CN114184530A - Simulation test device and method for single fracture sand bursting start - Google Patents
Simulation test device and method for single fracture sand bursting start Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 184
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of geological engineering and underground engineering, in particular to a simulation test device and a simulation test method for single-fracture sand bursting start. The single fracture simulating device and the angle adjusting device of the device can simulate single fractures with different fracture opening degrees, widths, lengths and inclination angles; providing gradually and slowly increased water head height for sand bodies in the sand source box by using a water head control device until sand bursting starts and a water-sand mixture in a single fracture simulation device moves; the data acquisition system can continuously acquire and record the water pressure in the sand source box in the test process, the pore water pressure in the fracture in the sand bursting starting process and the migration image of sand particles in the sand bursting starting process, so as to obtain the critical hydraulic gradient of the sand bursting starting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological engineering and underground engineering, in particular to a simulation test device and method for single fracture sand bursting start.
Background
In the process of underground resource development of a near water-containing unconsolidated formation and underground engineering construction, the danger of sand collapse is faced all the time. In the process of excavating in the areas, when the cracks generated in excavation and the protoplast protozoic cracks are communicated with the water-containing loose layer and the underground space, the mud and sand particles in the loose layer can crash the migration channel formed along the cracks into the underground space, bury personnel and equipment, and cause casualties and property loss. With the rapid development of the infrastructure, the traffic industry and the mineral development of China, in tunnel construction and underground mining in recent years, sand collapse disasters frequently occur, and related accidents cause a plurality of casualties and huge economic losses, thereby causing great threats to the safety and normal construction of engineering construction. The cracks are used as main channel types for water sand migration, and the research on the starting conditions of crack sand bursting is the key point of the sand bursting disaster research and is also an important basis and guidance for preventing and controlling the sand bursting disaster under the actual engineering conditions. At present, the research on the sand bursting starting condition aiming at a single fracture is lacked, and the problems that the spatial form of the fracture is difficult to change and the movement of a sand body in the fracture is difficult to observe visually exist in the current test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation test device and a simulation test method for single fracture sand bursting start, which are used for simulating single fracture sand bursting start under the conditions of different fracture opening degrees, fracture lengths, fracture widths, fracture inclination angles and fracture roughness and testing the critical hydraulic gradient of the sand bursting start under different conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A simulation test device for single-fracture sand bursting start comprises a single-fracture sand bursting simulation device and a data acquisition system, wherein the single-fracture sand bursting simulation device comprises a sand source box, an angle adjusting device, a single-fracture simulation device and a water head control device;
the sand source box is a transparent box body, and the box body comprises a bottom plate, two side plates, a sand source box top cover plate, a sand source box rear cover plate and a sand source box front cover plate which are detachably arranged; an exhaust valve and a water inlet valve are arranged on the rear cover plate of the sand source box; the sand source box front cover plate is a gate valve fixedly connected with the box body, and the gate valve can move up and down and is used for fixedly clamping the single fracture simulation device;
the angle adjusting device comprises an angle adjustable platform and a metal frame, the metal frame is fixed on the angle adjustable platform, the sand source box is fixed on the metal frame, and the sand source box can adjust the inclination angle along with the angle adjustable platform;
the single crack simulation device comprises a transparent upper flat plate and a transparent lower flat plate, two transparent base plates which are respectively arranged on two sides are clamped between the upper flat plate and the lower flat plate, a clearance channel is reserved between the two transparent base plates, a space which is surrounded by the upper flat plate, the lower flat plate and the base plates on the two sides is a simulated crack space, and the upper flat plate and the lower flat plate are fixed through a plurality of clamps;
the water head control device comprises a water pump, a water inlet pipe and a pressure regulating valve, wherein one end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the water pump, the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet valve on a rear cover plate of the sand source box, the pressure regulating valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe, and a water pumping port of the water pump is connected to the water tank;
the data acquisition system comprises a first water pressure sensor, a camera and a data acquisition instrument, wherein the first water pressure sensor is arranged on the water inlet pipe and is positioned between the pressure regulating valve and the water inlet valve, the camera is fixed above an upper flat plate of the single crack simulation device through a support, the shooting angle of the camera is vertical to the upper flat plate, and the shooting view field of the camera comprises the whole single crack simulation device; the first water pressure sensor is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument through a data line.
Furthermore, the sand source box top cover plate is fixed on the box body through a hasp, and the sand source box rear cover plate is fixed on the box body through screws.
Furthermore, silica gel sealing rings are arranged on the top cover plate of the sand source box, the rear cover plate of the sand source box and the edges of the gate valve; silica gel is adhered to the surface of the backing plate.
Furthermore, three drill holes are formed in the central axis of the lower flat plate, and the central axis of the lower flat plate is divided into four equal parts in length by the three drill holes; the data acquisition system also comprises a second water pressure sensor, a third water pressure sensor and a fourth water pressure sensor, wherein the second water pressure sensor, the third water pressure sensor and the fourth water pressure sensor are respectively connected to the outer sides of the three drill holes on the lower flat plate in a one-to-one correspondence manner through quick connectors; and the second water pressure sensor, the third water pressure sensor and the fourth water pressure sensor are all electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument through data lines.
Further, the diameter of the drilled hole close to the inner side (inside the crack) of the lower flat plate is smaller than the diameter close to the outer side of the lower flat plate.
Furthermore, the data acquisition system further comprises a water sand collecting box and an electronic scale, wherein the electronic scale is placed below the sand outlet of the single fracture simulation device, the water sand collecting box is placed above the electronic scale, and the electronic scale is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument through a data line.
The invention also provides a simulation test method for single fracture sand bursting start, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the connection of the equipment, firstly selecting a base plate, an upper flat plate and a lower flat plate for a single fracture simulation device according to the fracture opening, width and length required by the test, and setting the size of the inclination angle of the angle-adjustable platform according to the fracture inclination angle; then connecting prepared parts to assemble the single-fracture sand-bursting started simulation test device;
(2) filling the water-sand mixture, namely plugging a sand outlet of the single-crack simulation device, opening a top cover plate and a water inlet valve of the sand source box, and adding water into the sand source box until the single-crack simulation device is filled with water, wherein the water surface is higher than the sand inlet of the single-crack device; slowly pouring sand into the sand source box while stirring until the cracks are filled with a water-sand mixture, then leveling the top of the sand body, and closing a top cover plate of the sand source box; opening the water inlet valve again, opening the exhaust valve, and closing the exhaust valve when the exhaust valve discharges water;
(3) opening the data acquisition system, and taking down the sand outlet of the single fracture simulation device for plugging; opening a water inlet valve, and gradually and slowly increasing the height of a water head in a sand source box by using a pressure regulating valve until a water-sand mixture in the single fracture simulator starts to move and flows out of a sand outlet;
(4) closing the data acquisition system, exporting data and image data of each water pressure sensor, closing the water inlet valve, and ending the test; analyzing data of the first water pressure sensor, taking a peak value of a variation curve as the critical water head height of single-fracture sand bursting start under the test condition, and dividing the critical water head height by the sum of the fracture length and the sand layer thickness above a sand inlet of a single-fracture simulation device in the sand source box to obtain the critical hydraulic gradient of the single-fracture sand bursting start under the test condition; the data collected by the second water pressure sensor, the third water pressure sensor and the fourth water pressure sensor is the water pressure change conditions of different parts in the fracture; the image collected by the camera is the process image before and after the single fracture sand bursting is started.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the simulation test device for single fracture sand bursting start provided by the invention realizes visualization by using a transparent material, can directly observe the motion of a water-sand mixture in a fracture, and can continuously record by using a camera.
(2) Can realize exerting controllable head pressure to the sand body in the sand source case through water pump and the pressure regulating valve that is connected with the sand source case to utilize first water pressure sensor to carry out real-time supervision and record.
(3) The simulation of different crack widths, crack opening degrees, crack lengths and crack roughness can be realized by replacing the crack plates (namely the upper flat plate and the lower flat plate) and the base plate with different specifications.
(4) The inclination angle of the test device can be controlled through the angle-adjustable platform, and the sand bursting starting under different fracture inclination angle conditions can be simulated.
(5) The critical hydraulic gradient of single fracture sand bursting start under different conditions can be measured; meanwhile, the pore water pressure inside the fracture in the sand bursting starting process can be continuously monitored, and continuous image acquisition is carried out on the migration of sand particles in the sand bursting starting process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a simulation test device for single fracture sand bursting start according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a source box and a single fracture simulator of the simulation test apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged structural diagram of a in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of an angle-adjustable platform of the simulation test apparatus of the present invention.
The reference signs explain: 1-a water inlet pipe, 2-a safety valve, 3-a water pump, 4-a water tank, 5-a pressure regulating valve, 6-a water inlet valve, 7-a first water pressure sensor, 8-an angle adjustable platform, 801-a base, 802-a rotating plate, 803-a screw rod, 804-a push rod, 805-a first connecting block, 806-a second connecting block, 807-a fixed block, 9-an optical platform, 10-a data acquisition instrument, 11-a sand source box back cover plate, 12-a sand source box, 13-a sand source box top cover plate, 14-a gate valve, 15-a second water pressure sensor, 16-a third water pressure sensor, 17-a fourth water pressure sensor, 18-a data line, 19-a clamp, 20-a camera, 21-an upper flat plate, 22-a backing plate, 23-lower flat plate, 24-water sand collecting box, 25-electronic scale, and 26-exhaust valve.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The simulation test device for single-fracture sand bursting start comprises a single-fracture sand bursting simulation device and a data acquisition system, wherein the single-fracture sand bursting simulation device comprises a sand source box 12, an angle-adjustable platform 8, a single-fracture simulation device and a water head control device.
The sand source box 12 is a transparent box body, and the box body comprises a bottom plate, two side plates, a sand source box top cover plate 13 which is detachably arranged, a sand source box rear cover plate 11 and a sand source box front cover plate which are made of transparent materials. The sand source box top cover plate 13 is fixed on the box body through hasps arranged on the periphery of the sand source box top cover plate, so that the sand source box top cover plate is convenient to disassemble and assemble, and a silica gel sealing ring is arranged on the edge of the sand source box top cover plate 13; the rear cover plate 11 of the sand source box is fixed on the box body through screws, a silica gel sealing ring is arranged on the edge of the rear cover plate 11 of the sand source box, an exhaust valve 26 and a water inlet valve 6 are arranged on the rear cover plate 11 of the sand source box, the exhaust valve 26 and the water inlet valve 6 can be arranged vertically or transversely, and in the embodiment, the exhaust valve 26 and the water inlet valve 6 are arranged transversely in parallel; the front cover plate of the sand source box is a gate valve 14 fixedly connected with the box body, and the gate valve 14 can move up and down and is used for fixedly clamping the single fracture simulation device; in this embodiment, gate valve 14 is rectangle disk seat and rectangle valve plate, and the disk seat is inboard all to be equipped with the silica gel sealing washer with the valve plate edge, can strengthen the sealing performance between valve plate and the disk seat, increases simultaneously and single crack analogue means's contact friction, can strengthen fastening performance.
The angle adjusting device comprises an angle-adjustable platform 8 and a metal frame, the metal frame is fixedly arranged on the angle-adjustable platform 8, the sand source box 12 is fixed on the metal frame through screws, the sand source box 12 can follow the angle-adjustable platform 8 to adjust the inclination angle, and the simulation of different fracture inclination angles is realized by adjusting the inclination angle. The angle-adjustable platform 8 comprises a base 801, a rotating plate 802, a screw rod 803, a push rod 804, a first connecting block 805 and a second connecting block 806, wherein the rotating plate 802 is rotatably connected with the base 801, two ends of the base 801 are respectively provided with a fixing block 807 with a threaded hole, the screw rod 803 is in threaded connection with the two fixing blocks 807, the screw rod 803 can be screwed, one end of the push rod 804 is rotatably connected with the first connecting block 805, the other end of the push rod 804 is rotatably connected with the second connecting block 806, the first connecting block 805 is arranged at the bottom side of the rotating plate 802, the second connecting block 806 is in threaded connection with the screw rod 803, the second connecting block 806 is positioned between the two fixing blocks 807, when the screw rod 803 is screwed, the second connecting block 806 moves along the screw rod 803, the push rod 804 moves along with the screw rod 803, and the rotating plate 802 is further pushed to rotate; the metal frame is fixed to a rotating plate 802 of the angle-adjustable platform 8. In this embodiment, the angle-adjustable platform 8 adopts MG0-000-0032 of Gboost. In this embodiment, angle adjusting device still is equipped with optical platform 9, adjustable angle platform 8 is placed on optical platform 9, and optical platform 9 mesa array is provided with a plurality of standard pitch-row screw hole for the position of the fixed adjustable angle platform 8 of cooperation bolt adopts optical platform 9 to be convenient for adjust, shock insulation stability.
In other embodiments, the angle adjusting device may further include a lifting-type triangular bracket disposed below the single fracture simulation device, and the triangular bracket holds the upper plate 21 and the lower plate 23 for providing support and enhancing the stability of the device.
The single crack simulation device comprises a transparent upper flat plate 21 and a transparent lower flat plate 23, two transparent base plates 22 which are respectively arranged on two sides are clamped between the upper flat plate 21 and the lower flat plate 23, a gap channel is reserved between the two transparent base plates 22, and a space which is surrounded by the upper flat plate 21, the lower flat plate 23 and the base plates 22 on two sides is a simulated crack space; by changing the length of the upper flat plate 21 and the lower flat plate 23, single cracks with different lengths can be simulated; by changing the width and thickness of the backing plate 22, a single fracture under different fracture width and opening conditions can be simulated; by varying the surface roughness of the inner sides of the upper plate 21 and the lower plate 23, a single crack can be simulated under different crack roughness conditions. The upper flat plate 21 and the lower flat plate 23 are fixed through a plurality of clamps 19, wherein the clamps 19 are F-shaped clamps or G-shaped clamps, the clamping can be realized without forming holes in the upper flat plate 21 and the lower flat plate 23, the clamping position and the clamping depth can be selected according to different test requirements, the tightness is good, the assembly and disassembly are convenient, and meanwhile, the sealing performance of a single crack simulation device is not influenced; silica gel is adhered to the surface of the backing plate 22, and the silica gel plays a role in sealing after being clamped and pressed.
The water head control device comprises a water pump 3, a water inlet pipe 1 and a pressure regulating valve 5, one end of the water inlet pipe 1 is connected with the water pump 3, the other end of the water inlet pipe 1 is connected with a water inlet valve 6 on a back cover plate 11 of the sand source box, the pressure regulating valve 5 is arranged at one end, close to the sand source box 12, of the water inlet pipe 1, and a water pumping port of the water pump 3 is connected to a water tank 4; the inlet tube 1 still is equipped with relief valve 2 on being close to one of water pump 3, can avoid water pressure too high. The water pump 3 can provide water pressure, and the height of a water head input into the sand source box 12 can be controlled through the pressure regulating valve 5.
The data acquisition system comprises a first water pressure sensor 7, a camera 20 and a data acquisition instrument 10, wherein the first water pressure sensor 7 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 1 and positioned between the pressure regulating valve 5 and the water inlet valve 6, and plays a role in measuring the height of an input water head; the camera 20 is fixed above an upper flat plate 21 of the single fracture simulation device through a support, the shooting angle of the camera 20 is perpendicular to the upper flat plate 21 (namely perpendicular to a fracture plane), and the shooting view field of the camera 20 comprises the whole single fracture simulation device and is used for collecting and recording images in the single fracture sand fracturing starting process; the first water pressure sensor 7 is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument 10 through a data line 18. The data acquisition instrument 10 can continuously acquire and record the height data of the water head obtained by monitoring each water pressure sensor in the test process.
In this embodiment, the central axis of the lower flat plate 23 is provided with three drill holes, and the three drill holes divide the central axis of the lower flat plate 23 into four equal parts in length; the data acquisition system also comprises a second water pressure sensor 15, a third water pressure sensor 16 and a fourth water pressure sensor 17, wherein the second water pressure sensor 15, the third water pressure sensor 16 and the fourth water pressure sensor 17 are respectively connected to the outer sides of the three drill holes on the lower flat plate 23 in a one-to-one correspondence manner through quick connectors, and the functions of monitoring the water head height of each crack before and after the sand bursting starting process are achieved; the second water pressure sensor 15, the third water pressure sensor 16 and the fourth water pressure sensor 17 are all electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument 10 through data lines 18. Preferably, the diameter of the drilled hole close to the inner side (inside the crack) of the lower flat plate 23 is smaller than the diameter close to the outer side of the lower flat plate 23, so that the interference on the flow of sand can be effectively avoided, and the diameter of the drilled hole close to the inner side of the lower flat plate 23 is 1mm +/-0.5 mm in the embodiment.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition system further comprises a water sand collection box 24 and an electronic scale 25, the electronic scale 25 is placed below the sand outlet of the single fracture simulation device, the water sand collection box 24 is placed above the electronic scale 25, and the electronic scale 25 is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument 10 through the data line 18. The electronic scale 25 collects the change of the total mass of the water-sand mixture along with the time.
The invention discloses a simulation test method for single fracture sand bursting start, which comprises the following steps:
(1) connection of the equipment: and determining the opening, width, length and inclination angle of the crack required by the test according to the test requirement. The method comprises the steps that a base plate 22, an upper flat plate 21 and a lower flat plate 23 are selected for a single crack simulation device according to crack opening, width and length, the widths of the upper flat plate 21 and the lower flat plate 23 are consistent and equal to the maximum clamping width of a gate valve, the lengths of the upper flat plate 21 and the lower flat plate 23 are equal to the crack length, the length of the base plate 22 is equal to the crack length, the thickness of the base plate 22 is the crack opening, and the width of the base plate 22 is equal to half of the difference between the width of the upper flat plate 22 and the crack width. And setting the inclination angle of the angle-adjustable platform 8 according to the inclination angle of the crack. The backing plate 22 is placed between the upper plate 21 and the lower plate 23 and fixed with the jig 19. And (3) placing the fixed single-crack simulation device in a gate valve 14 of the sand source box 12, rotating a handle of the gate valve 14, lowering a valve plate, and fixing the single-crack simulation device on the sand source box 12 by using the gate valve 14 to complete the connection of the single-crack simulation device and the sand source box 12. And connecting the water head control device to a water inlet valve 6 of a back cover plate 11 of the sand source box to complete the connection of the water head control device and the sand source box 12. And connecting each water pressure sensor and the data acquisition instrument 10 to complete the connection of the data acquisition system.
(2) Filling of the water-sand mixture: and plugging a sand outlet of the single crack simulation device by using silica gel, and opening a top cover plate 13 of the sand source box. The water inlet valve 6 is opened, a proper amount of water is firstly added into the sand source box 12 to fill the single fracture simulator with water, meanwhile, the water surface is ensured to be higher than the sand inlet of the single fracture simulator, then sand is slowly poured into the sand source box 12 (the sand is added after the proper amount of water is added, so that bubbles can be effectively avoided), meanwhile, a stirring tool is used for stirring, air in the water-sand mixture is timely discharged, the sand body is kept in a saturated state, and the water-sand mixture is filled into the fractures. After the sand is put into the tank, the top of the sand body is leveled, and the cover plate 13 of the sand source tank is closed by using the hasps. The water inlet valve 6 is opened again, the air outlet valve 26 is opened, the air in the sand source box 12 is exhausted, and the air outlet valve is closed when the water is discharged.
(3) And opening the data acquisition instrument 10 of the data acquisition system, and starting to acquire and record the data of each water pressure sensor in real time. The camera 20 is turned on and recording of an image of the water-sand mixture within the single fracture simulator is commenced. And (3) taking down the sand outlet of the single fracture simulator for plugging, opening the water inlet valve 6, and gradually and slowly increasing the water head height in the sand source box 12 by using the pressure regulating valve 5 until the water-sand mixture in the single fracture simulator begins to move and flows out of the sand outlet.
(4) And closing the data acquisition instrument 10 and the camera 20 of the data acquisition system, and exporting the data and the image data of each water pressure sensor. The water inlet valve 6 is closed, and the test is ended. Analyzing data of the first water pressure sensor 7, taking a peak value of a variation curve as the critical water head height of single-fracture sand bursting start under the test condition, and dividing the critical water head height by the sum of the fracture length and the sand layer thickness above a sand inlet of a single-fracture simulation device in a sand source box to obtain the critical hydraulic gradient of the single-fracture sand bursting start under the test condition, wherein the sand layer thickness is the distance h from the sand inlet to the sand layer plane, and the reference is made to the graph 3; the data collected by the second water pressure sensor 15, the third water pressure sensor 16 and the fourth water pressure sensor 17 is the water pressure change condition of different parts in the fracture; the image collected by the camera 20 is the process image before and after the single fracture sand burst is started.
The simulation test device for single-fracture sand bursting start can simulate single fractures with different fracture opening degrees, widths, lengths and inclination angles by using the single fracture simulation device, and provides gradually and slowly increased water head heights for sand bodies in the sand source box 12 by using the water head control device until a water-sand mixture in the single fracture simulation device moves after the sand bursting start. And recording a water head height peak value in the sand source box 12 through the first water pressure sensor 7 to obtain a critical hydraulic gradient for sand bursting start. And recording the water head height change conditions of different positions in the single fracture before and after sand bursting starting through a second water pressure sensor 15, a third water pressure sensor 16 and a fourth water pressure sensor 17. Successive images of the movement of the water-sand mixture within a single fracture before and after initiation of a break are recorded by the camera 20.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a simulation test device that single crack bursting sand starts which characterized in that: the device comprises a single-fracture sand bursting simulation device and a data acquisition system, wherein the single-fracture sand bursting simulation device comprises a sand source box, an angle adjusting device, a single-fracture simulation device and a water head control device;
the sand source box is a transparent box body, and the box body comprises a bottom plate, two side plates, a sand source box top cover plate, a sand source box rear cover plate and a sand source box front cover plate which are detachably arranged; an exhaust valve and a water inlet valve are arranged on the rear cover plate of the sand source box; the sand source box front cover plate is a gate valve fixedly connected with the box body, and the gate valve can move up and down and is used for fixedly clamping the single fracture simulation device;
the angle adjusting device comprises an angle adjustable platform and a metal frame, the metal frame is fixed on the angle adjustable platform, the sand source box is fixed on the metal frame, and the sand source box can adjust the inclination angle along with the angle adjustable platform;
the single crack simulation device comprises a transparent upper flat plate and a transparent lower flat plate, two transparent base plates which are respectively arranged on two sides are clamped between the upper flat plate and the lower flat plate, a clearance channel is reserved between the two transparent base plates, a space which is surrounded by the upper flat plate, the lower flat plate and the base plates on the two sides is a simulated crack space, and the upper flat plate and the lower flat plate are fixed through a plurality of clamps;
the water head control device comprises a water pump, a water inlet pipe and a pressure regulating valve, wherein one end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the water pump, the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet valve on a rear cover plate of the sand source box, the pressure regulating valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe, and a water pumping port of the water pump is connected to the water tank;
the data acquisition system comprises a first water pressure sensor, a camera and a data acquisition instrument, wherein the first water pressure sensor is arranged on the water inlet pipe and is positioned between the pressure regulating valve and the water inlet valve, the camera is fixed above an upper flat plate of the single crack simulation device through a support, the shooting angle of the camera is vertical to the upper flat plate, and the shooting view field of the camera comprises the whole single crack simulation device; the first water pressure sensor is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument through a data line.
2. The single fracture sand fracturing start simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: the sand source box top cover plate is fixed on the box body through a hasp, and the sand source box rear cover plate is fixed on the box body through screws.
3. The single fracture sand fracturing start simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: silica gel sealing rings are arranged on the top cover plate of the sand source box, the rear cover plate of the sand source box and the edges of the gate valve; silica gel is adhered to the surface of the backing plate.
4. The single fracture sand fracturing start simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: three drill holes are formed in the central axis of the lower flat plate, and the central axis of the lower flat plate is divided into four equal parts in length by the three drill holes; the data acquisition system also comprises a second water pressure sensor, a third water pressure sensor and a fourth water pressure sensor, wherein the second water pressure sensor, the third water pressure sensor and the fourth water pressure sensor are respectively connected to the outer sides of the three drill holes on the lower flat plate in a one-to-one correspondence manner through quick connectors; and the second water pressure sensor, the third water pressure sensor and the fourth water pressure sensor are all electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument through data lines.
5. The single fracture sand fracturing start simulation test device of claim 4, wherein: the diameter of the drill hole close to the inner side of the lower flat plate is smaller than the diameter of the drill hole close to the outer side of the lower flat plate.
6. The single fracture sand fracturing start simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition system further comprises a water sand collecting box and an electronic scale, wherein the electronic scale is placed below the sand outlet of the single fracture simulation device, the water sand collecting box is placed above the electronic scale, and the electronic scale is electrically connected with the data acquisition instrument through a data line.
7. A simulation test method based on the simulation test device for single fracture sand crushing start according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the connection of the equipment, firstly selecting a base plate, an upper flat plate and a lower flat plate for a single fracture simulation device according to the fracture opening, width and length required by the test, and setting the size of the inclination angle of the angle-adjustable platform according to the fracture inclination angle; then connecting the prepared structures of all the parts together to assemble the single fracture sand bursting started simulation test device;
(2) filling the water-sand mixture, namely plugging a sand outlet of the single-crack simulation device, opening a top cover plate and a water inlet valve of the sand source box, and adding water into the sand source box until the single-crack simulation device is filled with water, wherein the water surface is higher than the sand inlet of the single-crack device; slowly pouring sand into the sand source box while stirring until the cracks are filled with a water-sand mixture, then leveling the top of the sand body, and closing a top cover plate of the sand source box; opening the water inlet valve again, opening the exhaust valve, and closing the exhaust valve when the exhaust valve discharges water;
(3) opening the data acquisition system, and taking down the sand outlet of the single fracture simulation device for plugging; opening a water inlet valve, and gradually and slowly increasing the height of a water head in a sand source box by using a pressure regulating valve until a water-sand mixture in the single fracture simulator starts to move and flows out of a sand outlet;
(4) closing the data acquisition system, exporting data and image data of each water pressure sensor, closing the water inlet valve, and ending the test; analyzing data of the first water pressure sensor, taking a peak value of a variation curve as the critical water head height of single-fracture sand bursting start under the test condition, and dividing the critical water head height by the sum of the fracture length and the sand layer thickness above a sand inlet of a single-fracture simulation device in the sand source box to obtain the critical hydraulic gradient of the single-fracture sand bursting start under the test condition; the data collected by the second water pressure sensor, the third water pressure sensor and the fourth water pressure sensor is the water pressure change conditions of different parts in the fracture; the image collected by the camera is the process image before and after the single fracture sand bursting is started.
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| CN114646748A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-21 | 山东科技大学 | Coal mine stope sand bursting similar simulation test device and test method |
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