CN114199566B - Restraint device and adjusting method for vertical rotor-floating bearing test - Google Patents

Restraint device and adjusting method for vertical rotor-floating bearing test Download PDF

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CN114199566B
CN114199566B CN202111330265.4A CN202111330265A CN114199566B CN 114199566 B CN114199566 B CN 114199566B CN 202111330265 A CN202111330265 A CN 202111330265A CN 114199566 B CN114199566 B CN 114199566B
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bearing
adjusting
tested
height
ball
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CN114199566A (en
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张旭
荆建平
徐嘉伟
程建华
温猛
代泽增
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings

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Abstract

The invention provides a restraining device and an adjusting method for a vertical rotor-floating bearing test, wherein the restraining device comprises: a support frame; the height adjusting mechanisms are arranged on the supporting frame at intervals; the height adjusting mechanism comprises support legs, a height adjusting screw rod and a first locking nut, the support legs are fixed on the supporting frame, the height adjusting screw rod is in threaded connection with the support legs, the first locking nut is in threaded connection with the height adjusting screw rod, and the height adjusting screw rod is locked on the support legs through the first locking nut; the lubricating mechanisms are respectively arranged at the tops of the height-adjusting screws, and the heights of the lubricating mechanisms are adjusted through the corresponding height-adjusting screws; the lubricating mechanism comprises a ball bowl and a ball, the ball bowl is fixed on the height-adjusting screw rod, and the ball is arranged in the ball bowl.

Description

Restraint device and adjusting method for vertical rotor-floating bearing test
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of floating bearing-rotor tests, and particularly relates to a restraining device and an adjusting method for a vertical rotor-floating bearing test.
Background
With the widespread use of vertical rotors in large-scale equipment such as nuclear main pumps, water turbines and the like, the research on the vertical bearing-rotor system, especially the static and dynamic characteristics of the vertical bearing-rotor system, is receiving increasing attention. Different from the rotor positioned at the lowest point of the bearing due to the self-weight action when the horizontal rotor is started, the vertical rotor is not always provided with constant radial load when the vertical rotor is started, so that the vertical rotor has extremely high Sofite number and is easy to oscillate and destabilize. The importance of the vertical bearing-rotor test as a direct means for measuring the bearing characteristics and verifying the bearing design method is increasingly prominent.
The loading exciting device in the floating bearing-rotor test is a device which applies radial load or/and exciting force to a bearing which is arranged in a floating way in a test device consisting of a rotor which is fixedly arranged and a bearing which is arranged on the rotor in a floating way under the operation working condition. If static characteristics of the bearing, such as load-eccentricity/deflection angle curves in particular, are to be obtained, radial forces need to be applied to the floating bearing; to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the bearing, such as two positive stiffness coefficients, two cross stiffness coefficients, two positive damping coefficients and two cross damping coefficients of a tilt-free bearing, in particular, it is necessary to apply an excitation force to the floating bearing. As a common horizontal floating bearing-rotor experimental device, a hydraulic cylinder applies radial force to a floating bearing, a pair of electromagnetic vibration exciters arranged in the orthogonal direction applies exciting force to the floating bearing, and the relative motion between the floating bearing and a rotor journal and the pressure of a lubricating film on the surface of a bearing bush are measured to obtain a load-eccentricity/deviation angle curve of a tested bearing-rotor system and eight coefficients of the bearing.
In particular, it is to be noted that in the horizontal floating bearing-rotor test device, since the pressure provided by the lubricating film increases significantly with the eccentricity, when the floating bearing tilts relative to the journal, the lubricating film provides the floating bearing with a restoring moment, which becomes significantly greater as the tilting angle of the floating bearing increases, and since the floating bearing is only subjected to the action of the moment of the lubricating film pressure in the stationary state and the gravitational moment generated when the center of gravity and the geometric center are offset. Normally, when the floating bearing is geometrically symmetric, the bearing is only acted by the pressure moment of the lubricating film, and the bearing will automatically return to the state that the pressure of the lubricating film is 0, namely the state that the axis of the floating bearing is parallel to the axis of the rotor. Therefore, the horizontal floating bearing-rotor experimental device has low requirement on the initial parallelism of the floating bearing and the rotor, so that the floating bearing can be restrained by using a rope mechanism with poor restraining effect and positioning accuracy when loading excitation is carried out.
Different from a horizontal floating bearing-rotor experimental device, because the loading direction and the dead weight direction of a floating bearing of a vertical floating bearing-rotor experimental device are different and are generally vertical to each other, under the condition that an initial installation inclination exists, if the floating bearing moves to a state that the axis and the shaft neck are parallel to each other by means of the torque of a lubricating film, namely the vertical bearing is in a normal running state without external load, the torque generated by the lubricating film must overcome the torque of a first constraint point which appears in the opposite direction of the gravity to the inclination direction. When the bearing is in a state where its axis and journal are parallel to each other, the thickness of the lubricating film between the bearing and the journal is equal everywhere, and then the yawing moment cannot be generated. Therefore, for a horizontal floating bearing-rotor experimental device, different from a vertical floating bearing-rotor experimental device, if an inclined angle exists between the axis of the floating bearing and the shaft neck when the floating bearing is installed, the floating bearing cannot be adjusted to a position parallel to the axis of the floating bearing and the shaft neck only through the torque provided by the lubricating film. Therefore, for the vertical test device, whether the parallelism of the floating bearing and the journal can be accurately controlled through the constraint device, and meanwhile, the motion of the floating bearing is controlled in a plane parallel to the action direction of the loading and excitation device, and whether the test device can normally operate is directly determined.
The invention discloses a vertical water lubrication radial bearing test device with application number of 201710547304.3 and invention name of the test device and a test simulation method thereof by the intellectual property office of China on the 09.01 year in 2017, wherein the test device comprises a bracket consisting of a motor bracket, a middle bracket and a lower bracket, an upper rotor supporting component arranged at the joint part of the motor bracket and the middle bracket, a test bearing fixing component arranged at the joint part of the middle bracket and the lower bracket, a lower rotor supporting component arranged on the bottom of the lower bracket, a load applying device arranged on the side part of the lower bracket and a driving motor arranged on the motor bracket. Compared with the present invention, the bearing restraint device in the test device, i.e. the "test bearing fixing component", makes the tested bearing in a static state in the test process, i.e. for a given radial static load, the bearing is always kept in its static equilibrium position, and the technical problems that cannot be solved further include: 1. because the bearing can not move freely in the plane, only the static characteristic coefficient can be measured, and the dynamic characteristic coefficient can not be measured. 2. Because the bearing is directly arranged on the bearing fixing part, the geometric position of the tested bearing and the rotor is limited by the processing precision of the bearing fixing part, when the bearing clearance is small, the part is required to have higher geometric processing precision, and the cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a restraining device for a vertical rotor-floating bearing test, comprising:
a support frame;
the height adjusting mechanisms are arranged on the supporting frame at intervals; the height adjusting mechanism comprises support legs, a height adjusting screw rod and a first locking nut, the support legs are fixed on the supporting frame, the height adjusting screw rod is in threaded connection with the support legs, the first locking nut is in threaded connection with the height adjusting screw rod, and the height adjusting screw rod is locked on the support legs through the first locking nut;
the lubricating mechanisms are respectively arranged at the tops of the heightening screws, and the heights of the lubricating mechanisms are adjusted through the corresponding heightening screws; the lubricating mechanism comprises a ball bowl and a ball, the ball bowl is fixed on the height-adjusting screw rod, and the ball is arranged in the ball bowl.
Preferably, the ball bowl is in threaded connection with the height-adjusting screw rod and is locked on the height-adjusting screw rod through a second locking nut.
Preferably, the upper end surface of the ball bowl is provided with a shallow flat-bottom groove, the ball is arranged in the shallow flat-bottom groove, and the flat-bottom surface of the shallow flat-bottom groove is perpendicular to the axis of the corresponding height-adjusting screw.
Preferably, the play between the ball and the edge of the shallow flat bottom groove is larger than the bearing clearance.
Preferably, the lead of the heightening screw is selected according to the radial clearance of a tested bearing, and the smaller the radial clearance of the tested bearing, the smaller the lead of the heightening screw is selected.
The invention also provides an adjusting method of the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test, wherein the axis of the rotor is in a vertical state, and the adjusting method comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a restraint device on a test bed base, loosening a first locking nut, and adjusting each height-adjusting screw rod to enable the top heights of all balls to be consistent;
s2, placing the tested bearing on the ball of the restraint device, and adjusting the height-adjusting screw rod to enable all the ball to be in contact with the lower end face of the tested bearing;
s3, measuring the inclination angle of the end face of the tested bearing relative to the horizontal plane;
s4, firstly, screwing a first locking nut on any one heightening screw rod, and locking the heightening screw rod on the supporting frame; then adjusting other part of the height-adjusting screw rods until the pitch angle of the end face of the tested bearing is 0;
s5, adjusting the other part of the height-adjustable screw rods until the transverse rolling angle of the end face of the tested bearing is 0, and at the moment, adjusting the tested bearing to be in a horizontal state;
s6, tightening other first locking nuts, fixing other heightening screw rods, and at the moment, achieving a state capable of being tested.
Preferably, the rotor is placed on the test bed base through the tested bearing;
the supporting frame is fixed on the test bed base;
the tested bearing is arranged on a plurality of the balls;
a static load applying device is arranged on the supporting frame, and a loading head of the static load applying device is placed in a loading groove of the bearing to be tested;
and at least two excitation devices are arranged on the test bed base, and excitation heads of the excitation devices are connected with the tested bearing through a guide rod.
Preferably, the bearing to be tested is a sliding bearing.
Preferably, in the test state, the axis of the heightening screw is parallel to the axis of the rotor, and the ball is supported on the lower end face of the bearing to be tested.
Preferably, in a test state, extension lines of the guide rods pass through the center of the tested bearing, and the included angle between the two guide rods is 90 degrees
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention uses the height adjusting mechanism to adjust the angle of the installation plane of the tested bearing, reduces the frictional resistance of the tested bearing during translation by using rolling friction, and ensures that the tested bearing can move approximately freely on a loading and excitation plane. Meanwhile, the adjustment is simple and convenient, and the adjustment precision can be controlled through structural parameters. The cost is low, the operation is simple and convenient, and the universality is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a restraint device according to a preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an elevation mechanism and a lubrication mechanism provided in preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a sectional view of the height adjusting mechanism and the lubricating mechanism provided in the preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a restraining device for a vertical rotor-floating bearing test, which is applied to a testing device and provided by the preferred embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 5 isbase:Sub>A cross sectional view A-A ofbase:Sub>A restraining device for vertical rotor-floating bearing tests, which is applied tobase:Sub>A testing device, according to the preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view B-B of a restraining device for vertical rotor-floating bearing tests, which is applied to a testing device, according to the preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a perspective view of the restraining device for vertical rotor-floating bearing tests, which is provided by the preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention, and is applied to a testing device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a restraining device 1 for loading excitation of a vertical rotor-floating bearing test comprises:
the shape and the structure of the supporting frame 11 are not particularly limited by the invention, and can be set according to the actual use requirement; in the present embodiment, the supporting frame 11 is a C-shaped frame, which includes two upper and lower end plates and a side plate fixedly connecting the two upper and lower end plates; through holes for the upper end and the lower end of the rotor to pass through are formed in the upper end plate and the lower end plate;
the height adjusting mechanisms 12 are arranged on the supporting frame 11 at intervals; the number of the height adjusting mechanisms 12 is not limited in the present invention, and generally, the number should not be less than three, and for example, three or four may be geometrically and evenly distributed, so as to facilitate the positioning and stable support of the roller bearings. The height-adjusting mechanism 12 comprises a supporting leg 121, a height-adjusting screw 123 and a first lock nut 122, the supporting leg 121 is a C-shaped plate and comprises an upper mounting plate, a lower mounting plate and a supporting plate, the upper mounting plate and the lower mounting plate are fixedly connected with the supporting leg 121, the lower mounting plate of the supporting leg 121 is fastened on the lower end plate of the supporting frame 11 through a plurality of threaded fasteners, a height-adjusting screw hole for the height-adjusting screw 123 to be in threaded connection is formed in the upper mounting plate of the supporting leg 121, and the height-adjusting screw 123 is in threaded connection with the supporting leg 121 through the height-adjusting screw hole. The first locking nut 122 is a nut in threaded fit with the height-adjusting screw hole, and the height-adjusting screw 123 is locked on the supporting leg 121 through the first locking nut 122;
the number of the lubricating mechanisms 13 is the same as that of the height-adjusting mechanisms 12, the lubricating mechanisms 13 are respectively arranged at the tops of the height-adjusting screw rods 123, and the lubricating mechanisms 13 are adjusted in height through the corresponding height-adjusting screw rods 123; the lubricating mechanism 13 includes a ball bowl 132 and a ball 133, the ball bowl 132 is fixed on the height-adjustable screw 123, and the ball 133 is disposed in the ball bowl 132. In this embodiment, the ball cup 132 is threadedly connected to the height-adjusting screw 123 and locked to the height-adjusting screw 123 by a second lock nut 131.
In this embodiment, the upper end surface of the ball bowl 132 is provided with a shallow flat bottom slot 1321, the ball 133 is placed in the shallow flat bottom slot 1321, and the flat bottom surface of the shallow flat bottom slot 1321 is perpendicular to the axis of the corresponding height-adjusting screw 123. The shallow bottom slot 1321 of the bowl 132 should have sufficient flatness and hardness so that the ball 133 will not jump greatly when rolling therein and will not yield due to heavy pressure. The play between the balls 133 and the edge of the shallow flat bottom slot 1321 should meet the motion requirements of the bearing under radial static load and excitation, i.e. be larger than the bearing clearance.
When the restraint device 1 is in a working state, the ball bowl 132 is arranged at the top of the height-adjusting screw rod 123; the second lock nut 131 and the ball bowl 132 are screwed on the height-adjusting screw rod 123 together and are pre-tightened with the thread end face of the ball bowl 132; the ball 133 is placed in the shallow flat bottom slot 1321 of the bowl 132, and the tested bearing is placed on the working plane cut by the top end of the ball 133.
Preferably, the support frame 11 should have an attachment structure for radial static load loading means, excitation means, according to the actual test project requirements.
The lead of the height-adjusting screw 123 should be selected according to the adjustment precision, and the smaller the gap of the bearing radius, the smaller the lead is selected.
The legs 121 are mounted to ensure that the axial direction of the height-adjustment screw hole in each leg 121 is substantially along the rotor axis. The height-adjusting screw 123 is mounted with the mating end of the ball cup 132 facing upward.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4 to 7, the present embodiment provides a vertical rotor-floating bearing testing apparatus, including a test bed base 2, a rotor 5, a tested bearing 6, an excitation device 3, a static load applying device 4, and the restraining device 1 described in embodiment 1, where the rotor 5 is placed on the test bed base 2 through the tested bearing 6;
the upper end plate and the lower end plate of the supporting frame 11 are respectively fixed on the test bed base 2 through a plurality of threaded fasteners, the four height-adjusting mechanisms 12 are respectively arranged on the lower end plate of the supporting frame 11 at intervals through the threaded fasteners, and the four lubricating mechanisms 13 are arranged at the tops of the four height-adjusting mechanisms 12; the ball 133 is adhered to the center of the ball bowl 132 by using lubricating grease, so that the movement range of the ball is ensured to be consistent with the designed play;
the tested bearing 6 is positioned in the supporting frame 11, and two ends of the rotor 5 respectively extend out of through holes of upper and lower end plates of the supporting frame 11;
the tested bearing 6 is arranged on a plurality of the balls 133;
the static load applying device 4 is arranged on the outer side surface of the side plate of the supporting frame 11, and a loading head of the static load applying device is placed in a loading groove of the bearing 6 to be tested;
at least two excitation devices 3 are arranged on the test bed base 2 through mounting brackets 8, and excitation heads of the excitation devices are connected with the tested bearing 6 through guide rods 7. The mounting bracket 8 is fixed on the test bed base 2, the exciting device 3 is arranged on the mounting bracket 8, and as an embodiment, two ends of the guide rod 7 are respectively hinged with the tested bearing 6 and the exciting device 3. As another embodiment, the guide rod 7 is made of a flexible material, which has a good lateral flexibility, so that both ends of the guide rod 7 can be directly and fixedly connected with the tested bearing 6 and the excitation device 3.
The present invention is not particularly limited to the type of the subject bearing 6, and in the present embodiment, the subject bearing 6 is preferably a sliding bearing.
The axis of the height-adjusting screw 123 is parallel to the axis of the rotor 5, and the ball 133 is supported on the lower end face of the bearing 6 to be tested.
The extension line of the guide rod 7 passes through the center of the tested bearing 6, and the included angle between the two guide rods 7 is 90 degrees.
When the device works, the rotor 5 runs at a certain rotating speed, the radial static load applying device 4 applies a radial load to the tested bearing 6 through the expansion and contraction of the loading head, and the exciting device 3 applies excitation with set frequency to the tested bearing 6 through the guide rod 7. At this time, the tested bearing 6 and the rotor 5 perform relative movement due to the action of radial static load and excitation, wherein the radial static load changes the static equilibrium position of the tested bearing 6 relative to the rotor 5, and the excitation force enables the tested bearing 6 to perform elliptic movement around the equilibrium position. The plane in which the subject bearing 6 makes the above-mentioned movement is determined by the restraining device 1, and the lubricating mechanism 13 in the restraining device 1 is used for reducing the frictional resistance between the subject bearing 6 and the restraining device 1 when making the above-mentioned movement.
Taking the example that the axis of the rotor 5 is in a vertical state, the adjusting method of the test device comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting the restraint device 1 on a test bed base 2, loosening a first locking nut 122, and adjusting each height-adjusting screw rod 123 to enable the top heights of all balls 133 to be consistent;
s2, placing the bearing 6 to be tested on the ball 133 of the restraint device 1, and adjusting the height-adjusting screw 123 to enable all the ball 133 to be in contact with the lower end face of the bearing to be tested, wherein the generated contact force is approximately the same;
s3, measuring the inclination angle of the end surface of the tested bearing 6 relative to the horizontal plane, and orthogonally decomposing the inclination angle into two directions;
s4, firstly, screwing the first locking nut 122 on any one heightening screw rod 123, and locking the heightening screw rod 123 on the supporting frame 11; then adjusting other part of the height-adjusting screw rods 123 until the pitch angle of the end face of the tested bearing 6 is 0;
s5, adjusting the other part of the height-adjusting screw rods 123 until the transverse rolling angle of the end face of the tested bearing 6 is 0, and at the moment, adjusting the tested bearing 6 to be in a horizontal state;
s6, tightening the other first lock nuts 122 to fix the other raising screws 123, and at this time, reaching a state in which the test can be performed.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (9)

1. A method for adjusting a restraining device for a vertical rotor-floating bearing test, wherein the axis of a rotor is in a vertical state, and the restraining device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a support frame;
the height adjusting mechanisms are arranged on the supporting frame at intervals; the height adjusting mechanism comprises support legs, a height adjusting screw rod and a first locking nut, the support legs are fixed on the supporting frame, the height adjusting screw rod is in threaded connection with the support legs, the first locking nut is in threaded connection with the height adjusting screw rod, and the height adjusting screw rod is locked on the support legs through the first locking nut;
the lubricating mechanisms are respectively arranged at the tops of the heightening screws, and the heights of the lubricating mechanisms are adjusted through the corresponding heightening screws; the lubricating mechanism comprises a ball bowl and a ball, the ball bowl is fixed on the height-adjusting screw rod, and the ball is arranged in the ball bowl;
the adjusting method comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a restraint device on a test bed base, loosening a first locking nut, and adjusting each height-adjusting screw rod to enable the top heights of all balls to be consistent;
s2, placing the tested bearing on the ball of the restraint device, and adjusting the height-adjusting screw rod to enable all the ball to be in contact with the lower end face of the tested bearing;
s3, measuring the inclination angle of the end face of the tested bearing relative to the horizontal plane;
s4, firstly, screwing a first locking nut on any one heightening screw rod, and locking the heightening screw rod on the supporting frame; then adjusting other part of the height-adjusting screw rods until the pitch angle of the end face of the tested bearing is 0;
s5, adjusting the other part of the height-adjustable screw rods until the transverse rolling angle of the end face of the tested bearing is 0, and at the moment, adjusting the tested bearing to be in a horizontal state;
s6, screwing other first locking nuts, fixing other heightening screw rods, and achieving a state capable of being tested at the moment.
2. The adjusting method for the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test is characterized in that the ball bowl is in threaded connection with the height-adjusting screw and is locked on the height-adjusting screw through a second locking nut.
3. The adjusting method for the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test is characterized in that the upper end face of the ball bowl is provided with a shallow flat bottom groove, the ball is placed in the shallow flat bottom groove, and the flat bottom of the shallow flat bottom groove is perpendicular to the axis of the corresponding heightening screw.
4. The method for adjusting the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test according to claim 3, wherein the clearance between the ball and the edge of the shallow flat groove is larger than the bearing clearance.
5. The adjusting method for the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test is characterized in that the lead of the heightening screw is selected according to the radial clearance of the bearing to be tested, and the smaller the radial clearance of the bearing to be tested is, the smaller the lead of the heightening screw is selected to be.
6. The adjusting method for the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test is characterized in that the rotor is placed on the test bed base through the bearing to be tested;
the supporting frame is fixed on the test bed base;
the tested bearing is arranged on a plurality of the balls;
a static load applying device is arranged on the supporting frame, and a loading head of the static load applying device is placed in a loading groove of the bearing to be tested;
and at least two excitation devices are arranged on the test bed base, and excitation heads of the excitation devices are connected with the tested bearing through a guide rod.
7. The method for adjusting the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test according to claim 1, wherein the bearing to be tested is a sliding bearing.
8. The adjusting method for the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test is characterized in that in a test state, the axis of the heightening screw is parallel to the axis of the rotor, and the ball is supported on the lower end face of the bearing to be tested.
9. The method for adjusting the restraining device for the vertical rotor-floating bearing test according to claim 6, wherein in a test state, the extension line of the guide rod passes through the center of the bearing to be tested, and the included angle between the two guide rods is 90 degrees.
CN202111330265.4A 2021-11-11 2021-11-11 Restraint device and adjusting method for vertical rotor-floating bearing test Active CN114199566B (en)

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