CN114188711B - Phased array antenna based on gap waveguide technology - Google Patents
Phased array antenna based on gap waveguide technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN114188711B CN114188711B CN202111489173.0A CN202111489173A CN114188711B CN 114188711 B CN114188711 B CN 114188711B CN 202111489173 A CN202111489173 A CN 202111489173A CN 114188711 B CN114188711 B CN 114188711B
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0233—Horns fed by a slotted waveguide array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The application discloses a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology, which comprises an antenna cover plate, an intermediate dielectric plate and an antenna bottom plate. The antenna cover plate is provided with an electromagnetic band gap structure for realizing the functions of gap waveguide packaging and horn antenna radiation. The flat gap waveguide horn antenna structure can effectively reduce the space between antenna units and realize wide-angle scanning of phased array beams without grating lobes. Groove-shaped slow wave structures are distributed on the antenna cover plate and the antenna bottom plate and used for reducing the length of the antenna and improving the gain index. A coupling groove is arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface of the antenna cover plate and the antenna bottom plate so as to improve isolation between antenna units. The ridge ladder impedance matching structure is used for designing the transition from the coplanar waveguide to the gap waveguide, and the metal cavity and the planar circuit are integrated by combining the non-contact characteristic of the gap waveguide. The antenna cover plate and the intermediate dielectric plate are of a repeated utilization structure, the number of antenna units can be flexibly configured according to the number of phased array channels, and the number of antenna units is not limited in theory.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology.
Background
Phased array antennas are antennas that utilize the change of the feed phase of the radiating elements in the array antennas to achieve beam scanning of the array pattern, and are often used in the fields of radar, communication systems, guidance, electronic countermeasure, and the like. In microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, the metal cavity structure is widely adopted to manufacture the high-performance antenna assembly, and the antenna assembly has the advantages of low loss, high power capacity, good heat dissipation and the like. However, the existing metal cavity structural component needs good electrical contact performance, and has high requirements on processing and assembly precision and reliability and high cost. The gap waveguide technology is used as a novel electromagnetic wave transmission and shielding structure form, and the non-contact characteristic of the gap waveguide technology can effectively make up for the defects, thereby providing convenience for the design of microwaves, millimeter waves and terahertz antennas.
In phased array antenna designs, the mutual coupling between elements changes the current amplitude and phase distribution of the elements, affecting not only the input impedance of the antenna elements, but also the radiation pattern of the elements. To suppress mutual coupling between cells, techniques such as partition walls, electromagnetic band gaps, dummy, artificial electromagnetic materials, etc. may be used, but these methods generally require the introduction of additional circuits or parasitic structures, increase the size or processing cost, and cannot improve both input impedance matching and pattern characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology, which aims to solve the technical problems that the prior method needs to introduce an additional circuit or parasitic structure, increases the size or processing cost and can not improve the input impedance matching and the directional pattern characteristics at the same time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the specific technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology adopts a stacked H-plane horn antenna, and comprises an antenna cover plate, an intermediate dielectric plate and an antenna bottom plate; the antenna cover plate is sequentially stacked with the middle dielectric plate and the antenna bottom plate;
the antenna cover plate comprises an antenna cover plate lower surface and an antenna cover plate upper surface; the lower surface of the antenna cover plate comprises front and rear sides, left and right sides; rectangular metal column arrays are loaded on the front side and the rear side of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate to form PMC surfaces of a gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure; a slow wave structure is arranged on the left side of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate; a ridge ladder impedance matching structure of a transition structure from a coplanar waveguide to a gap waveguide is arranged between the left side and the right side of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate; the ridge ladder impedance matching structure of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure is a ladder structure; the right side of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate is provided with a pressing structure, and the height of the pressing structure is used for pressing the upper surface of the middle dielectric plate to prevent the looseness of the middle dielectric plate and signal leakage;
the upper surface of the antenna cover plate (1) comprises front and rear sides, left and right sides; the left side of the upper surface of the antenna cover plate is provided with a slow wave structure, and the slow wave structure on the upper surface of the antenna cover plate is vertically symmetrical with the slow wave structure on the lower surface of the antenna cover plate; the front side plane area and the rear side plane area of the upper surface of the antenna cover plate are PEC surfaces of a first gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure;
a first coupling groove penetrating through the upper surface of the antenna cover plate and the lower surface of the antenna cover plate is formed;
the middle dielectric plate comprises a middle dielectric plate upper surface and a middle dielectric plate lower surface, the middle dielectric plate upper surface is a coplanar waveguide impedance matching structure of a coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure, the middle dielectric plate lower surface is a metal floor, and a metalized through hole is embedded in a dielectric material between the middle dielectric plate upper surface and the middle dielectric plate lower surface;
the antenna base plate comprises an antenna base plate upper surface and an antenna base plate lower surface, and a slow wave structure is arranged on the left side of the antenna base plate upper surface; the front side plane area and the rear side plane area of the upper surface are PEC surfaces of a second gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure; a second coupling groove is formed between the upper surface of the antenna base plate and the lower surface of the antenna base plate; the lower surface of the antenna bottom plate has the same structure as the upper surface;
the ridge ladder impedance matching structure of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure and the coplanar waveguide impedance matching structure of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure form a coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure;
the PMC surface of the gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure, the PEC surface of the first gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure, and the PEC surface of the second gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure constitute an electromagnetic bandgap structure of the gap waveguide.
Furthermore, the transition structure from the coplanar waveguide to the gap waveguide adopts a ridge ladder structure.
Further, the electromagnetic band gap structure adopts a metal column or a metal strip structure.
Furthermore, the slow wave structure adopts a metal groove structure.
Further, the antenna cover plate and the intermediate dielectric plate are of a recycling structure.
Further, the compressing structure is a rectangular metal column, and the height of the compressing structure is lower than that of the PMC surface of the gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure.
Further, the antenna cover plate, the middle dielectric plate and the antenna bottom plate are fixed together through screws.
The phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technology has the following advantages:
1. the application solves the problems of difficult integration of the metal cavity device and the planar circuit and high requirement of electrical contact performance of the component structural parts by utilizing the non-contact characteristic of the gap waveguide technology;
2. the application utilizes the gap waveguide technology, reduces the assembly difficulty of a large-scale phased array, has lower processing and assembly precision requirements than the prior waveguide technology, and is beneficial to system integration and large-scale production;
3. the number of phased array units can be infinitely expanded by repeatedly stacking the same structure;
4. the application effectively reduces the length of the horn antenna by utilizing the slow wave structure and improves the gain of the antenna;
5. according to the application, the through grooves are introduced among the units, so that the isolation among the units is effectively improved;
6. the flat H-plane horn antenna reduces the space between antenna units and realizes the wide-angle scanning performance of phased array beams without grating lobes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a view of the lower surface of an antenna cover plate of a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is an upper surface view of an antenna cover plate of a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of an intermediate dielectric layer of a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of an antenna chassis of a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a graph of a simulation of the reflection coefficient of each port of a phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technique in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a graph of a simulation of the isolation of adjacent ports of a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technique in accordance with an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 8 is a simulation plot of the active reflection coefficient for each port of a phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technique in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 9 is an E-plane pattern simulation plot of a phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technique in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 10 is an H-plane pattern simulation plot of a phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technique in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 11 is an E-plane pattern scan simulation curve of a phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technique in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
The figure indicates: 1. an antenna cover plate; 2. an intermediate dielectric plate; 3. an antenna base plate; 4. a PMC surface of a gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure; 5. a first metal groove slow wave structure; 6. a ridge ladder impedance matching structure of the coplanar waveguide to gap waveguide transition structure; 7. a compacting structure; 8. a second metal slot slow wave structure; 9. a first coupling groove; 10. a PEC surface of the first gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure; 11. a coplanar waveguide impedance matching structure of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure; 12. a metal floor; 13. metallizing the through holes; 14. a third metal slot slow wave structure; 15. a second coupling groove; 16. the second gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure PEC surface.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects, structures and functions of the present application, a phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technology will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a phased array antenna based on a gap waveguide technology adopts an H-plane horn antenna in a stacked form, and is provided with: an antenna cover plate 1, an intermediate dielectric plate 2 and an antenna base plate 3; the number of array elements in fig. 1 is 8, which can be extended by repeatedly stacking the intermediate dielectric plate 2 and the antenna cover plate 1 on the antenna base plate 3. The antenna cover plate 1, the intermediate dielectric plate 2 and the antenna base plate 3 are stacked together and fixed together by screws.
The antenna cover plate 1 comprises a lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1 and an upper surface of the antenna cover plate 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1 is provided with rectangular metal column arrays loaded on the front side and the rear side, the PMC surface 4 of the gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure is provided with a first metal groove slow wave structure 5 in the middle of the left side, a ridge ladder impedance matching structure 6 of a coplanar waveguide-gap waveguide transition structure is provided with an intermediate ladder structure, the right side rectangular metal column is provided with a pressing structure 7 for fixing the intermediate dielectric plate 2, and the height of the pressing structure 7 is lower than that of the PMC surface 4 of the gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure; the first metal groove slow wave structure 5 plays a role in phase adjustment, so that the electromagnetic wave phases tend to be consistent when reaching the radiating aperture surface of the horn antenna, and the effects of reducing the length of the antenna and improving the gain can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper surface of the antenna cover plate 1 is provided with a second metal slot slow wave structure 8 in the middle of the left side, which is vertically symmetrical with the first metal slot slow wave structure 5 as described above, a first coupling slot 9 penetrating through the upper and lower surfaces is provided between the upper and lower surfaces, and the plane areas on the front and rear sides of the upper surface are PEC surfaces 10 of the first gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure.
The penetrating first coupling groove 9 between the upper surface and the lower surface realizes offset in the antenna through introducing auxiliary radiation caliber beyond the antenna caliber, and the energy radiated by the first coupling groove 9 and the energy coupled through the antenna caliber improve the isolation between the antenna units.
As shown in fig. 4, the middle dielectric plate 2 has a coplanar waveguide impedance matching structure 11 with an upper surface of a coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure, a lower surface of a metal floor 12, and a metalized through hole 13 embedded in a dielectric material between the upper and lower surfaces.
The antenna base plate 3 is shown in fig. 5, the antenna base plate comprises an upper surface of the antenna base plate 3 and a lower surface of the antenna base plate 3, and a groove slow wave structure is arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the antenna base plate 3; the front and rear side planar areas of the upper surface are PEC surfaces 16 of a second gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure; a second coupling groove 15 is formed between the upper surface of the antenna base plate 3 and the lower surface of the antenna base plate 1; the ridge step impedance matching structure 6 of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure and the coplanar waveguide impedance matching structure 11 of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure as described above constitute a complete coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure.
The PMC surface 4 of the gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure, the PEC surface 10 of the first gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure and the PEC surface 16 of the second gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure form the electromagnetic bandgap structure of the gap waveguide, which binds electromagnetic waves inside to form the gap waveguide, thereby effectively reducing radiation loss in the electromagnetic wave transmission process. The gap waveguide is flared to form an H-plane horn antenna structure, and the height of the gap waveguide is smaller than that of the standard rectangular waveguide. The flat structure can reduce the space between antenna units to within a quarter wavelength of the highest working frequency, and realize the wide-angle scanning performance of phased array beams without grating lobes.
The antenna cover plate 1 and the intermediate dielectric plate 2 are of repeated utilization structures, the number of antenna units can be flexibly configured according to the number of phased array channels, and the number of antenna units is not limited in theory.
The antenna cover plate 1 and the antenna bottom plate 2 designed by adopting the gap waveguide technology can effectively reduce the processing complexity, improve the assembly reliability, ensure that the non-contact characteristic of the PMC surface 4 of the gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure and the PEC surface 10 of the first gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure can ensure that the middle dielectric plate 2 is tightly fixed at a specified position, and realize the integration of a metal cavity and a planar circuit.
Simulation results of embodiments of the present application are shown in fig. 6 to 11. FIG. 6 is a graph showing return loss curves for each feed port, S parameter |S for each port in the range of 24-30 GHz 11 |、|S 22 |、|S 33 |、|S 44 The I is better than-15 dB; FIG. 7 is a graph showing the isolation between adjacent feed ports, adjacent antenna element isolation S at most frequency points 21 |、|S 32 |、|S 43 The I is better than-20 dB; FIG. 8 is a graph showing the active return loss of each feed port at a scan angle of 0deg, the active S parameter |S in the range of 24-30 GHz 1 |、|S 2 |、|S 3 |、|S 4 The I is better than-15 dB; FIG. 9 is an E-plane directional diagram plot of a typical operating frequency for a scan angle of 0deg, with a gain maximum of greater than 21dBi; FIG. 10 is an H-plane directional diagram plot of a typical operating frequency for a scan angle of 0 deg; FIG. 11 is a graph of E-plane beam scan patterns at operating frequencies of 28GHz with scan angles of 40 deg.C to 0 deg.
It will be understood that the application has been described in terms of several embodiments, and that various changes and equivalents may be made to these features and embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the application without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the application not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the application will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technology is characterized by adopting a stacked H-plane horn antenna, and comprising an antenna cover plate 1, an intermediate dielectric plate 2 and an antenna bottom plate 3; the antenna cover plate 1 is sequentially stacked with the middle dielectric plate 2 and the antenna bottom plate 3;
the antenna cover plate 1 comprises a lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1 and an upper surface of the antenna cover plate 1; the lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1 comprises front and rear sides, left and right sides; rectangular metal column arrays are loaded on the front side and the rear side of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1 to form a PMC surface 4 of a gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure; a slow wave structure is arranged on the left side of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1; a ridge ladder impedance matching structure 6 of a coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure is arranged between the left side and the right side of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1; the ridge ladder impedance matching structure 6 of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure is a ladder structure; the right side of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1 is provided with a pressing structure 7, and the height of the pressing structure 7 is used for pressing the upper surface of the middle dielectric plate 2 to prevent the looseness of the middle dielectric plate 2 and signal leakage;
the upper surface of the antenna cover plate 1 comprises front and rear sides, left and right sides; the left side of the upper surface of the antenna cover plate 1 is provided with a slow wave structure, and the slow wave structure of the upper surface of the antenna cover plate 1 is vertically symmetrical with the slow wave structure of the lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1; the front and rear side plane areas of the upper surface of the antenna cover plate 1 are PEC surfaces 10 of a first gap waveguide electromagnetic band gap structure;
a first coupling groove 9 penetrating is formed between the upper surface of the antenna cover plate 1 and the lower surface of the antenna cover plate 1;
the middle dielectric plate 2 comprises an upper surface of the middle dielectric plate 2 and a lower surface of the middle dielectric plate 2, wherein the upper surface of the middle dielectric plate 2 is a coplanar waveguide impedance matching structure 11 of a coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure, the lower surface of the middle dielectric plate 2 is a metal floor 12, and a metalized through hole 13 is embedded in a dielectric material between the upper surface of the middle dielectric plate 2 and the lower surface of the middle dielectric plate 2;
the antenna base plate 3 comprises an upper surface of the antenna base plate 3 and a lower surface of the antenna base plate 3, and a slow wave structure is arranged on the left side of the upper surface of the antenna base plate 3; the front and rear side planar areas of the upper surface are PEC surfaces 16 of a second gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure; a second coupling groove 15 is formed between the upper surface of the antenna base plate 3 and the lower surface of the antenna base plate 3; the lower surface of the antenna bottom plate 3 has the same structure as the upper surface;
the ridge ladder impedance matching structure 6 of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure and the coplanar waveguide impedance matching structure 11 of the coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure form a coplanar waveguide-to-gap waveguide transition structure;
the PMC surface 4 of the gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure, the PEC surface 10 of the first gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure and the PEC surface 16 of the second gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure constitute an electromagnetic bandgap structure of the gap waveguide.
2. The phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the coplanar waveguide to gap waveguide transition structure is a ridge ladder structure.
3. The phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic bandgap structure is a metal pillar or strip structure.
4. The phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the slow wave structure is a metallic slot structure.
5. Phased array antenna based on gap waveguide technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna cover plate 1 and intermediate dielectric plate 2 are of a re-usable construction.
6. Phased array antenna based on gap waveguide technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the pinched structures 7 are rectangular metal posts, the height of the pinched structures 7 being lower than the height of the PMC surface 4 of the gap waveguide electromagnetic bandgap structure.
7. Phased array antenna based on the gap waveguide technology according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the antenna cover plate 1, the intermediate dielectric plate 2 and the antenna base plate 3 are fixed together by screws.
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| CN202111489173.0A CN114188711B (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Phased array antenna based on gap waveguide technology |
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| CN202111489173.0A CN114188711B (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | Phased array antenna based on gap waveguide technology |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111082228A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Slow wave substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antenna for millimeter wave communication system |
| CN111600133A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-28 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave radar single ridge waveguide slot array antenna |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111082228A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Slow wave substrate integrated waveguide H-plane horn antenna for millimeter wave communication system |
| CN111600133A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-28 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave radar single ridge waveguide slot array antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| Intergrated 60-GHz miniaturized wideband metasrface antenna in a GIPD process;Hai-yang Xia等;FITEE;174-181 * |
| Ku波段一体化开口脊波导阵列天线;詹珍贤;;雷达科学与技术(第05期);全文 * |
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