CN114181326A - Method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide - Google Patents
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- CN114181326A CN114181326A CN202111603911.XA CN202111603911A CN114181326A CN 114181326 A CN114181326 A CN 114181326A CN 202111603911 A CN202111603911 A CN 202111603911A CN 114181326 A CN114181326 A CN 114181326A
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of extraction, in particular to a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide, which comprises the steps of drying nostoc to constant weight, crushing to obtain nostoc powder, soaking the nostoc powder in a sodium hydroxide solution at 40-45 ℃, filtering out steam explosion treatment, adding a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, adding a complex enzyme preparation, performing enzymolysis to obtain nostoc crude polysaccharide, and purifying the nostoc crude polysaccharide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of extraction, in particular to a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide.
Background
Nostoc sphaeroids kutz is a low-grade unicellular blue-green algae of Nostoc of Cyanophyta, and is commonly called as Auricularia auricular by ancient names of Nostoc sphaeroides and Nostoc sphaeroids kutz. According to records of gang mu Shi Yi, the nostoc sphaeroides has the effects of clearing heat, clearing diaphragm and benefiting intestines and stomach, and is rare natural pollution-free green food. The nostoc sphaeroides is rich in polysaccharide content and has various physiological activities, and is highly concerned by the medical and food academia, and the morifolium ramat finds that the wild nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide has weaker inoxidizability, can reduce thymus index and inhibit the reduction of cell immunity caused by tumors, and has no toxicity to kidney tissues; penpengan and the like find that the nostoc polysaccharide has better inhibition capacity on the proliferation of HCT-116 cells through an MTT colorimetric method; the inhibition effect of nostoc sphaeroides water-soluble polysaccharide on staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and mould is researched by a filter paper patch method in east China and the like; the cinnamyl and the like find that the nostoc polysaccharide which is esterified by persulfuric acid has an anticoagulant function, but the prior nostoc polysaccharide extraction method is time-consuming and labor-consuming and has low purity and yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a nostoc polysaccharide extraction method.
The adopted technical scheme is as follows:
a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
s1: baking nostoc sphaeroides to constant weight, and crushing to obtain nostoc sphaeroides powder;
s2: adding nostoc sphaeroids kutz powder into a sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, soaking for 2-4h, filtering, transferring to steam explosion equipment, sealing, introducing saturated steam until the pressure in the steam explosion equipment reaches 6-8MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10-15min, opening a valve to release pressure, collecting obtained solid, adding the solid into a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, stirring for 20-40min, adding a complex enzyme preparation, heating to 55-65 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 8-12 h;
s3: heating the solution to reflux for 5-10h after enzymolysis, centrifuging, adding 5-10 times volume of ethanol into the supernatant, standing at 3-5 deg.C for 10-15h, and filtering to obtain crude polysaccharide of Nostoc sphaeroides;
s4: dissolving crude polysaccharide of Nostoc sphaeroids Kutz in water, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, oscillating for 20-40min, centrifuging, separating water phase from supernatant, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, oscillating, repeating the above operation for 3-5 times, concentrating water phase under reduced pressure to remove low boiling point components to obtain concentrated solution, adding saturated sodium chloride solution and ethanol into the concentrated solution, standing at 3-5 deg.C for 10-15 hr, filtering, and vacuum drying the obtained solid at 40-60 deg.C.
Further, the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in the S2 is 0.2-0.6mol/L, and the feed-liquid ratio is 1: 80-120.
Further, the complex enzyme preparation in S2 is composed of cellulase, papain and neutral protease.
Further, in the S2, the weight ratio of the cellulase to the papain to the neutral protease is 2: 3: 1.
further, the amount of the complex enzyme preparation in S2 is 0.5-1% of the weight of the nostoc sphaeroides powder.
Further, the volume concentration of ethanol in S3 is 55-65%.
Further, in the chloroform-n-butanol solution in S4, the volume ratio of chloroform to n-butanol is 4: 1.
further, the chloroform-n-butanol solution in S4 is added in an amount of 25-30% of the volume of the crude polysaccharide solution.
Further, the volume concentration of ethanol in S4 is 75-100%.
Further, the amount of the saturated sodium chloride solution and the ethanol added in S4 are 0.05 to 0.1 times and 3 to 5 times the volume of the concentrated solution, respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide, the cell wall of nostoc polysaccharide has an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is mainly composed of cellulose, the outer layer is a colloid sheath, a layered structure is easy to form, the nostoc polysaccharide is firmer, the cell wall structure of nostoc is destroyed by instant pressure release of high-temperature and high-pressure steam during steam explosion, the nostoc polysaccharide can be promoted to be released, a complex enzyme preparation composed of cellulase, papain and neutral protease can decompose the cell wall and promote the release of the nostoc polysaccharide on one hand, and can decompose the impurity protein therein on the other hand to improve the purity of the nostoc polysaccharide, the enzyme method is combined with chloroform-n-butyl alcohol solution, the loss rate of the nostoc polysaccharide is low, the dosage of chloroform-n-butyl alcohol solution is reduced to a certain extent, the nostoc polysaccharide prepared by the method has the purity of more than 97 percent and higher yield, has wider application prospect.
Detailed Description
The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1:
a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
drying 100g of nostoc sphaeroides to constant weight, crushing to obtain nostoc sphaeroides powder, adding the nostoc sphaeroides powder into a 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at 45 ℃, soaking for 4 hours, and filtering out, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 120, transferring the mixture to steam explosion equipment, sealing, introducing saturated steam until the pressure in the steam explosion equipment reaches 8MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, opening a valve to release the pressure, collecting the obtained solid, adding the solid into a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, stirring for 30min, and adding a mixture of cellulase, papain and neutral protease in a weight ratio of 2: 3: 1, heating to 60 ℃ for enzymolysis for 12h, heating the solution to reflux for 10h after enzymolysis is finished, centrifuging, adding 10 times of 65% ethanol into supernate, standing for 15h at 4 ℃, filtering to obtain crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide, dissolving the crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide with water, adding 30% chloroform-n-butanol solution (the volume ratio of chloroform to n-butanol is 4: 1), shaking for 40min, centrifuging, separating water phase from supernatant, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, further shaking, repeating the above operation for 5 times, concentrating water phase under reduced pressure to remove low boiling point components to obtain concentrated solution, adding 0.1 times saturated sodium chloride solution and 5 times 75% ethanol, standing at 4 deg.C for 15 hr, filtering, and vacuum drying at 50 deg.C.
Example 2:
a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
drying 100g of nostoc sphaeroides to constant weight, crushing to obtain nostoc sphaeroides powder, adding the nostoc sphaeroides powder into a 0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at 45 ℃, soaking for 4 hours, and filtering out, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 120, transferring the mixture to steam explosion equipment, sealing, introducing saturated steam until the pressure in the steam explosion equipment reaches 8MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, opening a valve to release the pressure, collecting the obtained solid, adding the solid into a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, stirring for 40min, and adding a mixture of cellulase, papain and neutral protease in a weight ratio of 2: 3: 1, heating to 65 ℃ for enzymolysis for 12h, heating the solution to reflux for 10h after the enzymolysis is finished, centrifuging, adding 10 times of 65% ethanol into supernate, standing for 15h at 5 ℃, filtering to obtain crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide, dissolving the crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide with water, adding 30% chloroform-n-butanol solution (the volume ratio of chloroform to n-butanol is 4: 1), shaking for 40min, centrifuging, separating water phase from supernatant, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, further shaking, repeating the above operation for 5 times, concentrating water phase under reduced pressure to remove low boiling point components to obtain concentrated solution, adding 0.1 times saturated sodium chloride solution and 5 times 75% ethanol, standing at 5 deg.C for 15 hr, filtering, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C to obtain solid.
Example 3:
a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
drying 100g of nostoc sphaeroides to constant weight, crushing to obtain nostoc sphaeroides powder, adding the nostoc sphaeroides powder into a 0.2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at 40 ℃, soaking for 2 hours, and filtering out, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 80, transferring the mixture to steam explosion equipment, sealing, introducing saturated steam until the pressure in the steam explosion equipment reaches 6MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min, opening a valve to release the pressure, collecting the obtained solid, adding the solid into a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, stirring for 20min, and adding a mixture of cellulase, papain and neutral protease in a weight ratio of 2: 3: 1, the dosage of the complex enzyme preparation is 0.5 percent of the weight of the nostoc sphaeroides powder, the complex enzyme preparation is heated to 55 ℃ for enzymolysis for 8 hours, the solution is heated to reflux for 5 hours after the enzymolysis is finished, then the solution is centrifuged, 5 times of ethanol with the volume of 55 percent is added into the supernatant, the mixture is kept stand for 10 hours at 3 ℃ and filtered to obtain crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide, after the crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide is dissolved by water, adding 25% chloroform-n-butanol solution (the volume ratio of chloroform to n-butanol is 4: 1), shaking for 20min, centrifuging, separating water phase from supernatant, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, further shaking, repeating the above operation for 3 times, concentrating water phase under reduced pressure to remove low boiling point components to obtain concentrated solution, adding 0.05 times of saturated sodium chloride solution and 3 times of 75% ethanol, standing at 3 deg.C for 10 hr, filtering, and vacuum drying at 40 deg.C.
Example 4:
a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
drying 100g of nostoc sphaeroides to constant weight, crushing to obtain nostoc sphaeroides powder, adding the nostoc sphaeroides powder into a 0.2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at 45 ℃, soaking for 4 hours, and filtering out, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 80, transferring the mixture to steam explosion equipment, sealing, introducing saturated steam until the pressure in the steam explosion equipment reaches 8MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min, opening a valve to release the pressure, collecting the obtained solid, adding the solid into a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, stirring for 40min, and adding a mixture of cellulase, papain and neutral protease in a weight ratio of 2: 3: 1, the dosage of the complex enzyme preparation is 0.5 percent of the weight of the nostoc sphaeroides powder, the complex enzyme preparation is heated to 65 ℃ for enzymolysis for 8 hours, the solution is heated to reflux for 10 hours after the enzymolysis is finished, then the solution is centrifuged, 5 times of ethanol with the volume of 65 percent is added into the supernatant, the mixture is kept stand for 15 hours at 3 ℃ and filtered to obtain crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide, after the crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide is dissolved by water, adding 25% chloroform-n-butanol solution (the volume ratio of chloroform to n-butanol is 4: 1), shaking for 40min, centrifuging, separating water phase from supernatant, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, further shaking, repeating the above operation for 3 times, concentrating water phase under reduced pressure to remove low boiling point components to obtain concentrated solution, adding 0.1 times of saturated sodium chloride solution and 3 times of 75% ethanol, standing at 5 deg.C for 10 hr, filtering, and vacuum drying at 60 deg.C to obtain solid.
Example 5:
a method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
drying 100g of nostoc sphaeroides to constant weight, crushing to obtain nostoc sphaeroides powder, adding the nostoc sphaeroides powder into a 0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at 40 ℃, soaking for 2 hours, and filtering out, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 120, transferring the mixture to steam explosion equipment, sealing, introducing saturated steam until the pressure in the steam explosion equipment reaches 6MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, opening a valve to release the pressure, collecting the obtained solid, adding the solid into a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, stirring for 20min, and adding a mixture of cellulase, papain and neutral protease in a weight ratio of 2: 3: 1, heating to 55 ℃ for enzymolysis for 12h, heating the solution to reflux for 5h after the enzymolysis is finished, centrifuging, adding ethanol with the volume of 10 times of 55% into supernate, standing for 10h at 5 ℃, filtering to obtain crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide, dissolving the crude nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide with water, adding 30% chloroform-n-butanol solution (the volume ratio of chloroform to n-butanol is 4: 1), shaking for 20min, centrifuging, separating water phase from supernatant, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, further shaking, repeating the above operation for 5 times, concentrating water phase under reduced pressure to remove low boiling point components to obtain concentrated solution, adding 0.05 times of saturated sodium chloride solution and 5 times of 75% ethanol, standing at 3 deg.C for 15 hr, filtering, and vacuum drying at 40 deg.C.
Comparative example 1:
substantially the same as in example 1, except that the extraction was not carried out by steam explosion.
Comparative example 2:
substantially the same as in example 1, except that no cellulase was added at the time of extraction.
Comparative example 3:
substantially the same as in example 1, except that papain was not added at the time of extraction.
Comparative example 4:
substantially the same as in example 1, except that no neutral protease was added at the time of extraction.
And (3) performance testing:
the data on the nostoc polysaccharide samples obtained by the methods of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in the following table 1:
and (3) measuring the nostoc polysaccharide sample by adopting a phenol-sulfuric acid method.
Table 1:
as can be seen from the above Table 2, the purity of the Nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide obtained by the method of the present invention is more than 97%, and the yield is higher, and the comparison with the comparative example 1 shows that the steam explosion treatment improves the Nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide yield, the comparison with the comparative example 2 shows that the addition of the cellulase improves the Nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide yield, and the comparison with the comparative examples 3-4 shows that the addition of the papain and the neutral protease improves the Nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide purity.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The extraction method of nostoc polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: baking nostoc sphaeroides to constant weight, and crushing to obtain nostoc sphaeroides powder;
s2: adding nostoc sphaeroids kutz powder into a sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, soaking for 2-4h, filtering, transferring to steam explosion equipment, sealing, introducing saturated steam until the pressure in the steam explosion equipment reaches 6-8MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10-15min, opening a valve to release pressure, collecting obtained solid, adding the solid into a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, stirring for 20-40min, adding a complex enzyme preparation, heating to 55-65 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 8-12 h;
s3: heating the solution to reflux for 5-10h after enzymolysis, centrifuging, adding 5-10 times volume of ethanol into the supernatant, standing at 3-5 deg.C for 10-15h, and filtering to obtain crude polysaccharide of Nostoc sphaeroides;
s4: dissolving crude polysaccharide of Nostoc sphaeroids Kutz in water, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, oscillating for 20-40min, centrifuging, separating water phase from supernatant, adding chloroform-n-butanol solution, oscillating, repeating the above operation for 3-5 times, concentrating water phase under reduced pressure to remove low boiling point components to obtain concentrated solution, adding saturated sodium chloride solution and ethanol into the concentrated solution, standing at 3-5 deg.C for 10-15 hr, filtering, and vacuum drying the obtained solid at 40-60 deg.C.
2. The method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in S2 is 0.2-0.6mol/L, and the feed-liquid ratio is 1: 80-120.
3. The method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the complex enzyme preparation in S2 is composed of cellulase, papain, and neutral protease.
4. The method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide of claim 3, wherein the weight ratio of the cellulase, the papain and the neutral protease in S2 is 2: 3: 1.
5. the method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the complex enzyme preparation in S2 is 0.5-1% of the nostoc powder.
6. The method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide of claim 1, wherein the volume concentration of ethanol in S3 is 55-65%.
7. The method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of chloroform to n-butanol in the chloroform-n-butanol solution in S4 is 4: 1.
8. the method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of chloroform-n-butanol solution added in S4 is 25-30% of the volume of crude nostoc polysaccharide solution.
9. The method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide of claim 1, wherein the volume concentration of ethanol in S4 is 75-100%.
10. The method for extracting nostoc polysaccharide of claim 1, wherein the amount of the saturated sodium chloride solution and the amount of the ethanol added in S4 are 0.05-0.1 times and 3-5 times of the volume of the concentrated solution, respectively.
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Cited By (1)
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CN105254774A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-01-20 | 湖南炎帝生物工程有限公司 | Nostoc commune polysaccharide extraction method |
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Cited By (2)
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CN115926013A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-04-07 | 天然(广州)新材料研究发展有限公司 | Nostoc sphaeroides polysaccharide and preparation method thereof |
CN115926013B (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2024-01-26 | 天然(广州)新材料研究发展有限公司 | Nostoc sphaeroids kutz polysaccharide and preparation method thereof |
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