CN114205987A - Extraction method and device after particle separation of synchrotron - Google Patents
Extraction method and device after particle separation of synchrotron Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a particle extraction method for a synchrotron, wherein a preset number of particles or a second beam group consisting of the preset number of particles are longitudinally separated from a first beam group by manipulating a longitudinal phase space through a preset signal, and then the particles or the second beam group to be extracted are extracted from a circular track of the synchrotron by an electrostatic deflector or a shock magnet and the electrostatic deflector. The present invention also relates to a particle extraction device for a synchrotron, comprising: a control unit adapted to longitudinally separate a preset number of particles within the circular orbit of the synchrotron by setting a pulse signal; and an electrostatic deflector and, if necessary, a striker magnet adapted to guide the separated predetermined number of particles out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for leading out particles of a synchrotron after separation and also relates to a corresponding device for leading out a beam group of the synchrotron.
Background
The synchrotron is a device which makes charged particles move along a fixed circular orbit under the control of magnetic field force in high vacuum and continuously accelerate (raise energy) under the action of the electric field force to reach high energy. In order to maintain the stable particle orbit in the energy increasing process, the synchrotron needs to keep the magnetic field amplitude and the electric field frequency to change synchronously with the particle energy, and finally the particle beam is led out to provide various particle beams and radiation rays for the fields of basic scientific research, clinical medicine and industrial production.
With the increasing demand and research on the end application of the extracted particle beam, especially in the three-dimensional point scanning of cancer treatment, the problems of secondary particle generation and larger residual radiation are solved by using a shielding body to carry out conformal irradiation on multi-energy slow extraction. If multi-energy fast extraction can be realized, the beam application convenience of the synchrotron is better.
At present, in the field of multi-Energy fast extraction, the Malaysia atomic institution and the Japanese research center for high Energy accelerators (KEK) have proposed a method for continuous Energy extraction fast cycling and published the simulation results of the method (Leo, Kwee & Takayama, Ken & Adachi, Tetsuo & Kawakubo, Tadamicihi & Dixit, Tanuja. (2020). ESCORT: Energy sweet exact cycling loop thermal. AIP Conference proceedings.2295.020015.10.1063/5.0031618.). The method utilizes the phase of adjusting the potential well voltage and the accelerating voltage of the induction accelerator to ensure that particles overflow from a longitudinal phase stable region, the momentum dispersion of the particles is increased after the particles overflow, the separation of the particles in the momentum dispersion direction in a longitudinal phase space is realized, a larger dispersion function is arranged on an extraction section due to the magnetic focusing structure design (lattice design), at the moment, the particles with larger momentum dispersion enter an extraction electrostatic field to be kicked out of a ring due to the transverse-longitudinal coupling effect, and because each ring of the particles is still accelerated, the energy of the particles extracted from each ring is slowly increased, so that the continuous energy extraction is realized, and the continuous depth scanning of the tumor can be realized by matching with the three-dimensional point scanning at the rear end.
The method only continuously extracts the particle beam overflowing from the longitudinal phase stable region, and cannot arbitrarily extract a particle beam group with specific energy and containing a specific quantity according to the requirement of the particle energy level.
The present applicant proposed a device and a method for dividing a small beam cluster from a synchrotron beam in chinese patent application (application No. 202111151481.2) entitled "a method and a device for separating a beam cluster", which was filed on 29/09/29/2021, and which uses a pulse signal instead of a radio frequency wave to manipulate a beam stream longitudinal phase space and thereby obtain a longitudinally separated small beam cluster.
Therefore, a method that can rapidly extract longitudinally separated small clusters with controllable energy and controllable particle quantity is desired.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above technical problem, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for extracting particles from a synchrotron is provided. The particle extraction method of the synchrotron comprises the following steps: a second cluster composed of a predetermined number of particles longitudinally separated from the first cluster by manipulating a longitudinal phase space by a predetermined signal; kicking the second bunch to be led out of the annular track of the synchrotron by using a shock magnet; changing the energy or phase of a third beam cluster formed after a preset number of particles are separated from the first beam cluster into a new first beam cluster, then longitudinally separating a new second beam cluster consisting of a preset number of particles from the first beam cluster again, then kicking the new second beam cluster out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by using the impact magnet, and continuously repeating the steps to realize continuous extraction of the second beam cluster, thereby being capable of rapidly extracting particles with specific energy at high frequency.
Preferably, the preset signal is a preset pulse signal (e.g., a square wave, a triangular wave, a trapezoidal wave, etc.), and the preset pulse signal includes: a first potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a first preset pulse width1And a third potential well voltage V3(ii) a A fourth potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a second preset pulse width4And a fifth potential well voltage V5(ii) a Wherein the first potential well voltage V1The third potential well voltage V3The fourth potential well voltage V4The fifth potential well voltage V5The phases of the first and second clusters are sequentially increased and respectively act on a first end and a second end of a first region where a third cluster formed by the first cluster after a preset number of particles are separated, and a first end and a second end of a second region where the second cluster is located, wherein the second end of the first region is adjacent to the first end of the second region.
According toIn a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second cluster can be formed by particles flowing out of the first cluster to a second region outside the first region. In this case, the step of longitudinally separating a second cluster composed of a predetermined number of particles from the first cluster includes: opening the first potential well voltage V1And said third potential well voltage V3And for a first preset time period to stabilize the first cluster in the first region, wherein the acceleration voltage V for changing energy is applied throughout the first region for all or part of the first preset time periodac(ii) a Turn off the accelerating voltage VacMaintaining the first potential well voltage V1Turning off the third potential well voltage V in an open state3While simultaneously turning on the fifth potential well voltage V5Continuing for a second preset time period to enable a preset number of particles of the first cluster to flow out of the first region to the second region outside the first region; opening the third potential well voltage V3And said fourth potential well voltage V4And continuing for a third preset time length to enable the second area to form a stable second beam group.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second cluster can be formed from particles in a second region, which is subdivided from the first region in which the first cluster is located. In this case, the step of longitudinally separating a second cluster composed of a predetermined number of particles from the first cluster includes: opening the first potential well voltage V1And said fifth potential well voltage V5And lasting for a fourth preset time period to stabilize the first cluster in the first region and the second region, wherein the acceleration voltage V for changing energy is applied to the whole first region and the whole second region in the whole or part of the fourth preset time periodacWherein a preset number of particles of the first beam bunch are received within the second area within the first area within the fourth preset duration; turn off the accelerating voltage VacMaintaining the first potential well voltage V1The fifth potential well voltage V5In an on state, the third potential well voltage V is turned on3And said fourth potential well voltage V4And lasting for a fifth preset time period to enable the second area to form a stable second beam group.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particles in the new second region defined by the above-mentioned potential well voltages of the preset phase can be simultaneously displaced in bulk to form a new second cluster. In this case, the step of longitudinally separating a second cluster composed of a predetermined number of particles from the first cluster includes: opening the first potential well voltage V1The third potential well voltage V3And stabilizing the first cluster in the first region for a sixth preset time period, wherein an acceleration voltage V for changing energy is applied to the whole first region in the whole or part of the sixth preset time periodac(ii) a Opening the fourth potential well voltage V4And said fifth potential well voltage V5Turning off the accelerating voltage VacThen the first potential well voltage V is applied1The third potential well voltage V3The fourth potential well voltage V4And said fifth potential well voltage V5Instantaneously or slowly and integrally translating the preset phase to make the potential well voltages reach a new phase with the same phase difference, so that the potential well voltage V is converted into the fourth potential well voltage V4And said fifth potential well voltage V5The new defined second area contains a preset number of particles; maintaining the fourth potential well voltage V4And said fifth potential well voltage V5And lasting for a seventh preset time period to enable the second area to form a stable second beam group. At this time, the potential well voltage V is controlled1、V3The new first region is defined while capturing a new first cluster.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synchrotron particle extraction method for extracting a preset number of particles from a synchrotron. The difference with the first aspect of the invention is that particles are kicked out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron directly, rather than in the form of bunches. The particle extraction method of the synchrotron comprises the following steps: forming a first region with different density of equal potential lines of Hamiltonian by adjusting the potential well voltage amplitude and pulse width of preset pulse signalAnd a second region, wherein the particles in the second region are kicked out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by the impact magnet, while the particles in the first region remain in the circular orbit of the synchrotron; when the second area contains a preset number of particles, kicking the particles in the second area out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by using a shock magnet; wherein the preset pulse signal includes: a first potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a first preset pulse width1And a third potential well voltage V3(ii) a A fourth potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a second preset pulse width4And a fifth potential well voltage V5(ii) a Wherein the first potential well voltage V1The third potential well voltage V3The fourth potential well voltage V4The fifth potential well voltage V5The phases of the first and second regions are sequentially increased and respectively act on the first and second ends of the first and second regions, wherein the second end of the first region is adjacent to the first end of the second region.
Preferably, the particle density of the second region is lower than the particle density of the first region. However, it would not depart from the spirit and teachings of the present invention if the particle density of the second region were set higher than the particle density of the first region.
Preferably, the preset pulse signal further includes an acceleration voltage VacSaid acceleration voltage VacApplied to the first area or to both the first area and the second area.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of forming the first region and the second region having different particle densities by adjusting the potential well voltage amplitude and the pulse width of the preset pulse signal includes: adjusting the first potential well voltage V1The third potential well voltage V3The fourth potential well voltage V4The fifth potential well voltage V5And an accelerating voltage VacUntil the particles of the second region form two regions of different densities in the longitudinal phase-space phase direction with the particles of the first region. The so-called adjustment isTo form a first region and a second region separated by a longitudinal phase space of the particles, the potential well voltages V are respectively set1、V3、V4And V5And an accelerating voltage VacThe method can be flexibly selected for use (namely respectively designed to be opened and closed according to requirements), and the amplitude and the phase range of the method can be adjusted, so that the density and the phase range of different areas can be adjusted. For example, the first potential well voltage V is turned on1A fourth potential well voltage V4Turning off the third potential well voltage V3And a fifth potential well voltage V5Opening the accelerating voltage VacAnd adjusting the accelerating voltage V according to the energy of the particles desired to be kicked from the second regionacUntil the particles of the second region are spatially separated from the particles of the first region in a longitudinal direction. Instead of switching off, the acceleration voltage V may be switched on instead of switching offacAnd adjusting said accelerating voltage V according to the energy of the particles desired to be kicked from said second regionacUntil the particles of the second region are spatially separated from the particles of the first region in a longitudinal direction. More preferably, the potential well voltages V are not simply turned on or off1、V3、V4And V5But their amplitude and pulse width are suitably adjusted to form a first region and a second region where the particles are spatially separated in the longitudinal direction. At the same time, the acceleration voltage V can be adjustedacThe amplitude and pulse width of the pulse obtain the corresponding particle energy.
Preferably, the step of kicking the particles of the second region out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by the impact magnet comprises: when the particle density of the second region reaches a preset value and the second region contains a preset number of particles, the fifth potential well voltage V is opened5And lasting for a ninth preset time to form a stable second cluster in the second area; then, the second bunch is kicked out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by a shock magnet.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synchrotron particle extraction device characterized by comprising: a control unit adapted to longitudinally separate a preset number of particles within a circular track of the synchrotron by setting a pulse signal; and an electrostatic deflector adapted to draw out the particles having the lateral deviation, wherein the control unit is further adapted to change the energy or phase of the particles by setting the pulse signal such that a predetermined number of the particles can be again separated longitudinally and kicked out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by the impact magnet. Thereby, a repetitive extraction of particles for a specific energy is achieved. Obviously, the energy of the particles can be changed every time, and multi-energy-level particle extraction can be realized.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the synchrotron particle extraction device further comprises a striker magnet adapted to kick the separated predetermined number of particles out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is further adapted to longitudinally separate a second cluster containing a predetermined number of particles from the first cluster in the circular path of the synchrotron by setting a pulse signal, the second cluster having a predetermined number of particles and being kicked out by the striker magnet or being jointly drawn out of the circular path of the synchrotron by the striker magnet and the electrostatic deflector.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is adapted to generate the second beam cluster in a second region outside the first region in which the first beam cluster is located by setting a pulse signal.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is adapted to generate the second beam cluster in a second region within the first region in which the first beam cluster is located by setting a pulse signal.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is adapted to form a new second beam cluster in the second region shifted by the preset phase by setting the pulse signal.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is further adapted to form two regions with different particle densities by setting the pulse signal such that a predetermined number of particles can be collected in one of the regions and be ejected by the impact magnet or kicked out of the circular path of the synchrotron jointly drawn out of the impact magnet and the electrostatic deflector.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is further adapted to apply an acceleration voltage V in one of the regionsacSaid acceleration voltage VacThe negative value of the magnetic field causes the momentum dispersion of the particles in the two regions with different particle densities to generate difference, so that the particles are deflected in the transverse direction under the action of transverse-longitudinal coupling, and a preset number of particles can be led out by the electrostatic deflector or directly and transversely kicked out by the impact magnet.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control unit is further adapted to control the particle density of the particles by turning on or off the potential well voltage V on both sides of the two regions having different particle densities, respectively1、V3、V4、V5And the acceleration voltage VacOr adjusting the potential well voltage V1、V3、V4、V5And the acceleration voltage VacUntil the particles of the two regions of different particle density are spatially separated in the longitudinal phase.
Therefore, the invention provides a method and a device for separating and generating small bunches in the phase direction of the longitudinal phase space and rapidly extracting the small bunches or directly kicking out non-agglomerated particles by using an impact magnet after generating areas with different densities, and the small bunches with changed energy can be obtained by combining the operation of changing the energy. The extracted small bunches can be obtained for multiple times; meanwhile, the variable energy fast extraction can be realized, and a series of small bunches with different energies are generated by using a synchrotron in a short time; the particle number of the small beam group can be controlled, and a better application scene is provided for the synchrotron in the aspect of beam terminal application.
Drawings
Embodiments of the present invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a pulse signal employed in a synchrotron particle extraction method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 schematically shows a beam longitudinal motion stability region (bucket) when a completely longitudinally separated small beam cluster is generated by a pulse signal in the synchrotron particle extraction method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3A schematically shows the longitudinal phase spatial distribution of a beam before a beamlet "bleeds" from a first region to a second region outside the first region in a synchrotron particle extraction method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3B schematically shows the longitudinal phase-space distribution of a beam after a beamlet "bleeds" from a first region to a second region outside the first region in a synchrotron particle extraction method in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4A schematically illustrates the longitudinal phase spatial distribution of the beam before "cutting" out a beamlet in a first region in a synchrotron particle extraction method according to the present invention;
FIG. 4B schematically shows the longitudinal phase spatial distribution of the beam after "cutting" out a small cluster in a first region in a synchrotron particle extraction method according to the invention;
fig. 5A schematically shows the beam longitudinal motion stabilization region distribution before shifting the potential well voltages in the synchrotron particle extraction method according to the present invention;
fig. 5B schematically shows the beam longitudinal motion stability region distribution after shifting the potential well voltages in the synchrotron particle extraction method according to the present invention;
fig. 6A schematically shows the beam longitudinal phase space distribution before shifting the potential well voltages in the synchrotron particle extraction method according to the present invention;
fig. 6B schematically shows the beam longitudinal phase space distribution after shifting the potential well voltages in the synchrotron particle extracting method according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a beam longitudinal motion stability region after generation of small clusters of longitudinal density separation by a pulse signal in a synchrotron particle extraction method according to the present invention;
fig. 8 schematically shows the longitudinal phase space after generation of longitudinal density separated beamlets by a pulsed signal in a synchrotron particle extraction method according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a particle extraction method of a synchrotron. The method comprises the steps of firstly operating a longitudinal phase space through a preset signal to longitudinally separate a second cluster consisting of a preset number of particles from a first cluster, and then kicking the second cluster to be led out of a circular track of the synchrotron by using a shock magnet.
And after the second cluster is kicked out of the circular track of the synchrotron, changing the energy or the phase of a third cluster formed by separating a preset number of particles from the first cluster to form a new first cluster, then longitudinally separating a new second cluster consisting of a preset number of particles from the first cluster again, then kicking the new second cluster out of the circular track of the synchrotron by using an impact magnet, and continuously repeating the step to realize the continuous leading-out of the second cluster.
Typically, a pulsed square wave is used to replace a radio frequency wave to manipulate the longitudinal phase space of the beam current, so as to obtain longitudinally separated small clusters, and the number of particles contained in the small clusters is further accurately controlled by combining the results of beam current online measurement obtained by a Fast Current Transformer (FCT). Here, the preset signal is a preset pulse signal, and includes: a first potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a first preset pulse width1And a third potential well voltage V3(ii) a A fourth potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a second preset pulse width4And a fifth potential well voltage V5(ii) a Wherein the first potential well voltage V1The third potential well voltage V3The fourth potential well voltage V4The fifth potential well voltage V5The phases of the first and second clusters are sequentially increased and respectively act on the first end and the second end of a first region where a third cluster formed by separating a preset number of particles from the first cluster is located and the first end and the second end of a second region where the second cluster is located, wherein the second end of the first region and the first end of the second region are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the third regionThe ends are adjacent.
For example, the pulsed square wave is mainly composed of an accelerating voltage VacAnd potential well voltage Vbb1、Vbb2Composition, acceleration voltage pulse width is delta phi1The phase width reserved for the small cluster is delta phi2Potential well voltage pulse width of phipulse1And phipulse2The square waveform is as follows:
acceleration voltage V for changing energyacThe amplitude of (a) is required to match the rising or falling rate of the dipolar iron (or the hexa-grade iron), and can be determined according to
A determination is made, where C represents the synchronizer ring circumference,
the rate of change of the intensity of the dipole iron is shown and ρ is the deflection radius under the action of the dipole iron. The variation of the square waveform of the pulse within one convolution period is shown in fig. 1. Here, V1Corresponds to-Vbb1；V2I.e. the acceleration voltage VacAcceleration voltage VacThe sign of the beam current is determined according to the acceleration or deceleration of the beam current, namely, the specific condition of changing energy is determined (the energy rising is positive acceleration voltage, and the energy falling is negative acceleration voltage); v3Corresponds to Vbb1；V4Corresponds to-Vbb2(ii) a V5 corresponds to Vbb2；V6The negative voltage adopted for avoiding saturation phenomenon of the magnetic core of the magnetic alloy cavity in practical application is used for offsetting the accelerating voltage VacIs positive.
The Hamiltonian under the square wave (sum of kinetic energies of all particles plus potential energy of particles associated with the system) is:
where φ' represents the phase range to be integrated, ω0Representing the angular frequency of the cyclotron motion of the particle, Δ E representing the energy deviation of the particle, η representing the slip phase factor of the synchrotron, β representing the relativistic velocity factor of the particle, and E representing the total energy of the particle.
In an exemplary embodiment, when the pulse signal of the present application example is a pulse square wave, the pulse square wave is a square pulse wave occupying a longer phase, and a relatively flat area exists in a longitudinal motion stable region obtained by calculation of a hamiltonian, which is beneficial to reducing the density of beam cluster particles and weakening the space charge effect; the analysis of the particle motion is simplified by using the Hamiltonian, and the particle motion process is analyzed quickly; in the application example, the pulse square wave generates a flat and long beam longitudinal motion stable region (bucket), and the value can be determined by deriving the Hamilton under the action of the pulse square wave. The stable region of the longitudinal motion of the beam mentioned herein refers to a region in which particles can exist stably, which is formed under the action of the radio frequency cavity pressure.
Taking the design of the synchronous ring of Xian 200MeV proton application device as an example, when the synchronous ring is used for dividing heavy ions into small clusters, Au is applied to the small clusters31+The particle, when a small longitudinally completely separated beam mass is generated by a square wave, has a beam longitudinal motion stable region (bucket) as shown in fig. 2. Wherein the bucket1 area (first area) and the bucket2 area (second area) are respectively the areas where a larger cluster (third cluster) and a small cluster (second cluster) are located after the small cluster is divided, the small cluster is captured by the bucket2 area, then the small cluster is kicked out of the synchronous ring by using a shock magnet (packer), and then V is usedacAnd changing energy, repeating the previous process after changing the energy, and repeating the process for multiple times to realize multi-energy-level fast extraction.
By setting the voltage amplitude, the pulse width and the phase of the pulse signal, two beam longitudinal motion stable area (bucket) areas are preset, one is larger and the other is smaller, and the beam groups are redistributed, so that small beam groups which are completely separated are obtained. The phase range of the small beam group and the like can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage amplitude, the pulse width and the like of the potential well at the two sides of each beam longitudinal motion stable region (bucket). In the actual process of manipulating the longitudinal phase space, four methods can be selected, which are called as a small beam cluster outflow method, a cutting beam cluster method, a translation beam longitudinal motion stable area (bucket) method and a beam cluster dilution method respectively.
Example 1: small bundle outflow method "
By "micellar effusion" is meant by closing V in FIG. 13、V4After allowing a part of the particles to move from the stable region of bucket1 to the stable region of bucket2, V was opened3、V4In this way, the small cluster comes from the large cluster in bucket 1. Fig. 3A and 3B schematically show the distribution of longitudinal phase space of the front and rear beam streams, respectively, of the "outflow" of the small beam masses by simulation calculations.
The main steps of the embodiment of the invention according to the "beamlet bolus outflow" method are as follows:
(1) determining the voltage amplitude and phase range of each potential well according to the requirement of small beam groups required to be led out, beam momentum dispersion, synchronous loop parameters and beam distribution conditions measured by a Fast Current Transformer (FCT), and determining V according to the energy change rateacMagnitude, opening acceleration voltage VacAnd potential well voltage V1、V3To accelerate the voltage VacChanging potential well voltage V1、V3The energy of the first beam formed in defined bucket 1;
(2) after the energy change is finished, the accelerating voltage V is closedacPotential well voltage V3And opens potential well voltage V5To make the particles reach the potential well voltage V3、V4The defined location of bucket 2;
(3) combining the beam distribution measured by Fast Current Transformer (FCT), the potential well voltage V is opened by the selection machine3、V4So that the potential well voltage V is controlled3、V4The particles trapped in the defined bucket2 form a small cluster (second cluster) having a preset number of particles;
(4) a third cluster formed by separating a predetermined number of particles from the first cluster after kicking out the small cluster by using a hammer magnet (cocker)The bunch is used as a new first bunch, and the potential well voltage V is closed4、V5And opens the accelerating voltage V againacContinuing to change the energy of the new first cluster;
(5) and repeating the steps to realize multi-energy-level fast extraction.
Example 2: cutting bunching method "
By "cutting clusters" is meant relying on V in nature1、V5In a confined large cluster (at which the acceleration voltage V is present)acCovering V1To V5All phases in between), directly opens V3、V4By means of potential well voltage V1、V3Defined bucket1 and bucket2 capture the original large bunch directly, resulting in one larger bunch (bucket 1 region) and one small bunch (bucket2 region), which comes from original V1、V5Large bunches in between. Fig. 4A and 4B schematically show the distribution of the longitudinal phase space of the beam current before and after "cutting" a large cluster of beams by simulation calculation, respectively.
The main steps of the embodiment of the invention according to the "cutting cluster method" are as follows:
(1) determining the voltage amplitude and phase range of each potential well according to the requirement of small beam group to be led out, beam momentum dispersion, synchronous loop parameters and beam distribution measured by a Fast Current Transformer (FCT), and determining the accelerating voltage V according to the energy change rateacMagnitude, opening acceleration voltage VacAnd potential well voltage V1、V5To accelerate the voltage VacChanging the voltage V from potential well1、V5Energy of the first beam formed in a defined beam longitudinal motion stability zone (bucket) (at this time, acceleration voltage V)acOccupying potential well voltage V1、V5All phase lengths in between, the "cut bunch method" differs from the "beamlet outflow method" in that there is no beamlet outflow step but the first bunch is cut directly);
(2) after the energy change is finished, the accelerating voltage V is closedacAnd opens potential well voltage V3、V4Directly dividing the large cluster (first cluster) into slightly larger clustersA cluster (third cluster) and a mini-cluster (second cluster);
(3) after kicking out the small bunch by using the impact magnet (cocker), the V is closed3、V4And opens the acceleration voltage VacContinuously changing potential well voltage V1And V5The energy of the new cluster of particles formed in between;
(4) and repeating the steps to realize multi-energy-level fast extraction.
Example 3: translation beam longitudinal motion stable region (bucket) method "
The "translational beam longitudinal motion stable region (bucket) method" means that the potential well voltage V is established from the beginning1、V3Defined beam longitudinal motion stable region bucket1 and potential well voltage V4、V5Limiting the beam longitudinal motion stability zone bucket2 area, and passing V after each energy change1、V3、V4、V5The phase of (2) is changed by a certain value at the same time, thereby achieving the effect of shifting bucket1 and bucket2 at the same time. Two bunches are recaptured by shifted bucket1 and bucket2, as shown in fig. 5A and 5B, wherein the areas enclosed by the solid lines are a bucket1 area and a bucket2 area. In the method, the small beam cluster comes from particles recaptured after a translation beam longitudinal motion stable region, and the method is called a translation beam longitudinal motion stable region (bucket) method. Fig. 6A and 6B schematically show the distribution of longitudinal phase spaces of front and rear beam flows in a translational beam longitudinal motion stability zone (bucket) obtained by simulation calculation, respectively.
The main steps of the embodiment of the invention based on a translation beam longitudinal motion stable region (bucket) method are as follows:
(1) determining the voltage amplitude and phase range of each potential well according to the requirement of small beam group to be led out, beam momentum dispersion, synchronous loop parameters and beam distribution conditions measured by a Fast Current Transformer (FCT), and determining V according to the energy change rateacThe size, the phase amplitude step length of the beam longitudinal motion stable region (bucket) in each translation is determined according to the number of times of fast extraction required, and the accelerating voltage V is switched onacAnd potential well voltage V1、V3、V4、V5Using an accelerating voltage VacChanging the voltage V from potential well1、V3The energy of the first beam formed in defined bucket 1;
(2) after the energy change is finished, the accelerating voltage V is closedacGlobal translation of the potential well voltage V, slowly or in transient jumps1、V3、V4、V5So that they reach the new phase with the same phase difference, so that the potential well voltage V is changed4、V5The defined bucket2 captures a beamlet from the first beam (the second beam) and is driven by the potential well voltage V1、V3Defined bucket1 then captures a new first bunch at the same time;
(3) after a small cluster (second cluster) is kicked out by using the impact magnet (cocker), the accelerating voltage V can be switched onacContinuously changing potential well voltage V1And V3The energy of a new cluster of particles (new first cluster) formed in between;
(4) and repeating the steps to realize multi-energy-level fast extraction.
Example 4: bunching dilution method "
The beam dilution method is similar to the previous method, the particles are still confined in the large and small regions, the particles in the small region are kicked out by an impact magnet or the particles in the small region are led out of a synchronous ring by an electrostatic deflector after the transverse positions of the particles in the small region and the particles in the large region are different, but the beam dilution method is characterized in that the large and small regions simultaneously have different Hamilton's quantity contour line densities in order to realize a more convenient beam separation process and a more precise separation operation. That is, by adjusting the voltage amplitude and pulse width of the potential well, the interval of the longitudinal phase space hamiltonian contour lines is increased in the phase region where the beam current needs to be separated, i.e., "dilute" the hamiltonian contour line density, i.e., the particle density can be diluted, so that the beam current can be separated in the region with smaller particle density. On the one hand, the precision of the separation process can be improved, and on the other hand, the time consumption of two processes of particle outflow and longitudinal separation in the beam group outflow method can be avoided, so that the application of the method in 3D scanning treatment is greatly improved. The separation operation of the beam group in the longitudinal phase space by the beam group dilution method is mainly embodied in the density separation of two areas. Fig. 7 shows beam longitudinal motion stability regions (buckets) of small clusters having different longitudinal densities, which are generated by adjusting the amplitude and pulse width of the potential well voltage, and it can be seen that the hamilton contour densities of bucket1 and bucket2 are different.
By regulating the accelerating voltage V in figure 1acAnd potential well voltage V1、V3、V4、V5The amplitude and the pulse width of the large density region and the small density region can be controlled, and the phase range and the density of the large density region and the small density region are controlled. Here, V is selectedac＝0，V1＝-200V，V3＝20V，V4＝0，V5The bucket distribution in fig. 7 can be realized by combining the values of 0, and the appropriate potential well voltage V is selected1、V3、V4、V5The amplitude and phase of (a) controls the density of the small density region to be about 1/100 of the large density region, and the phase range of the large density region is controlled, for example, when the phase range of the large density region is 10 times that of the small density region, a small beam cluster containing 1% of particles can be generated on the right side. Fig. 8 shows the longitudinal phase space after generation of longitudinal density separated beamlets by a pulsed signal in a synchrotron particle extraction method according to the invention.
At the moment, the beam distribution situation is measured by a Fast Current Transformer (FCT), a small density area phase range (the density of particles in the small density area meets the designed value) is found according to the measurement result, the impact magnet is used for setting proper strength in the phase range to perform transverse kicking-out, the particles in the small density area can be led out transversely, new particles can continuously reach the phase area after the particles are led out from the small density area, and the impact magnet can be used for kicking out the particles again after the density of the next time reaches the required value.
The main steps of the embodiment of the invention according to the "bunch dilution method" are as follows:
(1) determining the voltage amplitude and pulse width of each potential well according to the beam momentum dispersion, the parameters of the synchronous ring, and the density of the required large and small density regionsDetermining acceleration voltage V by changing energy rateacThe magnitude of the acceleration voltage V is determined according to the phase range of the two regions which need to be separatedacPulse width, pulse width and phase of each potential well voltage, opening acceleration voltage VacAnd potential well voltage V1、V3、V4、V5Using an accelerating voltage VacChanging the energy of the large and small density areas;
(2) measuring the beam distribution condition by using a Fast Current Transformer (FCT), and directly using an impact magnet (cocker) to kick out the particles in the small density region after the number of the particles in the small density region reaches the required number of the particles;
(3) and (5) repeating the step (2) to realize multi-energy-level fast extraction.
Furthermore, in a variation of the "bunch dilution" embodiment, it is also possible to kick out particles of a small density region in the form of a bunch. Aiming at the bunches after density separation, the method of adjusting the voltage amplitude and the phase of the potential well in the transition region and the small density region can be used for realizing the separation of the particles in the longitudinal phase space, and further generating deviation in the phase direction of the longitudinal phase space, so that a synchronous ring is kicked out under the action of the impact magnet, and the leading-out of the bunches is realized.
After kicking out the particle, resume potential well voltage to the previous value, there are particles to flow out to the small density area again, wait Fast Current Transformer (FCT) measured small density area density reach the set value after, can adjust transition area and small density area potential well voltage amplitude and phase place again and realize the particle and separate in vertical phase space phase direction, through exert the deceleration voltage in big density area, make big density area and small density area particle momentum dispersion produce the difference, and then make small density area particle produce the lateral deviation through the horizontal and vertical coupling effect in the dispersion area, then use the static deflector or strike magnet and static deflector to draw out the small density area particle, repeat above processes, can realize drawing out many times.
The effect of the momentum dispersion δ on the beam transverse position R in combination with the transverse dispersion D can be understood with reference to the following equation:
wherein epsilontotal(delta) is the beam transverse emittance, beta is a beam transverse beta parameter, delta is the beam momentum dispersion, D is a dispersion function at a certain position on the ring, and R is the corresponding beam transverse position on the ring.
The dispersion region, i.e. the region on the ring where the dispersion D is larger, can be generally designed by the optical function of the ring so that the dispersion of the outgoing section is larger. Coupling the longitudinal momentum dispersion offset to the transverse resulting offset in transverse position due to the effect of chromatic dispersion.
The main steps of the above-described variant of the embodiment of the invention according to the "bunch dilution method" are as follows:
(1) determining potential well voltage amplitude and pulse width according to beam momentum dispersion, synchronous loop parameters, and density of required large and small density regions, and determining accelerating voltage V according to changed energy rateacThe magnitude of the accelerating voltage V is determined according to the phase ranges of two regions which need to be separatedacPulse width, pulse width and position of each potential well voltage, opening acceleration voltage VacAnd potential well voltage V1、V3、V4、V5Using an accelerating voltage VacChanging the energy of the large and small density areas;
(2') measuring the beam distribution by using a Fast Current Transformer (FCT), adjusting the voltage amplitude and phase of a potential well in a transition region and a small density region after the number of particles in the small density region reaches the required number of particles, separating the particles in the longitudinal phase space phase direction, applying an accelerating voltage in a large density region to disperse the momentum of the particles in the large density region and the small density region to generate difference, further transversely deviating the particles in the small density region through transverse-longitudinal coupling in a dispersion region, then leading out the particles in the small density region by using an electrostatic deflector or an impact magnet and the electrostatic deflector, realizing the leading-out of a beam group, and recovering the accelerating voltage, the voltage amplitude and the phase of the potential well in the small density region before adjustment after leading out the particles;
(3) and (3) repeating the step (2') to realize multi-energy-level fast extraction.
The invention also correspondingly relates to a device for realizing the particle extraction method of the synchrotron. The above description of the method is also applicable as an explanation of the function and structure of the synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of the present invention.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions, variations and any combination of these embodiments may be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (21)
1. A particle extraction method of a synchrotron is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a second cluster consisting of a predetermined number of particles, which is longitudinally separated from the first cluster by manipulating the longitudinal phase space with a predetermined signal;
leading the second beam group to be led out of the annular track of the synchrotron by using an electrostatic deflector or an impact magnet and the electrostatic deflector;
changing the energy or the phase of a third beam cluster formed after a preset number of particles are separated from the first beam cluster into a new first beam cluster, then longitudinally separating a new second beam cluster consisting of a preset number of particles from the first beam cluster again, then kicking the new second beam cluster out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by using a shock magnet or a shock magnet and an electrostatic deflector, and continuously repeating the steps to realize the continuous extraction of the second beam cluster.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined signal is a predetermined pulse signal, and the predetermined pulse signal comprises:
a first potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a first preset pulse width1And a third potential well voltage V3；
A fourth potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a second preset pulse width4And a fifth potential well voltage V5；
Wherein the first potential well voltage V1The third potential well voltage V3The fourth potential well voltage V4The fifth potential well voltage V5The phases of the first and second clusters are sequentially increased and respectively act on a first end and a second end of a first region where a third cluster formed by the first cluster after a preset number of particles are separated, and a first end and a second end of a second region where the second cluster is located, wherein the second end of the first region is adjacent to the first end of the second region.
3. The synchrotron particle extraction method of claim 2, wherein the step of longitudinally separating a second cluster consisting of a predetermined number of particles from the first cluster comprises:
opening the first potential well voltage V1And said third potential well voltage V3And for a first preset time period to stabilize the first cluster in the first region, wherein the acceleration voltage V for changing energy is applied throughout the first region for all or part of the first preset time periodac；
Turn off the accelerating voltage VacMaintaining the first potential well voltage V1Turning off the third potential well voltage V in an open state3While simultaneously turning on the fifth potential well voltage V5Continuing for a second preset time period to enable a preset number of particles of the first cluster to flow out of the first region to the second region outside the first region;
opening the third potential well voltage V3And said fourth potential well voltage V4And continuing for a third preset time length to enable the second area to form a stable second beam group.
4. The synchrotron particle extraction method of claim 2, wherein the step of longitudinally separating a second cluster consisting of a predetermined number of particles from the first cluster comprises:
opening the first potential well voltage V1And said fifth potential well voltage V5And lasting for a fourth preset time period to stabilize the first clusterIs positioned in the first region and the second region, wherein an acceleration voltage V for changing energy is applied to the whole first region and the whole second region in the whole or part of the fourth preset durationacWherein a preset number of particles of the first beam bunch are received within the second region within the fourth preset time period;
turn off the accelerating voltage VacMaintaining said first potential well voltage V1The fifth potential well voltage V5In an on state, the third potential well voltage V is turned on3And said fourth potential well voltage V4And lasting for a fifth preset time period to enable the second area to form a stable second beam group.
5. The synchrotron particle extraction method of claim 2, wherein the step of longitudinally separating a second cluster consisting of a predetermined number of particles from the first cluster comprises:
opening the first potential well voltage V1The third potential well voltage V3And stabilizing the first cluster in the first region for a sixth preset time period, wherein an acceleration voltage V for changing energy is applied to the whole first region in the whole or part of the sixth preset time periodac；
Opening the fourth potential well voltage V4And said fifth potential well voltage V5Turning off the accelerating voltage VacThen the first potential well voltage V is applied1The third potential well voltage V3The fourth potential well voltage V4And said fifth potential well voltage V5Instantaneously or slowly and integrally translating the preset phase to make the potential well voltages reach a new phase with the same phase difference, so that the potential well voltage V is converted into the fourth potential well voltage V4And said fifth potential well voltage V5The new defined second area contains a preset number of particles;
maintaining the fourth potential well voltage V4And said fifth potential well voltage V5And lasting for a seventh preset time period to enable the second area to form a stable second beam group.
6. A particle extraction method of a synchrotron is used for extracting a preset number of particles from the synchrotron, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming a first region and a second region with different particle densities by adjusting the potential well voltage amplitude and the pulse width of a preset pulse signal, wherein the particles in the second region are led out of the ring track of the synchrotron, and the particles in the first region are still remained in the ring track of the synchrotron;
when the second area contains a preset number of particles, leading the particles in the second area out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron;
wherein the preset pulse signal includes:
a first potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a first preset pulse width1And a third potential well voltage V3；
A fourth potential well voltage V with a pulse width of a second preset pulse width4And a fifth potential well voltage V5；
Wherein the first potential well voltage V1The third potential well voltage V3The fourth potential well voltage V4The fifth potential well voltage V5The phases of the first and second regions are sequentially increased and respectively act on the first and second ends of the first and second regions, wherein the second end of the first region is adjacent to the first end of the second region.
7. The synchrotron particle extraction method of claim 6, wherein the particle density of the second region is lower than the particle density of the first region.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the predetermined pulse signal further comprises an acceleration voltage VacSaid acceleration voltage VacApplied to the first area or to theA first region and the second region.
9. The synchrotron particle extraction method of claim 8, wherein the step of extracting particles of the second region out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron comprises:
by impacting particles that are directly kicked laterally out of the second region by the magnet.
10. The synchrotron particle extraction method of claim 8, wherein the step of forming the first region and the second region having different particle densities by adjusting the potential well voltage amplitude and the pulse width of the preset pulse signal comprises:
an accelerating voltage V applied in the first regionacThe negative value causes the momentum dispersion of the particles of the first region and the second region to generate difference, thereby causing the particles of the first region and the second region to generate deflection in the transverse direction under the action of transverse-longitudinal coupling.
11. The synchrotron particle extraction method of claim 10, wherein the step of extracting particles of the second region out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron comprises:
the extraction of the particles of the second region is realized by an electrostatic deflector, or the particles of the second region are directly and transversely kicked out by an impact magnet.
12. The synchrotron particle extraction method according to claim 8 or 10,
the step of forming the first region and the second region different in particle density by adjusting the potential well voltage amplitude and the pulse width of the preset pulse signal includes: respectively turning on or off the first potential well voltage V1The fourth potential well voltage V4The third potential well voltage V3The fifth potential well voltage V5And the acceleration voltage VacOr adjusting said first potential well voltage V1The fourth potential well voltage V4The third potential well voltage V3The fifth potential well voltage V5And the acceleration voltage VacUntil the particles of the second region are spatially separated from the particles of the first region in a longitudinal direction,
the step of kicking the particles of the second region out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron comprises: the extraction of the particles of the second region is realized by an electrostatic deflector, or the particles of the second region are directly and transversely kicked out by an impact magnet.
13. A particle extraction device of a synchrotron is characterized in that,
the synchrotron particle extraction device comprises:
a control unit adapted to longitudinally separate a preset number of particles within a circular track of the synchrotron by setting a pulse signal; and
an electrostatic deflector adapted to draw out particles that have undergone lateral deflection;
wherein the control unit is further adapted to change the energy or phase of the particles by setting the pulse signal such that a preset number of particles can be longitudinally separated again and be directed out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by the striker magnet or the electrostatic deflector.
14. The synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a kicker magnet adapted to kick the separated predetermined number of particles out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron.
15. The synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of claim 14, wherein the control unit is further adapted to longitudinally separate a second cluster containing a preset number of particles from the first cluster in the circular orbit of the synchrotron by setting a pulse signal, the second cluster having a preset number of particles and kicked out by the striker magnet or collectively extracted out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by the striker magnet and the electrostatic deflector.
16. The synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of claim 15, wherein the control unit is adapted to cause the second beam to be generated in a second region outside the first region in which the first beam is located by setting a pulse signal.
17. The synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of claim 15, wherein the control unit is adapted to cause the second beam to be generated in a second region within the first region in which the first beam is located by setting a pulse signal.
18. The synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of claim 15, wherein the control unit is adapted to form a new second beam cluster within the second region globally shifted by the preset phase by setting the pulse signal.
19. The synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of claim 14, wherein the control unit is further adapted to form two regions with different particle densities by setting a pulse signal so that a predetermined number of particles can be collected in one of the regions and kicked out by the kicker magnet or collectively extracted out of the circular orbit of the synchrotron by the kicker magnet and the electrostatic deflector.
20. The synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of claim 19, wherein the control unit is further adapted to apply an acceleration voltage V in one of the regionsacSaid acceleration voltage VacThe negative value of the magnetic field makes the momentum dispersion of the particles in two areas with different particle densities generate difference, so that the particles are deflected in the transverse direction under the transverse-longitudinal coupling effect, and a preset number of particles can be led out by an electrostatic deflector or directly transversely moved by an impact magnetKicked out.
21. The synchrotron particle extraction apparatus of claim 19 or 20, wherein the control unit sets the pulse signal by turning on or off the potential well voltage V on both sides of the two regions having different particle densities, respectively1、V3、V4、V5And the acceleration voltage VacOr adjusting the potential well voltage V1、V3、V4、V5And the acceleration voltage VacUntil the particles of the second region form two regions of different densities with the particles of the first region in the longitudinal phase space phase direction or the particles of the two regions of different particle densities are spatially separated in the longitudinal phase.
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