CN114204539A - 一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构 - Google Patents

一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构 Download PDF

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CN114204539A
CN114204539A CN202111514293.1A CN202111514293A CN114204539A CN 114204539 A CN114204539 A CN 114204539A CN 202111514293 A CN202111514293 A CN 202111514293A CN 114204539 A CN114204539 A CN 114204539A
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阎明
吴东华
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Shaanxi Aero Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants using steam or spring force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D47/00—Equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/084—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H02J1/086—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load or loads and source or sources when the main path fails
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构，由低压直流汇流条、高压直流汇流条、电能存储装置、电能回馈控制器、电机控制器及电机构成；在飞机正常供电及负载工作时，由低压直流汇流条与高压直流汇流条向电机控制器及电机供电，实现电机控制及驱动功能，在电机回馈制动时通过电能回馈控制器将回馈电能存入储能装置进行电能存储，实现电机能量回收功能；并且当低压直流汇流条故障、高压直流汇流条故障或者低压直流汇流条故障与高压直流汇流条同时故障时，通过多余度供电控制策略，提高直流供电***的可靠性。

Description

一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构
技术领域
本发明涉及飞机供电***领域，具体为一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构。
背景技术
新型飞机大量采用多电技术，用电能逐渐去取代液压能、气压能源和机械能等二次能源，使机上大多数机载设备和操纵***都将由电能驱动，实现飞机的电气化管理，因此整机的用电功率非常大，一般在数百千瓦到兆瓦级。而高压直流电源***已显示出了明显的技术优势，在供电体制上采用高压直流供电方式，能够减轻输电线缆的重量，摆脱恒速恒频电源***的恒速传动装置和变速恒频电源***的全功率电子变换装置，使***具有更轻的重量、更低的寿命周期费用、高的可靠性、良好的维修性、大功率发电和高的效率，其代表了未来飞机电源***的发展方向。
现有的某型飞机主电源采用双通道高压直流电源***，实现飞机大功率的供电需求，其主电源***构型如图1所示，飞机主电源***包含两台发动机，每台发动机分别驱动两台高压直流主发电机(HVDG)，每台(HVDG)的额定容量为65kW，输出为270V高压直流电压，两台主发电机结构、性能相同，可以互换，且采用270V高压直流供电体制，其中有270VDC、28VDC用电负载，实现左、右270VDC汇流条，左、右28VDC汇流条间实现互为备份，实现飞机电源余度供电，270VDC与28VDC之间无法备份。
在现有技术中，可以实现多电飞机大功率的用电需求，但现有方案也存在如下缺点：
多电飞机存在大量的高压直流电驱负载，如环控***、电动液压泵、电刹车***等，其在飞机上的负载等级较高，其中机载作动类电驱动***在制动时会向***产生电能回馈，现有电驱动***多利用制动电阻将回馈能量吸收，并未进行利用，产生大量热量需设计专用冷却***，给***带来短时散热问题，同时严重制约机载电能利用，当所需功率较大时，还容易带来***电网电压过高等问题。
不能将飞机在不同飞行工况下由电机多象限运行产生的“费能”进行利用，从而实现多电飞机中针对电能管理进行“削峰填谷”的调节需求及能量的高效利用，保证飞机电能供给，降低飞行能耗及提高供电***安全性和可靠性。
发明内容
为了提高机上电能利用效率，增加关键负载安全工作余度，解决未来多电、全电飞机能量优化等问题，本发明提出一种基于储能装置的多电飞机多余度适用于高效能量利用的多电飞机的电源***架构。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构，由低压直流汇流条、高压直流汇流条、电能存储装置、电能回馈控制器、电机控制器及电机构成；
在飞机正常供电及负载工作时，由低压直流汇流条与高压直流汇流条向电机控制器及电机供电，实现电机控制及驱动功能，在电机回馈制动时通过电能回馈控制器将回馈电能存入储能装置进行电能存储，实现电机能量回收功能；
电能回馈控制器同时监测低压直流汇流条与高压直流汇流条，当低压直流汇流条出现故障时，由高压直流汇流条的输出转化为低压后为低压侧负载供电，而当高压直流汇流条出现故障时，通过电能回馈控制器将低压直流汇流条的输出升压后为负载运行提供高压功能，实现供电***的多余度供电；当在低压直流汇流条及高压直流汇流条同时出现故障时，电能存储装置通过电能回馈控制器向故障的低压直流汇流条及高压直流汇流条进行供电，为机上关键设备提供应急供电。
进一步的，低压直流汇流条与高压直流汇流条之间保证电流隔离，以防止任何一路电源故障时，对另一路产生冲击。
进一步的，所述电能存储装置采用超级电容或蓄电池，能够作为应急电源向机上关键负载进行供电，保证飞机供电的可靠性。
有益效果
采用本发明的供电***供电多余度设计，在飞机正常工作时负载由主发电机产生270V高压直流电进行供电，此供电电源的多余度设计不但能保证高压和低压之间相互备份，同时利用储能装置能够作为备份电源向高压侧或低压侧进行供电。在恒功率负载例如电机等进行制动或多象限运行时，可将反馈回电机控制器的电能进行回收至储能装置，实现能量回馈及高效利用的功能。
该余度设计为功能余度，相对于直接余度，降低了***成本和复杂性，且该余度设计在***正常工作时，处于休眠状态，不会对***原有可靠性产生影响，而当供电发生故障时才激活，可有效提高供电***的容错能力。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1：典型战斗机高压直流电源***架构；
图2：新型基于储能装置的多电飞机多余度供电架构；
图3：基于储能装置的多电飞机多余度供电架构控制策略框图；
图4：采用基于储能装置的270V高压直流电源***架构。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的基于储能装置的多电飞机多余度供电架构构型如图2所示，该架构中由28VDC低压汇流条、270VDC高压汇流条、电能存储装置、电能回馈控制器、电机控制器及电机构成。其中在270VDC高压和28VDC低压直流电源之间保证电流隔离，以防止任何一路电源故障时，对另一路产生冲击。其中电能存储可采用超级电容、蓄电池等作为储能装置，可作为应急电源向机上关键负载进行供电，保证飞机供电的可靠性。
基于储能装置的多电飞机多余度供电架构的控制策略框图如图3所示。根据上述图2架构，在飞机正常供电及负载工作时，由28V低压与270V高压直流汇流条向电机控制器及电机供电，实现电机控制及驱动功能，在电机回馈制动时通过电能回馈控制器将回馈电能存入储能装置进行电能存储，实现电机能量回收功能。电能回馈控制器同时监测28VDC及270VDC汇流条，当28V低压直流汇流条出现故障时，由270V高压直流汇流条转化为28V电压后为低压侧负载供电，而当270V高压直流电源出现故障时，通过电能回馈控制器将28V低压侧电源升压为负载运行提供270V高压功能，从而实现供电***的多余度供电。而当在28VDC直流汇流条及270VDC高压直流汇流条同时出现故障时，电能存储装置可通过电能回馈控制器向故障的28V低压直流汇流条及270V高压直流汇流条进行供电，为机上关键设备提供应急供电。
如图4所示，该电源供电架构可用在现有典型多电飞机高压直流供电***中，其中采用本发明的主电源架构，能够提高电源***冗余度，同时，由电能回馈控制器及储能装置组成的新型供电******允许能量的双向传输，使得该***不需要附加任何附件就能方便地实现供电与电动的转换，另外，270VDC与28VDC能够进行互为备份，提高高压直流供电***的可靠性。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (3)

1.一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构，其特征在于：由低压直流汇流条、高压直流汇流条、电能存储装置、电能回馈控制器、电机控制器及电机构成；
在飞机正常供电及负载工作时，由低压直流汇流条与高压直流汇流条向电机控制器及电机供电，实现电机控制及驱动功能，在电机回馈制动时通过电能回馈控制器将回馈电能存入储能装置进行电能存储，实现电机能量回收功能；
电能回馈控制器同时监测低压直流汇流条与高压直流汇流条，当低压直流汇流条出现故障时，由高压直流汇流条的输出转化为低压后为低压侧负载供电，而当高压直流汇流条出现故障时，通过电能回馈控制器将低压直流汇流条的输出升压后为负载运行提供高压功能，实现供电***的多余度供电；当在低压直流汇流条及高压直流汇流条同时出现故障时，电能存储装置通过电能回馈控制器向故障的低压直流汇流条及高压直流汇流条进行供电，为机上关键设备提供应急供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构，其特征在于：低压直流汇流条与高压直流汇流条之间保证电流隔离，以防止任何一路电源故障时，对另一路产生冲击。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种基于储能装置的飞机多余度供电***架构，其特征在于：所述电能存储装置采用超级电容或蓄电池，能够作为应急电源向机上关键负载进行供电，保证飞机供电的可靠性。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114802717A (zh) * 2022-05-09 2022-07-29 北京航空航天大学 基于飞控信息的飞机电作动器能量管理***及控制方法
CN116316521A (zh) * 2022-12-13 2023-06-23 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所 一种用于深海装备的高低压互备份式配电管理***
CN117401167A (zh) * 2023-12-12 2024-01-16 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 一种飞机的电力***模态切换方法及装置
CN116316521B (zh) * 2022-12-13 2024-07-30 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所 一种用于深海装备的高低压互备份式配电管理***

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CN114802717A (zh) * 2022-05-09 2022-07-29 北京航空航天大学 基于飞控信息的飞机电作动器能量管理***及控制方法
CN116316521A (zh) * 2022-12-13 2023-06-23 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所 一种用于深海装备的高低压互备份式配电管理***
CN116316521B (zh) * 2022-12-13 2024-07-30 中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所 一种用于深海装备的高低压互备份式配电管理***
CN117401167A (zh) * 2023-12-12 2024-01-16 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 一种飞机的电力***模态切换方法及装置
CN117401167B (zh) * 2023-12-12 2024-02-09 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 一种飞机的电力***模态切换方法及装置

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