CN114199038A - Electric furnace flue gas treatment system - Google Patents
Electric furnace flue gas treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114199038A CN114199038A CN202111538906.5A CN202111538906A CN114199038A CN 114199038 A CN114199038 A CN 114199038A CN 202111538906 A CN202111538906 A CN 202111538906A CN 114199038 A CN114199038 A CN 114199038A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 358
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 358
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 33
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/001—Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
- B01D46/023—Pockets filters, i.e. multiple bag filters mounted on a common frame
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2064—Chlorine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
- F27D2017/006—Systems for reclaiming waste heat using a boiler
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electric furnace flue gas treatment system which comprises a furnace primary flue gas treatment system, wherein the furnace primary flue gas treatment system comprises a primary dust removal device, a flue gas treatment device, a dioxin treatment device, a main fan and a chimney which are sequentially communicated through a flue gas pipeline, the primary dust removal device adopts a high-temperature dust remover, and the primary dust removal device is used for receiving flue gas of an electric furnace. According to the invention, through the high-temperature dust remover, dust removal is carried out firstly and then flue gas treatment is carried out, so that a large amount of fine cohesive dust contained in high-temperature gas can be prevented from being bonded on the flue gas treatment device, thus the maintenance workload and the operation resistance are reduced, and meanwhile, the heat transfer efficiency and the service life of the flue gas treatment device are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dust removal equipment, in particular to an electric furnace flue gas treatment system.
Background
The flue gas discharged by the electric furnace is mainly divided into two types: primary flue gas and secondary flue gas. Wherein: the primary flue gas generally refers to the smoke discharged from the electric furnace during electric furnace smelting and scrap steel preheating, namely the high-temperature dust-containing flue gas discharged from the 4 th hole or the 2 nd hole during electric furnace smelting, and the commonly adopted smoke discharging modes in the electric furnace include a direct type, a horizontal release type, a bent pipe release type and the like. The secondary flue gas refers to flue gas overflowing from the furnace during charging, tapping, smelting and preheating of the electric furnace, and the flue gas is generally collected by a closed cover and a roof cover.
The electric furnace dust removal technology in China is mainly introduced into the technology of some European countries such as Germany and Italy, and is transformed by combining the characteristics of China on the basis of introducing advanced technology. The flue gas amount exhausted by the electric furnace is very large, the electric furnace smelting process is complex, and the flue gas generated in the operation process of the electric furnace needs to be collected firstly before the flue gas is treated. The form of domestic electric furnace flue gas capture mainly comprises: a closed hood, a semi-closed hood, a roof hood, 4-hole (or 2-hole) smoke exhaust + closed hood + roof hood and the like. The dust removal design of the electric furnace steel-making workshop can be combined into a plurality of dust removal schemes according to requirements due to different process designs and arrangement forms of the workshop.
The dust removal of the primary flue gas inside the electric furnace and the secondary flue gas outside the electric furnace is separately arranged:
(1) a primary flue gas treatment system in an electric furnace:
the flue gas is discharged from the electric furnace, cooled by a water-cooling elbow, burned by a combustion settling chamber to remove harmful gases such as CO, organic waste gas and the like in the flue gas, cooled by a water-cooling flue and a forced air blast cooler (or an air natural cooler), enters a bag type dust collector for dust removal, and is discharged after reaching the standard.
(2) The secondary flue gas treatment system outside the electric furnace:
and collecting secondary flue gas outside the electric furnace through the electric furnace closed cover and the electric furnace roof cover, then feeding the collected secondary flue gas into the bag type dust collector, and discharging the secondary flue gas after reaching the standard.
(II) the dust removal device for mixing the primary flue gas in the electric furnace and the secondary flue gas outside the electric furnace is arranged as follows:
the primary flue gas in the electric furnace is subjected to water cooling, spark trapping, forced cooling or air cooling and then mixed with the secondary flue gas outside the electric furnace collected by the electric furnace roof cover or (and) the electric furnace sealing cover, and the mixture enters the bag type dust collector and is discharged after reaching the standard.
(III) independent and synergetic dust removal device for primary dust removal in electric furnace and secondary dust removal outside electric furnace
The primary dust removal during the electric furnace smelting shares part of secondary smoke discharge amount, so that a fan of a secondary dust removal system can perform large-amplitude speed reduction and energy-saving operation during the electric furnace smelting, the speed is increased only during feeding and tapping, and meanwhile, a normal-temperature dust remover can replace a primary dust removal high-temperature dust remover of the electric furnace, thereby reducing equipment investment and operation cost.
The conventional traditional electric furnace dust removal system has large design air volume, high investment and large energy consumption, and generally adopts a mode of firstly cooling and then removing dust, so that the heat of the flue gas cannot be effectively utilized; or the cold air is mixed into the primary dust-containing flue gas firstly, part of the flue gas is cooled and then part of the heat is recovered through the waste heat boiler, so that a large amount of air is mixed, a large amount of energy is wasted, and a system becomes large, more importantly, the flue gas of the electric furnace is not subjected to dust removal, and a large amount of fine cohesive dust is contained in the high-temperature gas and is bonded on the heating surface of the heat pipe, so that the maintenance workload and the operation resistance are increased, and meanwhile, the heat transfer efficiency and the service life of the heating surface of the heat pipe are reduced; in addition, dioxin in the flue gas of the electric furnace has no effective removal means.
Patent CN 210346366U specifically discloses a steel mill electric furnace flue gas treatment system, which comprises a furnace internal primary flue gas dust removal system and a furnace external secondary flue gas dust removal system, wherein the furnace internal primary flue gas dust removal system comprises a flue gas cooling flue, a combustion settling chamber, a waste heat recovery device, a primary side dust removal device, an adsorbent injection device and a primary side dust collection device; the secondary flue gas dust removal system outside the furnace comprises a flue gas collecting assembly outside the furnace, a secondary side dust removal device and a secondary side dust collection device, a flue gas communicating pipe is connected between the primary flue gas dust removal system and the secondary flue gas dust removal system in the furnace, and a regulating valve is arranged on the flue gas communicating pipe. The electric furnace flue gas cooled by the flue gas cooling flue directly enters the waste heat boiler without being subjected to dust removal, and high-temperature gas contains a large amount of fine cohesive dust and is bonded on the heating surface of the heat pipe, so that the maintenance workload and the operation resistance are increased, and the heat transfer efficiency and the service life of the heating surface of the heat pipe are reduced; and the activated carbon is sprayed into the front pipeline of the primary dust remover to adsorb and remove dioxin pollutants, the adsorption efficiency is low in the mode, the activated carbon (belonging to hazardous waste) for adsorbing the dioxin is mixed into the electric furnace ash, the polluted electric furnace ash is scratched into the hazardous waste risk, the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the waste heat boiler is higher, cold air is required to be doped to reduce the flue gas temperature to ensure the adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon, and the equipment, control and chain protection of a dust removal system become more complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the electric furnace flue gas treatment system, through the high-temperature dust remover, the flue gas treatment is carried out after dust removal, so that the high-temperature gas can be prevented from containing a large amount of fine cohesive dust and being stuck on a flue gas treatment device, the maintenance workload and the operation resistance are reduced, and the heat transfer efficiency and the service life of the flue gas treatment device are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that:
the utility model provides an electric stove flue gas processing system, includes the interior flue gas processing system of stove, and the interior flue gas processing system of stove includes electric stove, a dust collector, flue gas processing apparatus, dioxin processing apparatus, main fan and the chimney that communicate in proper order through the flue gas pipeline, and a dust collector adopts the high temperature dust remover, and a dust collector is used for receiving the flue gas of electric stove. In a specific embodiment, the high-temperature dust collector is adopted, on the basis of a traditional bag type dust collector, the filter bag made of ceramic and metal materials is adopted, the limitation of the use temperature of the filter bag made of traditional chemical fiber materials is broken through (less than or equal to 260 ℃), the dust collection requirement of high-temperature smoke at the temperature of 260 ℃ and 850 ℃ is met, the high-temperature smoke can be directly filtered, the waste heat recovery equipment can be protected and the recovery efficiency is improved in a low-dust environment, meanwhile, the smoke is treated after dust collection, a large amount of fine cohesive dust contained in the high-temperature gas can be avoided, the high-temperature gas is bonded on a smoke treatment device, the maintenance workload and the operation resistance are reduced, and the heat transfer efficiency and the service life of the smoke treatment device are improved.
The metal filter bag is mainly formed by sintering metal fibers or metal powder. The sintered metal fiber filter bag is formed by non-woven laying, overlapping and high-temperature sintering of metal fibers with micron-sized diameters, and is formed by die pressing of pre-fused powder into a tube or a porous plate and then high-temperature sintering. The main materials include 316L, 310S, 00Cr20Al5, Hastelloy and the like, and the long-term use temperature can reach 200-900 ℃.
The ceramic filter cartridge is made by winding high-porosity, low-density ceramic fibers (about 2-3 microns in diameter), the basic material of which is composed of aluminum silicate fibers and an inorganic binder. The ceramic fiber raw material is not easy to react with chemical substances, can be used for a long time below 800 ℃, can bear 1000 ℃ temperature change in a short time, and has better rigidity without a bag or other similar frame structures.
Optionally, the system further comprises an external secondary flue gas treatment system, and the external secondary flue gas treatment system comprises an external secondary flue gas trapping device, a secondary dust removal device, a main fan and a chimney which are sequentially communicated through a flue gas pipeline. The secondary flue gas collecting device outside the furnace can adopt a molten iron chute exhaust hood for collecting flue gas generated when the electric furnace chute is used for charging molten iron, an electric furnace closed hood for collecting flue gas overflowing from an electrode hole during charging of the electric furnace and scrap steel, tapping and smelting, and an electric furnace roof hood, and adopts the electric furnace closed hood and the electric furnace roof hood in a specific embodiment. In a specific embodiment, the secondary dust removal device adopts multiple groups of normal-temperature bag type dust collectors, and the multiple groups of normal-temperature bag type dust collectors are arranged in parallel.
Optionally, the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace is communicated with the primary flue gas treatment system inside the furnace through a connection flue gas pipeline, and the connection flue gas pipeline is provided with an adjusting valve for controlling whether the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace is communicated with the primary flue gas treatment system inside the furnace. The setting of governing valve can let secondary flue gas processing system outside the stove be linked together through flue gas pipeline with the interior primary flue gas processing system of stove, introduces secondary normal atmospheric temperature flue gas and once the flue gas, carries out flue gas temperature regulation, and two kinds of flue gas mix the cooling back, and the safe and stable operation of system is ensured to the dioxin processing apparatus that gets into safely, does not influence electric stove normal production. Compared with the mode that a cold air valve (directly mixed with cold air) is directly adopted, the method can adjust the temperature of the flue gas, and does not introduce extra flue gas.
Optionally, the flue gas treatment device comprises a high-temperature flue gas treatment section and a low-temperature flue gas treatment section, the flue gas treated by the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is introduced into the low-temperature flue gas treatment section for treatment, the flue gas temperature treated by the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is lower than 250 ℃, and the flue gas temperature treated by the low-temperature flue gas treatment section is lower than 170 ℃. Two-stage waste heat recovery is adopted, waste heat effectiveness is fully exerted, and meanwhile, the temperature of flue gas is ensured to be lower than the safe and efficient operating temperature of activated carbon adsorption.
Optionally, the high-temperature flue gas treatment section adopts a waste heat boiler to perform high-temperature section waste heat recovery on the primary flue gas of the electric furnace after high-temperature dust removal, and in a specific embodiment, a cooling wall film type waste heat boiler, a heat pipe type waste heat boiler or a combined type waste heat boiler mixed with fuel and the like can be adopted. And the low-temperature flue gas treatment section further recovers the waste heat of the low-temperature section by adopting a gas-water heat exchanger to the flue gas discharged by the waste heat boiler. The gas-water heat exchanger is conventional equipment in the prior art.
Optionally, the dioxin treatment device is used for removing toxic and harmful pollutants such as dioxin and the like in the flue gas, and an activated carbon adsorption device based on an adsorption removal principle can be adopted, and the activated carbon adsorption device comprises a moving bed mode and a fixed bed mode; a dioxin removal device based on the catalytic oxidative decomposition principle can also be adopted. Compared with an activated carbon adsorption device, the dioxin removal device based on the catalytic oxidation decomposition principle has different principles, better and more stable decomposition effect and no environmental influence.
Particularly, the dioxin removal device is based on a functional new material of a nano adsorption material coupled catalytic decomposition agent, so that the dioxin can be adsorbed and accumulated at low concentration and can be decomposed into water, oxygen and hydrogen chloride in an in-situ catalytic decomposition way, and no secondary pollution or harmful byproducts are generated. Particularly, compared with activated carbon, the novel functional material can be simply regenerated on line, the decomposition capacity is recovered by more than 90%, and the novel functional material can be recycled for 5-10 times under common working conditions.
The nano adsorption material mainly comprises carbon nano tubes and the like, and the specific improvement and enhancement are carried out on the surfaces of the carbon nano tube pore passages, so that the gathering rate of dioxin is increased, and the low-concentration dioxin can be rapidly catalytically decomposed. The carbon nano-tube has small tube diameter and large surface energy, and is easy to mutually attract under the influence of Van der Waals force and mutual pi electron action to form agglomerates with larger size, thereby influencing the dispersion of the agglomerates in the polymer. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the carbon nanotube and the polymer, a physical and chemical modification is generally performed on the surface of the carbon nanotube. The physical modification is mainly to modify the surface of the carbon nano tube by adsorption, coating and coating, and the method does not damage the structure of the carbon nano tube and keeps the original excellent performance of the carbon nano tube. The chemical modification is that the carbon nano tube and a modifier perform chemical reaction to change the surface structure and the state of the carbon nano tube. The dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes can be improved by physical or chemical modification.
The catalytic decomposing agent contains transition metal oxide, copper and its oxide, wherein the transition metal oxide has V2O5、TiO2The catalyst mainly plays a role in decomposing dioxin accumulated in the pore canal in situ and in real time, and metals such as copper, iron, manganese and the like and oxides thereof mainly play a role in catalytic dechlorination, so that the catalytic decomposition reaction is prevented from being influenced by chlorine atoms, and the catalyst can provide the dioxin removal efficiency of more than 95 percent at a lower temperature.
Optionally, a first cut-off valve is respectively arranged on a flue gas pipeline at a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature flue gas processing section, a first flue gas pipeline is further arranged between the flue gas outlet of the primary dust removal device and the flue gas inlet of the low-temperature flue gas processing section, a second cut-off valve for controlling whether the primary dust removal device is communicated with the low-temperature flue gas processing section is arranged on the first flue gas pipeline, after the first cut-off valve is closed, the high-temperature flue gas processing section is off-line, the second cut-off valve controls the primary dust removal device to be communicated with the low-temperature flue gas processing section through the first flue gas pipeline, and the secondary flue gas processing system outside the regulating valve is controlled to be communicated with the first flue gas pipeline through the flue gas pipeline. In a specific embodiment, when the high-temperature flue gas treatment section breaks down, the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is offline through a first stop valve, secondary normal-temperature flue gas is introduced into primary flue gas through a flue connected with a primary flue gas treatment system and a secondary flue gas treatment system, and the two types of flue gas are mixed and cooled and then safely enter a dioxin treatment device through a gas-water heat exchanger, so that the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured, and the normal production of an electric furnace is not influenced.
Optionally, a third cut-off valve is respectively arranged on a flue gas pipeline at a flue gas inlet and a flue gas pipeline at an outlet of the low-temperature flue gas processing section, a second flue gas pipeline is further arranged between a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature flue gas processing section and a flue gas inlet of the dioxin processing device, a fourth cut-off valve for controlling whether the high-temperature flue gas processing section is communicated with the dioxin processing device is arranged on the second flue gas pipeline, after the third cut-off valve is closed, the low-temperature flue gas processing section is off-line, the fourth cut-off valve controls the high-temperature flue gas processing section to be communicated with the dioxin processing device through the second flue gas pipeline, and the secondary flue gas processing system outside the regulating valve is communicated with the second flue gas pipeline through the flue gas pipeline. In a specific embodiment, when the low-temperature flue gas treatment section has a fault, the low-temperature flue gas treatment section is offline through a third stop valve, secondary normal-temperature flue gas is introduced into primary flue gas through a flue connected with the primary flue gas treatment system and a secondary flue gas treatment system, and the two types of flue gas are mixed and cooled to safely enter a dioxin treatment device, so that the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured, and the normal production of an electric furnace is not influenced.
Optionally, after the first cut-off valve and the third cut-off valve are closed simultaneously, the second cut-off valve and the fourth cut-off valve control the primary dust removal device to be communicated with the dioxin treatment device through the first flue gas pipeline and the second flue gas pipeline, and the regulating valve controls the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace to be communicated with the first flue gas pipeline through the flue gas pipeline. In a specific embodiment, when the high-temperature flue gas treatment section and the low-temperature flue gas treatment section simultaneously have faults, the high-temperature flue gas treatment section and the low-temperature flue gas treatment section are offline through the first stop valve and the third stop valve, and simultaneously, the first flue gas and the second flue gas are mixed and cooled through the flue connected with the primary flue gas treatment system and the secondary flue gas treatment system, and then safely enter the dioxin treatment device, so that the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured, and the normal production of the electric furnace is not influenced.
Optionally, a combustion settling chamber and a cooling flue are further arranged between the electric furnace and the primary dust removal device in sequence. In a specific embodiment, the combustion settling chamber is used for fully combusting CO gas contained in the flue gas, so that the safety is ensured; and large particles contained in the flue gas are settled, so that the load of subsequent dust removal is reduced. The cooling flue is used for reducing the primary high-temperature flue gas in the electric furnace from about 1400 ℃ to the inlet temperature of 350-700 ℃ for the economic operation of the waste heat boiler, so that the economic and efficient waste heat recovery is ensured. The cooling flue can be a traditional water-cooling flue, and a more energy-saving vaporization cooling flue can be preferably selected to replace the traditional water-cooling flue, so that the vaporization waste heat recovery is carried out on the initial high-temperature flue gas while the cooling of the flue gas is ensured, and the steam is produced for production and living use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, through the high-temperature dust remover, dust removal is carried out firstly, and then waste heat recovery is carried out, so that a large amount of fine cohesive dust contained in high-temperature gas can be avoided and is bonded on the heating surface of the heat pipe of the waste heat boiler, thus the maintenance workload and the operation resistance are reduced, and meanwhile, the heat transfer efficiency of the heating surface of the heat pipe is improved and the service life is prolonged;
2. according to the invention, the efficiency of adsorbing and removing pollutants such as dioxin is effectively improved by the dioxin treatment device independently arranged at the low-temperature section, and the risk that the electric furnace dust removal ash is scratched into hazardous waste is avoided;
3. the system has the advantages of high efficiency and safety in cooperative treatment of pollutants, complete system protection measures, mutual response and energy-saving operation of the primary flue gas treatment system and the secondary flue gas treatment system of the electric furnace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a primary flue gas treatment system in the furnace; 11. a combustion settling chamber; 12. a vaporizing cooling flue; 13. a high temperature dust remover; 14. a waste heat boiler; 15. a gas-water heat exchanger; 16. an activated carbon adsorption bed; 17. a main fan; 18. a chimney; 2. a secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace; 21. an electric furnace closed cover; 22. an electric furnace roof cover; 23. a secondary dust removal device; 24. a main fan; 25. a chimney; 3. adjusting a valve; 4. a first shut-off valve; 5. a first flue gas duct; 6. a second shut-off valve; 7. a third shut-off valve; 8. a second flue gas duct; 9. and a fourth shut-off valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, a detailed description is given below by way of specific examples. Wherein the figures are not necessarily to scale, and certain features may be exaggerated or minimized to more clearly show details of the features; unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those in the technical field to which this application belongs.
In the present invention, the terms "mounted," "connected," "communicating," and the like are to be construed broadly unless otherwise specifically limited. For example, "connected," may be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the interconnection of two elements or through the interaction of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The flue gas treatment system of the electric furnace shown in the attached figure 1 comprises a primary flue gas treatment system 1 in the furnace and a secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the furnace.
The primary flue gas treatment system 1 in the furnace comprises a combustion settling chamber 11 communicated with the interior of the electric furnace, an evaporation cooling flue 12 communicated with the combustion settling chamber 11, a high-temperature dust remover 13 communicated with the cooling flue 12, a waste heat boiler 14 communicated with the high-temperature dust remover 13, a gas-water heat exchanger 15 communicated with the waste heat boiler 14, an activated carbon adsorption bed 16 communicated with the gas-water heat exchanger 15, a main fan 17 communicated with the activated carbon adsorption bed 16, and the main fan 17 is communicated with a chimney 18.
In this embodiment, the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 has the advantages of more uniform contact with pollutants, longer contact time, and no interference from other dusts and fumes, and meanwhile, compared with the way of spraying activated carbon before the dust remover, the lower the temperature at the end of the activated carbon adsorption bed 16, the higher the safety, and the higher the efficiency.
In other specific embodiments, the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 can be replaced by a dioxin removal device based on the catalytic oxidation decomposition principle, which has a different principle than the activated carbon adsorption device, and the decomposition effect of the dioxin removal device based on the catalytic oxidation decomposition principle is better and more stable, and is not affected by the environment.
The temperature of primary high-temperature flue gas in the electric furnace is reduced to 350-700 ℃ through a combustion settling chamber 11 and a vaporization cooling flue 12, then the primary high-temperature flue gas enters a high-temperature dust remover 13 for dust removal, a waste heat boiler 14 performs high-temperature section flue gas waste heat recovery on the high-temperature flue gas after dust removal and purification, the flue gas temperature is reduced to about 220 ℃ and then enters a gas-water heat exchanger 15 for low-temperature section flue gas waste heat recovery, the temperature is further reduced to below 150 ℃, the temperature is reduced to the safe and efficient temperature of activated carbon adsorption, the flue gas enters an activated carbon adsorption bed 16 for removing toxic and harmful pollutants such as dioxin, and the like, and finally the flue gas reaches the standard and is discharged.
The secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the furnace comprises an electric furnace closed cover 21, an electric furnace roof cover 22 communicated with the electric furnace closed cover 21, a secondary dust removal device 23 communicated with the electric furnace roof cover 22, a main fan 24 communicated with a bag type dust remover 23, and a main fan 24 and a communicating chimney 25. The secondary dust removing device 23 includes a plurality of sets of bag house dust collectors, which are arranged in parallel, and two sets of bag house dust collectors share one main fan 24. The secondary flue gas outside the electric furnace is collected by the electric furnace closed cover 21 and the electric furnace roof cover 22, enters the normal temperature bag type dust collector, and is discharged after reaching the standard.
The secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the furnace is communicated with the primary flue gas treatment system 1 inside the furnace through a connecting flue gas pipeline, and a regulating valve 3 for controlling whether the secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the furnace is communicated with the primary flue gas treatment system 1 inside the furnace is arranged on the connecting flue gas pipeline. The regulating valve 3 is normally closed, and when the waste heat boiler 14 or the gas-water heat exchanger 15 has a fault, the regulating valve is opened to a certain opening degree according to the requirement of temperature regulation.
The flue gas pipelines at the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 14 are respectively provided with a first cut-off valve 4, a first flue gas pipeline 5 is also arranged between the flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 13 and the flue gas inlet of the gas-water heat exchanger 15, the first flue gas pipeline 5 is provided with a second cut-off valve 6 for controlling whether the high-temperature dust remover 13 is communicated with the gas-water heat exchanger 15 or not, when the waste heat boiler 14 fails, after the first cut-off valve 4 is closed, the waste heat boiler 14 is off-line, the second cut-off valve 6 is opened, the high-temperature dust remover 13 is controlled to be communicated with the gas-water heat exchanger 15 through the first flue gas pipeline 5, the regulating valve 3 controls the secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the boiler to be communicated with the first flue gas pipeline 5 through the flue gas pipeline, the secondary normal temperature flue gas is introduced into the primary flue gas, after the two kinds of flue gas are mixed and cooled, the primary flue gas safely enters the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 through the gas-water heat exchanger 15, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system, the normal production of the electric furnace is not affected.
A third cut-off valve 7 is respectively arranged on the flue gas pipeline at the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet of the gas-water heat exchanger 15, a second flue gas pipeline 8 is also arranged between the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 14 and the flue gas inlet of the activated carbon adsorption bed 16, a fourth cut-off valve 9 for controlling whether the waste heat boiler 14 is communicated with the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 is arranged on the second flue gas pipeline 8, when the gas-water heat exchanger 15 fails, after the third cut-off valve 7 is closed, namely, the gas-water heat exchanger 15 is off-line, the fourth cut-off valve 9 is opened, the waste heat boiler 14 is controlled to be communicated with the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 through the second flue gas pipeline 8, the regulating valve 3 is controlled to be communicated with the secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the boiler through the second flue gas pipeline 8, the secondary normal temperature flue gas is introduced into the primary flue gas, the two types of flue gas are mixed and cooled, the system enters the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 safely, so that the system can operate safely and stably without influencing the normal production of the electric furnace.
When the waste heat boiler 14 and the gas-water heat exchanger 15 have faults simultaneously, after the first cutoff valve 4 and the third cutoff valve 7 are closed, namely the waste heat boiler 14 and the gas-water heat exchanger 15 are off-line simultaneously, the second cutoff valve 6 and the fourth cutoff valve 9 are opened, the high-temperature dust remover 13 is controlled to be communicated with the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 through the first flue gas pipeline 5 and the second flue gas pipeline 8, and the regulating valve 3 is controlled to be communicated with the secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the boiler and the first flue gas pipeline 5 through the flue gas pipeline. The secondary normal-temperature flue gas is introduced into the primary flue gas, and the two types of flue gas are mixed and cooled and then safely enter the activated carbon adsorption bed 16, so that the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured, and the normal production of the electric furnace is not influenced.
The electric furnace flue gas treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) reducing the temperature of primary high-temperature flue gas in an electric furnace to 350-700 ℃ through a combustion settling chamber 11 and a vaporization cooling flue 12 during electric furnace smelting, and then entering a high-temperature dust remover 13 for dust removal;
(2) the purified high-temperature flue gas passes through a waste heat boiler 14 to recover the flue gas waste heat of a high-temperature section, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to about 220 ℃, and then the flue gas enters a gas-water heat exchanger 15 to recover the flue gas waste heat of a low-temperature section, and the temperature is further reduced to below 150 ℃;
(3) the cooled flue gas enters an activated carbon adsorption bed 16 to remove toxic and harmful pollutants such as dioxin and the like, and finally the flue gas is discharged after reaching the standard;
(4) and secondary flue gas generated during charging and tapping of the electric furnace is collected by the electric furnace closed cover 21 and the electric furnace roof cover 22, enters the secondary dust removal device 23 for dust removal, and is discharged after reaching the standard.
And (3) performing the step (1) and the step (4) simultaneously, without any sequence.
When the waste heat boiler 14 has a fault, the first cut-off valve 4 is closed, namely the waste heat boiler 14 is off-line, the second cut-off valve 6 is opened, the high-temperature dust remover 13 is controlled to be communicated with the gas-water heat exchanger 15 through the first flue gas pipeline 5, the regulating valve 3 controls the secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the boiler to be communicated with the first flue gas pipeline 5 through the flue gas pipeline, secondary normal-temperature flue gas is introduced into primary flue gas, and after the two types of flue gas are mixed and cooled, the mixed flue gas passes through the gas-water heat exchanger 15 and then safely enters the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 to be continuously treated.
When the gas-water heat exchanger 15 has a fault, the third cut-off valve 7 is closed, namely the gas-water heat exchanger 15 is offline, the fourth cut-off valve 9 is opened, the waste heat boiler 14 is controlled to be communicated with the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 through the second flue gas pipeline 8, the regulating valve 3 controls the secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the boiler to be communicated with the second flue gas pipeline 8, secondary normal-temperature flue gas is introduced into primary flue gas, and the two types of flue gas are mixed and cooled, then safely enter the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 and continue to be treated.
When the waste heat boiler 14 and the gas-water heat exchanger 15 have faults simultaneously, the first cut-off valve 4 and the third cut-off valve 7 are closed, namely the waste heat boiler 14 and the gas-water heat exchanger 15 are off-line simultaneously, the second cut-off valve 6 and the fourth cut-off valve 9 are opened, the high-temperature dust remover 13 is controlled to be communicated with the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 through the first flue gas pipeline 5 and the second flue gas pipeline 8, the regulating valve 3 is controlled to be communicated with the secondary flue gas treatment system 2 outside the boiler through the flue gas pipeline 5, secondary normal-temperature flue gas is introduced into primary flue gas, and the two types of flue gas are mixed and cooled, then safely enter the activated carbon adsorption bed 16 and continue to be treated.
Compared with the traditional electric furnace flue gas purification process, the invention adopts a series of purification technologies such as high-temperature dust removal, high-temperature waste heat multi-stage recovery and dioxin treatment device to carry out cooperative treatment on electric furnace pollutants and recover waste heat.
When faults of the waste heat boiler, the gas-water heat exchanger and the like occur, the waste heat boiler and the gas-water heat exchanger can be offline through the cut-off valve, the primary flue gas treatment system and the secondary flue gas treatment system are connected through the flue, the primary flue gas and the secondary flue gas are mixed and cooled and then safely enter subsequent equipment, the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured, the normal production of the electric furnace is not influenced, and the purification system of the primary flue gas and the secondary flue gas of the electric furnace can operate independently and can be used for cooperative treatment and safety protection.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not intended to encompass all possible implementations encompassed by the claims. Various modifications and changes may also be made on the basis of the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Likewise, various features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined to form additional embodiments of the present invention that may not be explicitly described. Therefore, the above examples only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system is characterized by comprising a furnace primary flue gas treatment system, wherein the furnace primary flue gas treatment system comprises a primary dust removal device, a flue gas treatment device, a dioxin treatment device, a main fan and a chimney which are sequentially communicated through a flue gas pipeline, the primary dust removal device adopts a high-temperature dust remover, and the primary dust removal device is used for receiving flue gas of an electric furnace.
2. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising an external secondary flue gas treatment system, wherein the external secondary flue gas treatment system comprises an external secondary flue gas capture device, a secondary dust removal device, a main fan and a chimney which are sequentially communicated through a flue gas pipeline.
3. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 2, wherein the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace is communicated with the primary flue gas treatment system inside the furnace through a connecting flue gas pipeline, and an adjusting valve for controlling whether the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace is communicated with the primary flue gas treatment system inside the furnace is arranged on the connecting flue gas pipeline.
4. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 3, wherein the flue gas treatment device comprises a high-temperature flue gas treatment section and a low-temperature flue gas treatment section, the flue gas treated by the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is introduced into the low-temperature flue gas treatment section for treatment, the temperature of the flue gas treated by the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is lower than 250 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas treated by the low-temperature flue gas treatment section is lower than 170 ℃.
5. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 4, wherein the high-temperature flue gas treatment section adopts a waste heat boiler to recover waste heat of flue gas, and the low-temperature flue gas treatment section adopts a gas-water heat exchanger to recover waste heat of flue gas.
6. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the dioxin treatment device employs an activated carbon adsorption device or a dioxin removal device based on the catalytic oxidative decomposition principle.
7. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 4, wherein flue gas pipelines at the flue gas inlet and outlet of the high-temperature flue gas treatment section are respectively provided with a first cut-off valve, a first flue gas pipeline is further arranged between the flue gas outlet of the primary dust removal device and the flue gas inlet of the low-temperature flue gas treatment section, the first flue gas pipeline is provided with a second cut-off valve for controlling whether the primary dust removal device is communicated with the low-temperature flue gas treatment section, after the first cut-off valve is closed, the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is off-line, the second cut-off valve controls the primary dust removal device to be communicated with the low-temperature flue gas treatment section through the first flue gas pipeline, and the regulating valve controls the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace to be communicated with the first flue gas pipeline through the flue gas pipeline.
8. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 4, wherein a third shut-off valve is respectively arranged on the flue gas pipeline at the flue gas inlet and outlet of the low-temperature flue gas treatment section, a second flue gas pipeline is further arranged between the flue gas outlet of the high-temperature flue gas treatment section and the flue gas inlet of the dioxin treatment device, a fourth shut-off valve for controlling whether the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is communicated with the dioxin treatment device is arranged on the second flue gas pipeline, after the third shut-off valve is closed, the low-temperature flue gas treatment section is off-line, the fourth shut-off valve controls the high-temperature flue gas treatment section to be communicated with the dioxin treatment device through the second flue gas pipeline, and a regulating valve controls the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace to be communicated with the second flue gas pipeline through the flue gas pipeline.
9. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 7, wherein a third shut-off valve is respectively provided on the flue gas pipeline at the flue gas inlet and outlet of the low-temperature flue gas treatment section, a second flue gas pipeline is further provided between the flue gas outlet of the high-temperature flue gas treatment section and the flue gas inlet of the dioxin treatment device, a fourth shut-off valve is provided on the second flue gas pipeline for controlling whether the high-temperature flue gas treatment section is communicated with the dioxin treatment device, when the third shut-off valve is closed, the low-temperature flue gas treatment section is off-line, the fourth shut-off valve controls the high-temperature flue gas treatment section to be communicated with the dioxin treatment device through the second flue gas pipeline, the regulating valve controls the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace to be communicated with the second flue gas pipeline through the flue gas pipeline, and simultaneously after the first shut-off valve and the third shut-off valve are closed, and the second stop valve and the fourth stop valve control the primary dust removal device and the dioxin treatment device to be communicated through a first flue gas pipeline and a second flue gas pipeline, and the regulating valve controls the secondary flue gas treatment system outside the furnace to be communicated with the first flue gas pipeline through a flue gas pipeline.
10. The electric furnace flue gas treatment system according to claim 1, wherein a combustion settling chamber and a cooling flue are further arranged between the electric furnace and the primary dust removal device in sequence.
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