CN114196950A - Double-beam ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head and cladding method thereof - Google Patents
Double-beam ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head and cladding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114196950A CN114196950A CN202111310856.5A CN202111310856A CN114196950A CN 114196950 A CN114196950 A CN 114196950A CN 202111310856 A CN202111310856 A CN 202111310856A CN 114196950 A CN114196950 A CN 114196950A
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000576 Laminated steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-beam ultra-high-speed laser cladding head and a cladding method thereof, wherein the double-beam ultra-high-speed laser cladding head comprises a main beam splitter, two beams of laser separated by the main beam splitter are respectively connected with a first sub-cladding head and a second sub-cladding head through optical path systems, the first sub-cladding head and the second sub-cladding head are provided with independent beams, a powder path, a protection gas path and independently adjusted spot sizes and defocusing amounts, and the first sub-cladding head is used for cladding steel powder to form a steel layer; the second sub-cladding head is used for cladding ceramic powder to form a ceramic layer. According to the invention, the two sub-cladding heads are clad and formed at the same time in the cladding process, the steel powder and the ceramic powder are clad respectively, the ceramic layer and the steel layer are formed respectively, and the steel-bonded hard alloy with the layered structure with the steel layer and the ceramic layer alternating with each other is finally formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machine manufacturing, in particular to a double-beam ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head and a cladding method thereof.
Background
The steel bonded hard alloy is a composite material which takes steel as a binding phase and hard ceramic particles such as TiC and WC and the like and a composite phase thereof as a strengthening phase, has comprehensive excellent performances of the steel and the hard alloy, and is widely used for preparing surface material layers and damage repairing layers of various heavy-duty key wear-resistant parts. The application relates to a plurality of fields of rail transit, aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like. The steel bonded hard alloy becomes one of important supporting materials in heavy equipment industry by virtue of excellent comprehensive performance and lower cost
The laser cladding technology has unique technical advantages of low dilution rate, concentrated energy density and the like, is widely applied to the preparation of the steel bond hard alloy material layer, and gradually becomes one of the mainstream technologies for preparing the steel bond hard alloy material layer. However, the problem that the material layer is easy to crack is long-term encountered in the process of preparing the steel bond hard alloy material layer by laser cladding. The cracking problem is difficult to solve by the conventional methods such as auxiliary heating, external field assistance and gradient material design. The problems are the major technical problems in the process of preparing the steel bond hard alloy by laser cladding at present and are one of the main factors for limiting the application of the laser cladding steel bond hard alloy technology in the industrial field for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art and solve the problem of cracking in the laser cladding process of the steel bonded hard alloy, the invention provides and designs a double-beam ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head and a cladding method, and the crack-stopping toughening of a cladding layer is realized by utilizing a layered alternating structure of the layered steel bonded hard alloy.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a double-beam ultra-high-speed laser cladding head comprises a main beam splitter, wherein two beams of laser split by the main beam splitter are respectively connected with a first sub cladding head and a second sub cladding head through optical paths, the first sub cladding head and the second sub cladding head are provided with independent beams, powder paths and protective gas paths, the first sub cladding head and the second sub cladding head are provided with independently adjusted spot sizes and defocusing amounts, the axial distance between the two beams of laser emitted by the first sub cladding head and the second sub cladding head is adjustable, and the first sub cladding head is used for cladding steel powder to form a steel layer; the second sub-cladding head is used for cladding ceramic powder to form a ceramic layer.
In the above scheme, the power ranges of the two laser beams emitted by the main beam splitter are both 0-4000W.
The invention also provides a method for carrying out laser cladding on the double-beam ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head, which comprises the following steps: s1: placing the first sub-cladding head and the second sub-cladding head above the matrix, and respectively adjusting the light beam, the powder path and the protective gas path of the first sub-cladding head and the second sub-cladding head; s2: starting a main beam splitter, and respectively adjusting the spot size and the defocusing amount of the first sub-cladding head and the second sub-cladding head and the axial line distance between the two beams of light; s3: the first sub-cladding head and the second sub-cladding head start to act simultaneously, and the first sub-cladding head is used for cladding steel powder in the cladding process to form a steel layer; the second sub-cladding head is used for cladding ceramic powder to form a ceramic layer; finally, the steel bonded hard alloy with the layered structure of the steel layer and the ceramic layer which are mutually alternated is formed.
In the scheme, in the step S3, the thickness of each material layer of the obtained laminated steel bonded hard alloy is not more than 300 mu m.
In the above scheme, in step S3, steel layers and ceramic layers having a single-layer cladding layer thickness of 0.3 μm or less are prepared to form a layered structure in which the cladding layers are alternately arranged.
In the scheme, the light spot size adjusting range of the first sub-cladding head and the second sub-cladding head is 1-2mm, the adjustable distance of the two light spots in the direction perpendicular to the cladding layer is 0-20mm, and the adjustable distance in the direction parallel to the cladding layer is 30-80 mm.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the double-beam laser cladding head is designed, the steel-bonded hard alloy layer with the layered structure, in which the steel layer and the ceramic layer are mutually alternated, is prepared by using the cladding head, and the cracking of the steel-bonded hard alloy laser cladding layer is inhibited by using the toughening characteristic of the layered structure, so that the cracking-stopping and toughening effects of the cladding layer are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a main beam splitter; 2. a first sub-cladding head; 3. and a second sub-cladding head.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a dual-beam ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head includes a main beam splitter 1, and is characterized in that two beams of laser light split by the main beam splitter 1 are respectively connected with a first sub cladding head 2 and a second sub cladding head 3 through optical path systems, the first sub cladding head 2 and the second sub cladding head 3 have separate beams, powder paths and a protection gas path, the first sub cladding head 2 and the second sub cladding head 3 have independently adjusted spot sizes and defocusing amounts, an axial distance between the two beams of light emitted by the first sub cladding head 2 and the second sub cladding head 3 is adjustable, and the first sub cladding head 2 is used for cladding steel powder to form a steel layer; the second sub-cladding head 3 is used for cladding ceramic powder to form a ceramic layer.
The cladding mechanism of this embodiment is: (1) the double-beam cladding head comprises a first sub cladding head 2 and a second sub cladding head 3, each sub cladding head is provided with a separate beam, a powder path and a protective gas path, the laser beams used by the first sub cladding head 2 and the second sub cladding head 3 are formed by splitting a main beam through a main beam splitter 1, and each sub cladding head has an independent cladding function; (2) the cladding head adopts a double-beam mode, the size and defocusing amount of each beam in the double beams can be independently adjusted, the adjustment range of the size of each light spot is 1-2mm, the adjustable distance of the two light spots in the direction perpendicular to the cladding layer is 0-20mm, and the adjustable distance in the direction parallel to the cladding layer is 30-80 mm. The power ranges of the two beams of laser of the cladding head are both 0-4000W. (3) In the cladding process, the first sub-cladding head 2 and the second sub-cladding head 3 respectively clad steel powder and ceramic powder at the same time, and respectively form a ceramic layer and a steel layer, and the single-layer thickness of each material layer of the obtained layered steel-bonded hard alloy is not more than 300 mu m; (4) the hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer are not lower than those of the steel bonded hard alloy obtained by the conventional cladding method, and the crack resistance and the toughness are obviously improved.
And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A double-beam ultra-high-speed laser cladding head comprises a main beam splitter (1), and is characterized in that two beams of laser separated by the main beam splitter (1) are respectively connected with a first sub cladding head (2) and a second sub cladding head (3) through optical path systems, the first sub cladding head (2) and the second sub cladding head (3) are provided with a single beam, a powder path and a protective gas path, the first sub cladding head (2) and the second sub cladding head (3) are provided with independently adjusted spot sizes and defocusing amounts, the axial distance between the two beams of light emitted by the first sub cladding head (2) and the second sub cladding head (3) is adjustable, and the first sub cladding head (2) is used for cladding steel powder to form a steel layer; the second sub-cladding head (3) is used for cladding ceramic powder to form a ceramic layer.
2. The dual-beam ultra-high speed laser cladding head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power of the two laser beams emitted by the main beam splitter is in the range of 0-4000W.
3. A method for performing laser cladding by using the dual-beam ultra high speed laser cladding head of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: placing the first sub-cladding head (2) and the second sub-cladding head (3) above a matrix, and respectively adjusting the light beam, the powder path and the protective gas path of the first sub-cladding head (2) and the second sub-cladding head (3);
s2: starting a main beam splitter (1), and respectively adjusting the spot size and the defocusing amount of a first sub-cladding head (2) and a second sub-cladding head (3) and the axial distance between the two beams;
s3: the first sub-cladding head (2) and the second sub-cladding head (3) start to act simultaneously, and the first sub-cladding head (2) is used for cladding steel powder in the cladding process to form a steel layer; the second sub-cladding head (3) is used for cladding ceramic powder to form a ceramic layer; finally, the steel bonded hard alloy with the layered structure of the steel layer and the ceramic layer which are mutually alternated is formed.
4. The laser cladding method of claim 3, wherein in step S3, each material layer of the obtained layered steel bonded cemented carbide has a single layer thickness of no more than 300 μm.
5. The laser cladding method of claim 3, wherein in step S3, steel layers and ceramic layers with a single cladding layer thickness within 0.3 μm are prepared, forming a layered structure with each cladding layer alternating with each other.
6. The laser cladding method of claim 3, wherein the adjustment range of the light spot size of the first sub-cladding head (2) and the second sub-cladding head (3) is 1-2mm, the adjustable distance of the two light spots in the direction perpendicular to the cladding layer is 0-20mm, and the adjustable distance in the direction parallel to the cladding layer is 30-80 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111310856.5A CN114196950A (en) | 2021-11-08 | 2021-11-08 | Double-beam ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head and cladding method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111310856.5A CN114196950A (en) | 2021-11-08 | 2021-11-08 | Double-beam ultrahigh-speed laser cladding head and cladding method thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104923786A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-23 | 广东奥基德信机电有限公司 | Dual selective laser sintering and nonmetal and metal melting 3D (three-dimensional) printing system |
| CN111269010A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-12 | 上海交通大学 | System and method for 3D printing of layered composite ceramic |
| CN111733414A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for preparing WC particle reinforced metal matrix composite coating by cladding and melt-injection step by step through double welding guns |
| WO2021180257A1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-16 | HPL Technologies GmbH | Device and method the production and secondary machining of layers applied by laser cladding |
| CN114182252A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-15 | 江苏大学 | Method for double-beam laser step-by-step melt-casting steel-bonded hard alloy |
-
2021
- 2021-11-08 CN CN202111310856.5A patent/CN114196950A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104923786A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-23 | 广东奥基德信机电有限公司 | Dual selective laser sintering and nonmetal and metal melting 3D (three-dimensional) printing system |
| CN111269010A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-12 | 上海交通大学 | System and method for 3D printing of layered composite ceramic |
| WO2021180257A1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-16 | HPL Technologies GmbH | Device and method the production and secondary machining of layers applied by laser cladding |
| CN111733414A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for preparing WC particle reinforced metal matrix composite coating by cladding and melt-injection step by step through double welding guns |
| CN114182252A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-15 | 江苏大学 | Method for double-beam laser step-by-step melt-casting steel-bonded hard alloy |
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