected with the inlet of a sixth pump, and the fermented materials are conveyed to a dry anaerobic fermentation tank by a sixth pump (1-6); the discharge of fermentation waste materials in the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is conveyed to a second solid-liquid separator through a seventh pump (1-7), solid-liquid separation is carried out, the high solid-containing part, namely biogas residues, is transported outwards to produce organic fertilizer, and the low solid-containing part, namely biogas slurry, is completely refluxed to a mixing hydrolysis tank IV after solid-liquid separation; and (3) conveying the generated biogas to a gas holder through a pipeline for temporary storage, and then entering a subsequent process, wherein the biogas enters a torch for combustion in an emergency.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the specific process steps include the following:
(1) manure feedstock
The external transport vehicle discharges the excrement into an underground excrement storage pool I, the excrement storage pool I is designed with temporary excrement storage of 4-5 d, and the volume of the excrement storage pool is designed according to daily feeding amount. The temporary storage material of the first fecal sewage pool requires TS 3% -5%, so each transport vehicle tests the TS content, when the fecal sewage of the incoming material is more than TS 5%, the TS 3% -5% is reached by refluxing the biogas slurry or preparing the temporary storage material of the first fecal sewage pool, and a stirring device is started to stir uniformly;
the first pump (1-1) is a hot water pump for heating the excrement pool, so that ice materials are prevented from forming in winter and heat is preserved, and the temperature of the excrement pool is controlled to be 15-20 ℃ (normal temperature in summer).
Delivering the livestock and poultry manure which is prepared to TS 3% -5% to a mixing hydrolysis tank (IV) through a fourth pump (1-4) every day;
(2) straw crushing and feeding
Straw is loaded into a straw hopper by a loading tool, and then is conveyed to a straw crusher and a feeding port by a screw conveyor, and the crushed straw directly falls into a mixing hydrolysis tank;
the straw is fed in a sequencing batch manner, the straw is fed once every day, and the feeding amount of the straw is controlled by weighing.
The crushing length of the straws is required to be 5-15 mm, and basic parameters including the moisture content of the straws need to be checked every batch of straws;
(3) mixed hydrolysis
The white office is fed from a mixing hydrolysis tank (IV) to a dry anaerobic fermentation tank (IV) every day, and then is fed from a hydrolysis mixing tank (IV); the feeding sequence of the hydrolysis mixing tank IV is straw feeding → biogas slurry refluxing → fecal sewage feeding; determining the feeding amount of the excrement according to the material position limit position of a hydrolysis stirring tank: the process controller controls the start and stop of the fourth pump (1-4), when the system is started, the fourth pump (1-4) is started to inject excrement into the hydrolysis stirring tank, and when the preset upper limit height of the material level is reached, the fourth pump (1-4) is automatically closed;
after all the feeding of the mixing hydrolysis tank is finished, adding cellulose hydrolase in proportion, simultaneously starting a stirring device of the mixing hydrolysis tank, wherein the hydrolysis process is a facultative reaction, and after the swelling stage of the straws is finished (by time setting), stopping stirring and starting interval aeration;
the hydraulic retention time of the mixed hydrolysis tank (IV) is 24 to 36 hours;
the addition amount of the cellulose hydrolase is as follows: adding 1 kg-10 kg of hydrolase into every 10t of straws;
keeping the feeding amount of 2 days in the mixing hydrolysis tank IV, and keeping TS 7-8%;
the second pump (1-2) is a hot water pump of a water mixing hydrolysis tank IV, prevents ice materials from forming in winter and keeps the temperature, and the temperature of the mixing hydrolysis tank IV is controlled to be 20-25 ℃ and is normal temperature in summer;
(4) feeding of dry anaerobic fermentation tank
The dry anaerobic fermentation tank contains 40.4t of feeding amount TS 25% every day; the material which is hydrolyzed and acidified in the mixing hydrolysis tank IV is conveyed to a material inlet of a first solid-liquid separator V by a fifth pump 1-5, the high solid content part TS25 after solid-liquid separation falls into a material inlet of a pulping machine V, the pulping machine V is used for pulping the material, and the material is conveyed to a material inlet of a dry anaerobic fermentation tank V by a sixth pump 1-6 to finish the feeding of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank V;
the first solid-liquid separator returns the liquid part to the mixing hydrolysis tank;
(5) anaerobic fermentation in dry anaerobic fermentation tank
Adopts dry anaerobic fermentation process, designs TS 25%, and volume gas production rate > 3m3/(m3·d)；
The dry anaerobic fermentation tank adopts high-temperature anaerobic fermentation at 55 +/-1 ℃, the hydraulic retention time is 20d, and the volume gas production rate is 3.5m3/(m3D), a pot pressure of 3 kpa;
and (4) refluxing 20% of fermentation waste from the tail part of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank to the front part of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank after the feeding is finished every day. The material backflow effect: supplementing new feed anaerobic strains;
the dry anaerobic fermentation tank adopts continuous stirring;
the third pump (1-3) is a hot water pump of a dry anaerobic fermentation tank, and the temperature in the anaerobic fermentation tank is ensured to be 55 +/-1 ℃;
the pressure inside the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is kept at 2.5-3 kpa, and the positive pressure inside the tank mainly plays the role of biogas discharge and positive pressure protection; the dry anaerobic fermentation tank comprises a positive and negative pressure protector which regulates the pressure in the tank to be not negative and to exceed 3 kpa;
(6) discharge of dry anaerobic fermentation tank
Discharging fermented waste materials of the dry anaerobic fermentation tank every day, wherein TS15.42 percent is spirally conveyed to the outside of the tank through a discharge port, falls into a feeding port of a seventh pump (1-7), is conveyed to a feeding port of a second solid-liquid separator through the seventh pump (1-7), and is subjected to solid-liquid separationThe biogas residues are externally sent as organic fertilizer production raw materials, the biogas residues TS 30%, and NH is not generated in the biogas slurry after solid-liquid separation3+NH4 +Enrichment and total reuse, namely biogas slurry TS 5%.
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