CN114199605B - Horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed and test method - Google Patents
Horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114199605B CN114199605B CN202210149056.8A CN202210149056A CN114199605B CN 114199605 B CN114199605 B CN 114199605B CN 202210149056 A CN202210149056 A CN 202210149056A CN 114199605 B CN114199605 B CN 114199605B
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Abstract
The invention provides a dynamics simulation test bed of a horizontal drill column system and a test method, which relate to the technical field of petroleum development simulation tests and comprise a horizontal drill column module, a power module, a rock breaking module and a measuring module, wherein a sectional type shaft is used for the simulation test bed, so that the restriction of the sectional type shaft on the horizontal drill column can be simulated, and the measuring module can be conveniently installed on the horizontal drill column between two sectional type shafts, so that the monitoring result of the motion state of the simulated horizontal drill column is more real and accurate; the invention also has a conductive slip ring measuring device, realizes accurate measurement of the motion state and the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill string and the drill bit, solves the technical problem that the motion state of a horizontal drill string system cannot be well known and mastered in the prior art, and achieves the technical effect of real-time and accurate monitoring of the motion state and the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill string and the drill bit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum development simulation tests, in particular to a horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed and a test method.
Background
The horizontal well drilling technology is an effective means capable of greatly improving the oil layer drilling rate, and is widely applied to the fields of window sidetracking of old wells and unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. In the prior art, although the static analysis of the horizontal drill string is helpful for better controlling the drilling process and realizing the prediction of the well track, the actual drilling process is a dynamic process, the stress of the horizontal drill string changes along with the change of time, and in order to better understand and master the motion state of the horizontal drill string of the horizontal well, facilitate the scientific prediction of the well track and reveal the dynamic mechanism of the failure of the horizontal drill string, the dynamic analysis of the horizontal drill string of the horizontal well needs to be carried out. At present, a great deal of theoretical research is carried out on the mechanics problem of the horizontal drill string by a plurality of scholars at home and abroad, and a corresponding proportion model is established for theoretical analysis, however, due to the structural complexity of the well body of the horizontal well, the underground operation pipe string generates violent vibration in the drilling process, including transverse vibration, axial vibration and torsional vibration, and the stick-slip vibration is taken as the extreme condition of the torsional vibration, so that the working life of the PDC drill bit is seriously shortened, and the failure of a drill rod and an underground measuring instrument is possibly caused. Therefore, research on the dynamic characteristics of the horizontal drill string is urgent, and the dynamic mechanism of the coupling vibration of the horizontal drill string and the control method of the coupling vibration of the horizontal drill string are researched. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of theoretical research on the mechanical problem of the horizontal drill string, establish an equal proportion model and theoretical calculation, build an indoor test bed for the dynamics of the horizontal drill string of the horizontal well, and analyze the horizontal vibration, the stick slip and the vortex of the horizontal drill string under the conditions of contact and non-contact between the horizontal drill string and the well wall, but the current test bed does not form an accurate measurement system, and the motion state and the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill string and a drill bit can not be accurately monitored in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic simulation test bed and a dynamic simulation test method for a horizontal drill string system, which aim to solve the technical problem that the motion states and vibration characteristics of a horizontal drill string and a drill bit cannot be monitored accurately in real time in the prior art.
The invention provides a dynamic simulation test bed of a horizontal drill string system, which comprises a horizontal drill string module, a power module, a rock breaking module and a measuring module and is characterized in that the horizontal drill string module comprises a horizontal drill string and a subsection shaft, the subsection shaft is coaxially arranged and fixed on a shaft barrel seat, the subsection shaft at least comprises 2 sections, a preset distance is arranged between every 2 adjacent subsection shafts, and the horizontal drill string is arranged in the subsection shaft.
Further, the measuring module at least comprises 1 acceleration sensor, and each acceleration sensor is installed on the horizontal drill string and is positioned in the interval space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores.
Further, the moving space of the acceleration sensor moving axially does not exceed the spacing space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores.
Furthermore, an elastic module is arranged at the end part of the sectional shaft, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the elastic module.
Furthermore, the horizontal drill string module further comprises support rods fixedly connected with two ends of the horizontal drill string respectively, and the support rods are rotatably mounted on the support seat and can move axially along the support seat.
Furthermore, the simulation drill bit is a three-blade PDC micro drill bit.
Furthermore, the measuring module further comprises a test joint, the test joint is fixedly installed between the horizontal drill string and the supporting rod, and a strain gauge is installed on the test joint.
Furthermore, the measuring module further comprises a conductive slip ring, the conductive slip ring comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring is connected with the test connector, and the outer ring is mounted on the guide mechanism and can move axially along the guide mechanism.
Further, the power module comprises a motor, the motor and the simulation drill bit end are both provided with an encoder, and the motor end is also provided with a frequency converter.
The invention also provides a dynamic simulation test method of the horizontal drill column system, which adopts the simulation test bed and comprises the following steps:
1) placing a rock block in a rock fixing frame, and then fixing the rock block;
2) starting a motor and a frequency converter of the power module, loading preset rotating speed and torque, starting a hydraulic cylinder of the power module, and pushing the test bed to move forwards by the hydraulic cylinder to carry out bit pressure loading;
3) starting a measuring module and recording the motion track of the horizontal drill column;
4) initializing an information acquisition module according to test requirements;
5) collecting test data, transmitting the test data to a computer for data analysis, and observing and recording test phenomena;
6) after the simulated drill bit drills into the rock block for a preset distance, the hydraulic cylinder, the frequency converter and the motor are closed;
7) and (3) repeating the steps 1), 2), 3), 4), 5) and 6) according to the test requirements until the test is stopped after the comparison test is carried out on the simulation test combination under different conditions.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a dynamics simulation test bed of a horizontal drill column system and a test method, wherein the dynamics simulation test bed comprises a horizontal drill column module, a power module, a rock breaking module and a measuring module, and the simulation test bed uses a sectional type shaft, so that the restriction of the sectional type shaft on the horizontal drill column can be simulated, and an acceleration sensor can be conveniently installed on the horizontal drill column between two sectional type shafts, so that the monitoring result of the motion state of the simulated horizontal drill column is more real and accurate; the invention also has a conductive slip ring measuring device, the conductive slip ring is used as a transmission device, corresponding voltage and torque signals are measured and output along with the rotation motion and the axial feeding motion of the horizontal drill stem, and the accurate measurement of the motion state and the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill stem and the drill bit is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a sectioned well bore configuration provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a sectioned well bore along section line a-a according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-a horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed; 10-horizontal drill string module; 101-horizontal drill string; 102-a staged wellbore; 103-a well bore seat; 104-a support bar; 105-a support base; 106-test joints; 20-a power module; 201-axial power module; 202-a rotary power module; 30-a rock breaking module; 301-a mock drill bit; 302-a rock block; 303-rock fixing frame; 40-a measurement module; 401-an acceleration sensor; 402-a conductive slip ring; 50-an information acquisition module; 60-a computer; 701-a first rotating speed encoder, 702-a second rotating speed encoder; 801-first displacement encoder, 802-second displacement encoder.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a dynamics simulation test bed 1 of a horizontal drill string system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a horizontal drill string module 10, a power module 20, a rock breaking module 30 and a measuring module 40,
the horizontal drill string module 10 comprises a horizontal drill string 101 and a sectioned well bore 102, as shown in fig. 2, the sectioned well bore 102 is coaxially arranged and fixed on a well bore seat 103, the sectioned well bore 102 at least comprises 2 sections, a preset distance is arranged between every 2 adjacent sectioned well bores 102, and the horizontal drill string 101 is arranged in the sectioned well bore 102.
In the actual drilling process, contact exists between a horizontal drill string and a well wall/casing, the vibration characteristic of a drill bit on a drill rod is directly influenced by the constraint of the casing on the horizontal drill string, and in consideration of the measurement of the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill string and the constraint influence of the casing on the horizontal drill string, the obtained embodiment of the invention adopts an open casing, namely, a complete casing is divided into a plurality of distributed short casings, so that the constraint of the casing on the horizontal drill string can be simulated, and meanwhile, a measuring module 40 is conveniently installed on the horizontal drill string between the two casings.
Specifically, the measurement module 40 at least comprises 1 acceleration sensor 401, each acceleration sensor 401 is mounted on the horizontal drill string 101, since the acceleration sensor 401 will move axially along the horizontal drill string 101 during the simulated drilling process, in order to prevent the acceleration sensor 401 from touching the segmented wellbore 102 and causing damage, the mounting position of the acceleration sensor 401 is located in the space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores 102, and the moving space of the acceleration sensor 401 in the axial direction is located in the space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores 102.
Specifically, the acceleration sensor 401 is a 9-axis wireless acceleration sensor, and can measure the axial and lateral vibration characteristics of the horizontal drill string 101 during the drilling process, and the specific test mode is as follows: first, the orientation is determined by the quaternion = [1, 2, 3, 4] measured by the acceleration sensor 401, and the gravitational acceleration component in each direction is calculated:
in the above formula, g1 、g2 、g3The gravity acceleration components in the directions of x, y and z are respectively, and g is the gravity acceleration;
finally, subtracting the measured acceleration from the gravity acceleration component to obtain the vibration acceleration in the directions of x, y and z:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
、
、
the acceleration measured by the acceleration sensor 401 in the x, y, z directions,
、
、
the vibration acceleration in the x, y and z directions obtained by final calculation are respectively.
The end of the sectioned well bore 102 is provided with an elastic module, the elastic module can buffer the acceleration sensor 401, a pressure sensor is arranged in the elastic module, and the experimental process is stopped after the system detects a pressure signal of the pressure sensor, so that the acceleration sensor is prevented from being damaged due to collision.
The horizontal drill string 101 is made of a quenched steel rod which has good bending and torsion resistance, can recover within a certain elastic deformation range and can bear large axial pressure;
specifically, the horizontal drill string module 10 further includes a support rod 104 fixedly connected to each end of the horizontal drill string 101, the support rod 104 is rotatably mounted on a support base 105 and can move axially along the support base 105, and the support rod 104 is added to restrain a lateral degree of freedom of the end of the horizontal drill string 101 when measuring an axial force and a torque.
The power module 20 comprises an axial power module 201 and a rotary power module 202, and the power module 20 is fixedly connected with one end of the horizontal drill string module 10 and is used for providing axial power and rotary power for the horizontal drill string module 10. The axial power module 201 is composed of a hydraulic system, and comprises a motor, a plunger pump, a hydraulic oil tank, an electromagnetic valve, an overflow valve and a hydraulic cylinder. The maximum output thrust of the motor can be changed by adjusting the overflow valve. The hydraulic system uses a variable frequency motor which can control the speed of axial feeding, namely the displacement of a pump. And a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with a base of the rotating motor to provide axial thrust for the system. The whole base of the rotating motor is connected with the guide rail through a linear bearing, and the motor base is connected with the horizontal drill string system through a thrust bearing, so that the base can transmit the axial force of the hydraulic cylinder to the drill rod, and meanwhile, the motor can axially slide on the guide rail. The rotary power module 202 provides driving torque for the system, and the module is composed of a variable frequency motor, a speed reducer and a frequency converter.
The rock breaking module 30 comprises a simulation drill bit 301, a rock block 302 and a rock fixing frame 303, and the rock breaking module 30 is fixedly connected with the other end of the horizontal drill string module 10. The simulation drill bit 301 adopts a three-blade PDC micro drill bit, and in order to truly reflect the influence of the drill bit-rock acting force, the three-blade PDC micro drill bit with the diameter of 60mm is adopted; the bit whirl is one of the main reasons for the premature failure of PDC bits, and during the drilling process of the bit, the instantaneous rotation center of the bit is constantly changed, so that the bit deviates from the geometric center and rotates and contacts with the well wall to form the bit whirl.
The measurement module 40 may measure at least one of the following data: the output shaft force and torque of the power module 20, the shaft force and torque of the mock drill bit 301, the axial feed and rotational speeds of the power module 20 and the horizontal drill string module 10, the vibration acceleration at various points of the horizontal drill string module 10.
Specifically, the measurement module 40 further includes a test joint 106, the test joint 106 is fixedly installed between the horizontal drill string 101 and the support rod 104, and a strain gauge is installed on the test joint 106, and when the horizontal drill string 101 is mechanically deformed, a resistance value of the strain gauge is correspondingly changed. The test joint can respond to changes of shaft force and torque with enough sensitivity, and simultaneously needs to meet the torsion resistance and the compression resistance of an experiment so as to prevent the sensor from being damaged due to overlarge axial load and torsion load.
Specifically, the measurement module 40 further includes a conductive slip ring 402, where the conductive slip ring 402 includes an inner ring connected to the test connection 106 and an outer ring mounted on and axially movable along a guide mechanism, the conductive slip ring 402 of this embodiment is a gold-plated conductive slip ring, and as a transmission device, the inner ring of the conductive slip ring 402 is fixed to the test connection 106 and can rotate with the horizontal drill string 101, and the outer ring thereof is constrained by a guide rail with a lateral degree of freedom, so that the conductive slip ring 402 can perform a stable axial feeding motion along the guide rail, and thus, the rotational motion of the horizontal drill string 101 is finally converted into an axial feeding motion of the outer ring of the conductive slip ring 402, and a measured voltage signal can be stably output.
The dynamics simulation test bed 1 of the horizontal drill string system of the embodiment further comprises encoders, specifically a first displacement encoder 701 and a second displacement encoder 702, wherein the first displacement encoder 701 is arranged on the side of the horizontal drill string 101 close to the motor, and the second displacement encoder 702 is arranged on the side of the simulated drill bit 301 and is used for monitoring the displacement and the motion trail of the horizontal drill string 101 and the simulated drill bit 301 and acquiring data; the drilling machine is also provided with a first rotating speed encoder 801 and a second rotating speed encoder 802, wherein the first rotating speed encoder 801 is arranged on the motor, and the second rotating speed encoder 802 is arranged at the position of the simulation drill bit 301 and is used for monitoring and acquiring the rotating speeds of the motor and the simulation drill bit 301; the first displacement encoder 701, the second displacement encoder 702, the first rotating speed encoder 801 and the second rotating speed encoder 802 transmit the acquired displacement, rotating speed and motion track data to the information acquisition device 50 through data lines; the information acquisition device 50 is connected to a computer 60, and the computer 60 analyzes the acquired data.
The embodiment also provides a horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test method, which adopts the horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed 1 and mainly comprises the following steps:
1) placing a rock block in a rock fixing frame, and then fixing the rock block;
2) starting a motor and a frequency converter of the power module, loading preset rotating speed and torque, starting a hydraulic cylinder of the power module, and pushing the test bed to move forwards by the hydraulic cylinder to carry out bit pressure loading;
3) starting a measuring module and recording the motion track of the horizontal drill column;
4) initializing an information acquisition module according to test requirements;
5) collecting test data, transmitting the test data to a computer for data analysis, and observing and recording test phenomena;
6) after the simulated drill bit drills into the rock block for a preset distance, the hydraulic cylinder, the frequency converter and the motor are closed;
7) and (3) repeating the steps 1), 2), 3), 4), 5) and 6) according to the test requirements until the test is stopped after the comparison test is carried out on the simulation test combination under different conditions.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test rig, comprising:
the drilling string module comprises a drilling string and a subsection shaft, the subsection shaft is coaxially arranged and at least comprises 2 sections, a preset distance is arranged between every two adjacent 2 sections of the subsection shaft and fixed on a shaft barrel seat, and the drilling string is arranged in the subsection shaft; an elastic module is arranged at the end part of the sectional shaft, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the elastic module; the drill string module also comprises support rods which are fixedly connected with two ends of the drill string respectively, and the support rods are rotatably arranged on the support seat and can move axially along the support seat;
the power module is fixedly connected with one end of the drill string and used for providing axial power and rotary power for the drill string;
the rock breaking module comprises a simulation drill bit, a rock block and a rock fixing frame, and the simulation drill bit is fixedly connected with the other end of the drill column;
a measurement module that can measure the following data: an output shaft force and torque of the power module, an output shaft force and torque of the mock drill bit, an axial feed and rotational speed of the power module and the drill string, a vibrational acceleration of the drill string;
the measuring module further comprises a conductive slip ring, the conductive slip ring comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring is connected with the test connector, and the outer ring is mounted on the guide mechanism and can move axially along the guide mechanism;
the measuring module further comprises a test joint, the test joint is fixedly installed between the drill column and the supporting rod, and a strain gauge is installed on the test joint.
2. The horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed of claim 1, wherein said measurement module comprises at least 1 acceleration sensor, each of said acceleration sensors is mounted on said drill string and located in the space between each 2 adjacent segmented wellbores.
3. The horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed according to claim 2, wherein the acceleration sensor moves axially no more than the spacing space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores.
4. The horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test rig of claim 1, wherein the simulation drill bit is a three-blade PDC microbit.
5. The horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed according to claim 1, wherein the rotary power module is a motor, an encoder is installed at the motor and the simulation drill bit end, and a frequency converter is installed at the motor end.
6. A method for dynamic simulation testing of a horizontal drill string system using a test rig according to any of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
1) placing rock blocks with the side length of 30cm by 30cm in a rock fixing frame, and fixing the rock blocks through bolts on a left side plate, a right side plate, an upper cover plate and a rear plate of the rock fixing frame;
2) starting a motor and a frequency converter of the power module, loading preset rotating speed and torque, starting a hydraulic cylinder of the power module, and pushing the test bed to move forwards by the hydraulic cylinder to carry out bit pressure loading;
3) starting the measuring module and recording the motion track of the drill string;
4) initializing an information acquisition device according to test requirements;
5) collecting test data, transmitting the test data to a computer for data analysis, and observing and recording test phenomena;
6) after the micro drill bit drills into the rock for a preset distance, the hydraulic cylinder, the frequency converter and the motor are closed;
7) and (3) repeating the steps 1), 2), 3), 4), 5) and 6) according to the requirements until the simulated drilling tool combination under different conditions is subjected to the comparative test, and stopping the test.
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