CN114200516A - Seismic data acquisition system and acquisition method based on three-component optical fiber detector - Google Patents
Seismic data acquisition system and acquisition method based on three-component optical fiber detector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a seismic data acquisition system and a seismic data acquisition method based on a three-component optical fiber detector, which comprise a ground seismic data acquisition vehicle, the three-component optical fiber detector and a ground seismic source; the three-component optical fiber detectors are arranged along the measuring lines of the detectors, and the ground seismic sources are arranged along the measuring lines of the seismic sources or the well-shot seismic sources; the three-component optical fiber detector is in communication connection with the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle; the three-component optical fiber detector comprises a data acquisition unit, a GPS or Beidou time service positioning module is installed at the top of each data acquisition unit, a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor is installed at the upper part of each data acquisition unit, and a three-component optical fiber sensing unit is installed at the lower part of each data acquisition unit. The method can acquire the three-dimensional ground seismic data with super-large channel number and super-long arrangement, and improve the production efficiency. The interference of lightning weather and environmental electromagnetic noise is not easy to happen, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the three-component seismic data is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration technology and ground seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a seismic data acquisition system and method based on a three-component optical fiber detector.
Background
Seismic exploration refers to a geophysical exploration method for deducing the properties and forms of underground rock strata by observing and analyzing the propagation rule of seismic waves generated by artificial earthquake in the underground by utilizing the difference between the elasticity and the density of underground media caused by artificial excitation. Seismic exploration is the most important method in geophysical exploration and is the most effective method for solving the problem of oil and gas exploration. It is an important means for surveying petroleum and natural gas resources before drilling, and is widely applied to the aspects of coal field and engineering geological exploration, regional geological research, crust research and the like.
Seismic exploration is characterized in that the earth crust vibration (such as detonator or explosive explosion, heavy hammer falling or knocking, electric spark or piezoelectric crystal or air gun seismic source excitation in water or a well and controllable seismic source vibration) is caused by a manual method, the vibration information of each receiving point on the ground after explosion is recorded by a precision instrument according to a certain observation mode, and the characteristics of the underground geological structure are deduced by using result data obtained after a series of processing treatment on the original recorded information. The seismic waves are excited artificially on the earth surface, and when the waves propagate underground, the waves are reflected and refracted when encountering rock stratum interfaces with different medium properties, and the waves are received by a detector on the earth surface or in a well. The received seismic signals are related to the seismic source characteristics, the location of the geophone points, and the nature and structure of the subterranean strata through which the seismic waves pass. By processing and interpreting seismic wave recordings, the nature and morphology of the subterranean formation can be inferred.
The existing ground seismic data acquisition system uses a general moving-coil or digital ground single-component or three-component detector to acquire ground seismic data. The most widely used in the industry today is the acquisition of three-component seismic data by conventional three-component detectors. The three-component detector is a special detector used in multi-wave exploration. Unlike a single-component conventional geophone, each geophone incorporates three mutually perpendicular sensors to record the three components of the particle velocity vector for simultaneous recording of longitudinal, transverse, and converted waves. The signal voltage output by such detectors is related to the displacement velocity of their vibrations and is therefore referred to as a velocity detector. In order to record the vibration signals sensed by the detectors, circuit modules for amplifying analog signals output by the detectors, filtering, denoising, analog-to-digital conversion, data storage, data transmission and the like are further arranged in the detector array, so that the seismic data acquired by the three-component detector array are transmitted to an acquisition control computer of a seismic data acquisition vehicle through a cable with the length of thousands of meters for storage. The power supply for a plurality of three-component detectors on a seismic data acquisition cable far away from a few kilometers from a seismic data acquisition vehicle is very difficult and limited, and only each three-component detector can be supplied with power by a battery, so that the volume and the weight of the field seismic data acquisition equipment are greatly increased, and the charging for thousands of batteries on a field construction site is very heavy. Although the wireless node seismic instruments omit connecting cables, thousands of wireless node seismic instruments still need to be charged and data downloading work is carried out in the field. In addition, the three-component seismic data collected by the conventional wired three-component detector are completely transmitted from the detector to the data collection vehicle by a cable, and due to the limitation of long-distance cable data transmission, a large amount of data cannot be transmitted to the data collection vehicle at high speed in real time. The above factors greatly limit the development and popularization and application of the three-component geophone array technology with large channel number or extra-large channel number and large length or extra-large length.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a seismic data acquisition system and a seismic data acquisition method based on a three-component optical fiber detector.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the seismic data acquisition system based on the three-component optical fiber detector comprises a ground seismic data acquisition vehicle, the three-component optical fiber detector, an armored optical fiber cable and a ground seismic source; the three-component optical fiber detectors are arranged along the measuring line of the pre-designed detectors, and the ground seismic source is used for measuring or arranging the well-shot seismic source along the measuring line of the pre-designed seismic source; the three-component optical fiber detector is in communication connection with the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle;
the three-component optical fiber detector comprises a data acquisition unit, a GPS or Beidou time service positioning module is installed at the top of each data acquisition unit, a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor is installed at the upper part of each data acquisition unit, and a three-component optical fiber sensing unit is installed at the lower part of each data acquisition unit.
The three-component optical fiber detector is a wired three-component optical fiber detector and is connected with the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle through an armored optical fiber cable, and the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle is controlled by the armored optical fiber cable to be provided with the wired three-component optical fiber detector and is used for transmitting data acquired by the wired three-component optical fiber detector in real time.
The three-component optical fiber detector is a wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector, and a semiconductor laser generator, a photoelectric converter, an FPGA programmable integrated circuit, a solid-state memory, a rechargeable battery and a wireless signal transmitting module are further arranged in a data acquisition unit of the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector.
When the three-component fiber detector is multiple, the distance between adjacent data acquisition units is 3.125 meters, 6.25 meters, 12.5 meters, 25 meters or 50 meters.
The ground seismic source is a heavy hammer or a detonator or an explosive or an air gun or a controllable seismic source.
The three-component optical fiber sensing unit is an optical fiber MEMS accelerometer which adopts a three-axis discrete structure and is orthogonal to each other, or a single-component optical fiber grating vibration sensor which is formed by combining three optical fibers which are orthogonal to each other, or a three-component photoelectric hybrid integrated acceleration geophone, or a three-component all-optical fiber acceleration geophone based on a double-optical-path all-optical fiber Michelson interferometer and a compliant cylinder mass block simple harmonic oscillator, or a corrugated pipe type three-component optical fiber grating geophone.
The acquisition method of the seismic data acquisition system based on the three-component optical fiber detector comprises the following steps:
s1, laying seismic source survey lines and detector survey lines in a three-dimensional ground seismic construction area in advance according to construction design and requirements, laying three-component optical fiber detectors along the pre-designed detector survey lines, and finishing measurement marking of ground seismic source positions or laying of well-shot seismic sources along the pre-designed seismic source survey lines;
s2, connecting an armored optical fiber cable connected with a wired three-component optical fiber detector to a signal input end of a modulation and demodulation instrument in the seismic data acquisition vehicle, starting the three-component optical fiber detectors distributed on the ground, sequentially exciting ground seismic sources, and synchronously acquiring excited seismic signals;
s3, simultaneously acquiring three-component attitude data of each three-component seismic data acquisition point of the data acquisition unit in the step S2 by a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor in the data acquisition unit of the three-component optical fiber detector;
s4, providing position coordinate information for each three-component optical fiber detector and carrying out high-precision time service on three-component seismic signals acquired when a seismic source is excited every time by a GPS or Beidou time service positioning module at the top of a data acquisition unit of the three-component optical fiber detector;
s5, when the three-component optical fiber detector is a wired three-component optical fiber detector, the data acquisition unit of the wired three-component optical fiber detector transmits the three-component seismic data acquired in the step S2, the three-component attitude data of each data acquisition unit acquired in the step S3 and the position coordinate information recorded in the step S4 to an optical fiber laser signal modem in the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle in real time through an armored optical fiber cable, and then the three-component seismic data are converted into the three-component seismic data of each measuring point;
or when the three-component optical fiber detector is a wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector, the data acquisition units of the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector convert the three-component seismic data acquired in the step S2, the three-component attitude data of each data acquisition unit acquired in the step S3 and the position coordinate information recorded in the step S4 into electric signals through a photoelectric converter, and the FPGA programmable integrated circuit modulates and demodulates the electric signals, outputs the three-component data of each measuring point position, and finally stores the three-component data in the solid-state memory; a wireless signal transmitting module on the top of a data acquisition unit of the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector transmits the three-component seismic data stored in the solid-state memory to a computer arranged in a seismic data acquisition vehicle in the middle of a seismic data acquisition work area in real time for storage;
s6, performing rotation processing on the three-component seismic data of each measuring point position acquired in the step S5 according to the three-component attitude data of the same position acquired in the step S3 to obtain a vertical component of the seismic data vertical to the ground, a horizontal component of the seismic data parallel to the measuring line direction of the ground detector and a horizontal component of the seismic data vertical to the measuring line direction of the ground detector;
and S7, performing ground seismic data processing on the ground three-component seismic data converted into corresponding seismic data acquisition positions in the step S6, and finally obtaining longitudinal and transverse wave velocity, longitudinal and transverse wave impedance, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients, elastic parameters, viscoelastic parameters, seismic attribute data and ground high-resolution geological structure imaging of a medium below the ground of the work area, wherein the imaging is used for underground geological structure investigation and mineral and oil gas resource exploration, and the high-resolution geological structure imaging of the underground geological mineral resources and the oil gas reservoir and the comprehensive evaluation of the oil gas reservoir are realized.
Further, the ground seismic data processing in step S7 includes static correction processing, shaping seismic wavelets, removing complex multiples, recovering reliable effective reflected waves from data with a low signal-to-noise ratio, using source signal deconvolution to shape seismic records, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the effective reflected waves, velocity modeling, stratigraphic division, tomography, high-frequency recovery, deconvolution processing, anisotropic time domain or depth domain migration imaging, Q compensation, or Q migration.
The seismic data acquisition system and the seismic data acquisition method based on the three-component optical fiber geophone can efficiently acquire ground three-component seismic data at low cost, the wired three-component optical fiber geophone does not need to be powered, data can be transmitted at high speed, three-dimensional three-component ground seismic data acquisition with ultra-large channel number and ultra-long arrangement can be performed, and the production efficiency is improved. Because the three-component optical fiber detector is not internally provided with an electronic device, the optical fiber detector and the optical cable are not easily interfered by thunder weather and environmental electromagnetic noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the three-component seismic data is improved. Because a battery is not needed to supply power to the wired three-component optical fiber detector, the volume and the weight of wired three-component seismic data acquisition equipment used in field operation are greatly reduced, the operation efficiency is greatly improved, and most defects of the conventional electronic detector are overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seismic data acquisition system based on a cable three-component fiber detector according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic data acquisition system based on a wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout of a three-component fiber optic cable geophone and three-dimensional ground three-component seismic data acquisition operation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of a wireless node type three-component fiber optic geophone and three-dimensional ground three-component seismic data acquisition operation according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary, and the advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood and appreciated by way of illustration.
The seismic data acquisition system based on the three-component optical fiber detector has three-component optical fiber detectors with two structures, and the three-component optical fiber detectors are as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-component fiber detector 2 which is a wired three-component fiber detector. The wired three-component optical fiber detector comprises a data acquisition unit 10, a GPS or Beidou time service positioning module 13 is installed at the top of each data acquisition unit 10, a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 6 is installed at the upper part of each data acquisition unit, and a three-component optical fiber sensing unit 5 is installed at the lower part of each data acquisition unit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-component optical fiber detector 2 in the form of a wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector. The wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector comprises a data acquisition unit 10, and a semiconductor laser generator 7, a photoelectric converter 8, an FPGA programmable integrated circuit 9, a solid-state memory 11, a rechargeable battery 12 and a wireless signal transmitting module 14 are further arranged in the data acquisition unit 10.
The three-component optical fiber detectors 2 are arranged along the measuring lines of the detectors which are designed in advance, and the ground seismic sources 4 are arranged along the measuring lines of the seismic sources which are designed in advance for measuring marks or well-shot seismic sources; the three-component optical fiber detector 2 is in communication connection with the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle 1;
when the data acquisition units 10 are multiple, the distance between adjacent wireless data acquisition units 10 arranged along the measuring line is 3.125 meters, 6.25 meters, 12.5 meters, 25 meters or 50 meters.
The invention is based on the implementation mode of a data acquisition system of a three-component optical fiber detector, and the implementation mode is as follows:
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout of a three-component fiber optic cable geophone and three-dimensional ground three-component seismic data acquisition operation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of a wireless node type three-component fiber optic geophone and three-dimensional ground three-component seismic data acquisition operation according to one embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the fiber optic seismic data acquisition system based on the wired three-component fiber optic geophone comprises a seismic data acquisition vehicle 1, a three-component fiber optic geophone 2, an armored fiber optic cable 3 and a ground seismic source 4. The ground seismic source 4 may be a hammer or detonator or explosive or air gun or vibroseis.
The wired three-component optical fiber detector comprises a data acquisition unit 10, a GPS or Beidou time service positioning module 13 is installed at the top of each data acquisition unit 10, a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 6 is installed at the upper part of each data acquisition unit, and a three-component optical fiber sensing unit 5 is installed at the lower part of each data acquisition unit.
The wired three-component optical fiber detector is connected with a seismic data acquisition vehicle 1 on the ground through an armored optical fiber cable 3, and the seismic data acquisition vehicle 1 controls the wired three-component optical fiber detector through the armored optical fiber cable 3 and is used for transmitting data acquired by the wired three-component optical fiber detector in real time. When the wired three-component optical fiber detector is multiple, the distance between the adjacent data acquisition units 10 is 3.125 meters, 6.25 meters, 12.5 meters, 25 meters or 50 meters, and the two units are connected through the armored optical fiber cable 3.
The three-component optical fiber detector 2 is a wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector, the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector comprises a data acquisition unit 10, and a semiconductor laser generator 7, a photoelectric converter 8, an FPGA programmable integrated circuit 9, a solid-state memory 11, a rechargeable battery 12 and a wireless signal transmitting module 14 are further arranged in the data acquisition unit 10. When there are a plurality of wireless node type three-component fiber detectors, the distance between adjacent data acquisition units 10 is 3.125 meters, 6.25 meters, 12.5 meters, 25 meters or 50 meters.
The three-component optical fiber sensing unit 5 is an optical fiber MEMS accelerometer which adopts a three-axis discrete structure and is orthogonal to each other, or a single-component optical fiber grating vibration sensor which is formed by combining three optical fibers which are orthogonal to each other, or a three-component photoelectric hybrid integrated acceleration geophone, or a three-component all-optical fiber acceleration geophone based on a double-optical-path all-optical fiber Michelson interferometer and a compliant cylinder mass block simple harmonic oscillator, or a corrugated pipe type three-component optical fiber grating geophone.
The seismic data acquisition system and method based on the three-component optical fiber detector comprise the following steps:
s1, laying seismic source survey lines and detector survey lines in a three-dimensional ground seismic construction area in advance according to construction design and requirements, laying a three-component optical fiber detector 2 along the pre-designed detector survey lines, and finishing measurement marking of a ground seismic source 4 position or laying of a well-shot seismic source along the pre-designed seismic source survey lines;
s2, connecting an armored optical fiber cable 3 connected with a wired three-component optical fiber detector to the signal input end of a modulation and demodulation instrument in the seismic data acquisition vehicle 1, starting the three-component optical fiber detector 2 distributed on the ground, sequentially exciting a ground seismic source 4, and synchronously acquiring an excited seismic signal;
s3, simultaneously acquiring three-component attitude data of each three-component seismic data acquisition point of the data acquisition unit 10 in the step S2 by the three-component optical fiber attitude sensor 6 in the data acquisition unit 10 of the three-component optical fiber detector 2;
s4, providing position coordinate information for each three-component optical fiber detector 2 and carrying out high-precision time service on three-component seismic signals acquired when a seismic source is excited every time by a GPS or Beidou time service positioning module 13 at the top of a data acquisition unit 10 of the three-component optical fiber detector 2;
s5, when the three-component optical fiber detector 2 is a wired three-component optical fiber detector, the data acquisition unit 10 of the wired three-component optical fiber detector transmits the three-component seismic data acquired in the step S2, the three-component attitude data of each data acquisition unit 10 acquired in the step S3 and the position coordinate information recorded in the step S4 to an optical fiber laser signal modem in the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle 1 in real time through the armored optical fiber cable 3, and then the three-component seismic data are converted into the three-component seismic data of each measuring point position;
or, when the three-component optical fiber detector 2 is a wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector, the data acquisition unit 10 of the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector converts the three-component seismic data acquired in step S2, the three-component attitude data of each data acquisition unit 10 acquired in step S3 and the position coordinate information recorded in step S4 into electrical signals through the photoelectric converter 8, the FPGA programmable integrated circuit 9 modulates and demodulates the electrical signals, then outputs the three-component data of each measuring point position, and finally stores the three-component data in the solid state memory 11; a wireless signal transmitting module 14 on the top of a data acquisition unit 10 of the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector transmits the three-component seismic data stored in the solid-state memory 11 to a computer in a seismic data acquisition vehicle 1 arranged in the middle of a seismic data acquisition work area for storage;
s6, performing rotation processing on the three-component seismic data of each measuring point position acquired in the step S5 according to the three-component attitude data of the same position acquired in the step S3 to obtain a vertical component of the seismic data vertical to the ground, a horizontal component of the seismic data parallel to the measuring line direction of the ground detector and a horizontal component of the seismic data vertical to the measuring line direction of the ground detector;
and S7, performing ground seismic data processing on the ground three-component seismic data converted into corresponding seismic data acquisition positions in the step S6, and finally obtaining longitudinal and transverse wave velocity, longitudinal and transverse wave impedance, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients, elastic parameters, viscoelastic parameters, seismic attribute data and ground high-resolution geological structure imaging of a medium below the ground of the work area, wherein the imaging is used for underground geological structure investigation and mineral and oil gas resource exploration, and the high-resolution geological structure imaging of the underground geological mineral resources and the oil gas reservoir and the comprehensive evaluation of the oil gas reservoir are realized.
The ground seismic data processing in step S7 includes static correction processing, shaping seismic wavelets, removing complex multiples, recovering reliable effective reflected waves from data with a low signal-to-noise ratio, shaping seismic records by using seismic source signal deconvolution, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the effective reflected waves, velocity modeling, stratigraphic division, tomographic imaging, high-frequency recovery, deconvolution processing, anisotropic time domain or depth domain migration imaging, Q compensation, or Q migration.
Other parts not described in detail are known in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The seismic data acquisition system based on the three-component optical fiber detector is characterized by comprising a ground seismic data acquisition vehicle (1), the three-component optical fiber detector (2), an armored optical fiber cable (3) and a ground seismic source (4);
the three-component optical fiber detectors (2) are arranged along the measuring lines of the detectors which are designed in advance, and the ground seismic sources (4) are arranged along the measuring lines of the seismic sources which are designed in advance for measurement marking or well-shot seismic sources; the three-component optical fiber detector (2) is in communication connection with the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle (1);
the three-component optical fiber detector (2) comprises a data acquisition unit (10), a GPS or Beidou time service positioning module (13) is installed at the top of each data acquisition unit (10), a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor (6) is installed on the upper portion of each data acquisition unit, and a three-component optical fiber sensing unit (5) is installed on the lower portion of each data acquisition unit.
2. The seismic data acquisition system based on the three-component optical fiber detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-component optical fiber detector (2) is a ground wired three-component optical fiber detector and is connected with a ground seismic data acquisition vehicle (1) through an armored optical fiber cable (3), and the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle (1) controls the wired three-component optical fiber detector through the armored optical fiber cable (3) and is used for transmitting data acquired by the wired three-component optical fiber detector in real time.
3. The seismic data acquisition system based on the three-component optical fiber detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-component optical fiber detector (2) is a ground wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector, and a semiconductor laser generator (7), a photoelectric converter (8), an FPGA programmable integrated circuit (9), a solid-state memory (11), a rechargeable battery (12) and a wireless signal transmitting module (14) are further included in a data acquisition unit (10) of the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector.
4. A three-component fiber-optic geophone-based seismic data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that when there are a plurality of three-component fiber-optic geophones (2), the distance between adjacent data acquisition units (10) is 3.125 meters or 6.25 meters or 12.5 meters or 25 meters or 50 meters.
5. The seismic data acquisition system based on three-component fiber detectors according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground seismic source (4) is a hammer or detonator or explosive or air gun or vibroseis.
6. The seismic data acquisition system based on the three-component fiber detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-component fiber sensing unit (5) is a fiber MEMS accelerometer with a three-axis discrete structure and orthogonal to each other, or a single-component fiber grating vibration sensor formed by combining three orthogonal to each other, or a three-component photoelectric hybrid integrated acceleration seismic detector, or a three-component all-fiber acceleration seismic detector based on a dual-optical-path all-fiber Michelson interferometer and a compliant cylinder mass simple harmonic oscillator, or a corrugated tube type three-component fiber grating seismic detector.
7. The acquisition method of the seismic data acquisition system based on the three-component optical fiber detector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, laying seismic source survey lines and detector survey lines in a three-dimensional ground seismic construction area in advance according to construction design and requirements, laying a three-component optical fiber detector (2) along the pre-designed detector survey lines, and finishing measurement marking of the position of a ground seismic source (4) or laying of a well-shot seismic source along the pre-designed seismic source survey lines;
s2, connecting an armored optical fiber cable (3) connected with a wired three-component optical fiber detector to the signal input end of a modulation and demodulation instrument in the seismic data acquisition vehicle (1), starting the three-component optical fiber detector (2) distributed on the ground, sequentially exciting a ground seismic source (4), and synchronously acquiring an excited seismic signal;
s3, simultaneously acquiring three-component attitude data of each three-component seismic data acquisition point of the data acquisition unit (10) in the step S2 by a three-component optical fiber attitude sensor (6) in the data acquisition unit (10) of the three-component optical fiber detector (2);
s4, a GPS or Beidou time service positioning module (13) at the top of a data acquisition unit (10) of the three-component optical fiber detectors (2) provides position coordinate information for each three-component optical fiber detector (2) and carries out high-precision time service on three-component seismic signals acquired when a seismic source is excited every time;
s5, when the three-component optical fiber detector (2) is a wired three-component optical fiber detector, the data acquisition unit (10) of the wired three-component optical fiber detector transmits the three-component seismic data acquired in the step S2, the three-component attitude data of each data acquisition unit (10) acquired in the step S3 and the position coordinate information recorded in the step S4 to an optical fiber laser signal modem in the ground seismic data acquisition vehicle (1) in real time through an armored optical fiber cable (3), and then the three-component seismic data are converted into the three-component seismic data of each measuring point position;
or when the three-component optical fiber detector (2) is a wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector, the data acquisition unit (10) of the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector converts the three-component seismic data acquired in the step S2, the three-component attitude data of each data acquisition unit (10) acquired in the step S3 and the position coordinate information recorded in the step S4 into electric signals through the photoelectric converter (8), the FPGA programmable integrated circuit (9) modulates and demodulates the electric signals, then outputs the three-component seismic data of each measuring point position, and finally stores the three-component seismic data in the solid-state memory (11); a wireless signal transmitting module (14) on the top of a data acquisition unit (10) of the wireless node type three-component optical fiber detector transmits the three-component seismic data stored in the solid-state memory (11) to a computer arranged in a seismic data acquisition vehicle (1) in the middle of a seismic data acquisition work area in real time for storage;
s6, performing rotation processing on the three-component seismic data of each measuring point position acquired in the step S5 according to the three-component attitude data of the same position acquired in the step S3 to obtain a vertical component of the seismic data vertical to the ground, a horizontal component of the seismic data parallel to the measuring line direction of the ground detector and a horizontal component of the seismic data vertical to the measuring line direction of the ground detector;
and S7, performing ground seismic data processing on the ground three-component seismic data converted into corresponding seismic data acquisition positions in the step S6, and finally obtaining longitudinal and transverse wave velocity, longitudinal and transverse wave impedance, longitudinal and transverse wave anisotropy coefficients, longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients, elastic parameters, viscoelastic parameters, seismic attribute data and ground high-resolution geological structure imaging of a medium below the ground of the work area, wherein the imaging is used for underground geological structure investigation and mineral and oil gas resource exploration, and the high-resolution geological structure imaging of the underground geological mineral resources and the oil gas reservoir and the comprehensive evaluation of the oil gas reservoir are realized.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step S7 is performed by performing ground seismic data processing including static correction, shaping seismic wavelets, removing complex multiples, recovering reliable effective reflected waves from low snr data, performing seismic record reshaping by deconvolution of seismic source signals, improving snr of effective reflected waves, velocity modeling, stratigraphic division, tomography, high frequency recovery, deconvolution, anisotropic time domain or depth domain migration imaging, Q compensation, or Q migration.
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| CN110095809A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-06 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Optical fiber time-frequency electromagnetism and four component earthquake data acquisition device and method in well |
| CN112099077A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2020-12-18 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Borehole seismic data acquisition device and method based on MEMS optical fiber detector |
| CN113391343A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-14 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Submarine optical fiber four-component seismic instrument system and data acquisition method thereof |
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| CN110095809A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-06 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Optical fiber time-frequency electromagnetism and four component earthquake data acquisition device and method in well |
| CN112099077A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2020-12-18 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Borehole seismic data acquisition device and method based on MEMS optical fiber detector |
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