CN114178499A - Continuous preparation method and device for homogeneous immiscible alloy material - Google Patents
Continuous preparation method and device for homogeneous immiscible alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/004—Copper alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
- B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous preparation method and a continuous preparation device for a homogeneous difficultly-mixed and soluble alloy material. The invention utilizes the water-cooled crystallizer and the secondary cooling water to cool the immiscible alloy melt, and utilizes the continuous drawing device to realize the continuous preparation of the high-homogeneity immiscible alloy. The continuous casting device is simple and easy to operate, and can be suitable for continuous preparation of various immiscible alloy materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of immiscible alloy smelting preparation, in particular to a preparation method for industrially preparing a super-homogeneous immiscible alloy in a large scale.
Background
Immiscible alloys are a class of alloys that have liquid phase separation characteristics, with a stable or metastable immiscible region in the phase diagram. Alloys such as Al-Bi, Al-Pb, Cu-Pb, etc. have stable immiscible regions, while alloys such as Cu-Fe, Cu-Co, etc. have metastable immiscible regions. Research shows that the immiscible alloy has wide application prospect in the fields of self-lubrication, bearing bush materials, electrical contacts, semiconductors, superconduction and the like. However, due to the existence of immiscible regions, the alloy is extremely easy to form a seriously segregated and even layered structure in the traditional solidification process. Therefore, how to obtain homogeneous immiscible alloy becomes one of the core problems of the research on the alloy. The Cu-Pb alloy is used as an important bearing alloy material, is difficult to adhere to a shaft due to friction heat because of good heat resistance and heat dissipation capacity, and can work in a high-temperature environment of 320 ℃ at 300-. However, under the conventional solidification condition, the Cu-Pb alloy is easy to undergo liquid-liquid separation to form second-phase liquid drops. And the physical properties such as the density of the generated second-phase liquid drops are greatly different from those of the alloy melt, so that the problems of floating, sinking, segregation, coalescence and the like of the second-phase liquid drops are easily formed, and the high-homogeneity immiscible alloy is difficult to prepare. Therefore, at present, the preparation of the Cu-Pb alloy mainly adopts a powder metallurgy method, but the method needs to be rolled and sintered for a plurality of times to improve the mechanical property and the density, so the problems of high process cost, long production procedure and the like are faced in the industrial large-scale production process. Due to the adoption of a powder metallurgy process, the alloy products also have the problems that large-scale products cannot be prepared, the product plasticity and toughness are low and the like.
Although immiscible alloy represented by Cu-Pb is difficult to realize homogenization preparation in the traditional solidification process, the scholars at home and abroad can prepare a homogeneous structure at present. The scholars at home and abroad adopt the rapid solidification methods of wire throwing, belt throwing, deep supercooling and the like to enable the alloy melt to pass through the immiscible region at extremely high solidification rate, so as to study the homogenization preparation of immiscible alloy from the aspect of inhibiting liquid-liquid phase change, and obtain certain research results, but the research results are also limited by the rapid solidification process, and the requirements of large-scale industrial production cannot be met no matter the size of the prepared sample or production equipment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a continuous preparation method and a continuous preparation device for a homogeneous immiscible alloy material, in particular to overcome the defects of high cost, long working procedure, poor product performance, incapability of preparing large-scale samples and the like of a powder metallurgy process in the preparation process of an immiscible alloy, and the problems of small product size, incapability of industrialization of a production process and the like of a rapid solidification process; the invention fully utilizes the principles of electromagnetic oscillation, electromagnetic braking and the like to realize the continuous preparation of the immiscible alloy material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a continuous preparation method of a homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material comprises the following steps:
the combined crucible is used for loading immiscible alloy material melt, the combined crucible is formed by connecting and assembling an upper graphite crucible and a lower graphite crucible, and the lower graphite crucible is arranged below the upper graphite crucible;
putting a metal raw material to be cast into an upper graphite crucible, arranging an upper induction coil outside the upper graphite crucible, introducing alternating current into the induction coil, and heating and melting the metal raw material in the upper graphite crucible by an induction heating method to form a metal melt;
taking a lower graphite crucible as a graphite crystallizer, and arranging a crystallizer water cooling device outside the lower graphite crucible for cooling alloy melt; a pulse coil and a high-intensity magnetic field coil are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the crystallizer water cooling device from top to bottom; a dummy bar is arranged below the lower graphite crucible, and two cold water nozzles are arranged on two sides of the dummy bar; when alternating current is introduced into the induction heating coil, a crystallizer water cooling device and secondary cold water are started;
when the metal melt to be melted flows into the lower graphite crystallizer from the upper graphite crucible, the metal melt of the immiscible alloy is solidified in the lower graphite crystallizer by utilizing the cooling action of a crystallizer water cooling device and secondary cooling water;
in the process of solidification of the immiscible alloy, pulse current is introduced into a pulse coil outside the lower graphite crystallizer, and pulse type oscillation is carried out on the alloy melt in the lower graphite crystallizer by using pulse current force, so that refined second-phase liquid drops are obtained;
in the process of solidifying the immiscible alloy, direct current is also introduced into the high-intensity magnetic field coil, so that a magnetic field is induced at the front edge of a solidification interface of the metal melt, the melt motion is inhibited by the magnetic field, and the floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence of the refined second-phase liquid drops are hindered, so that the refined second-phase liquid drops are subjected to dispersion distribution at the front edge of the solidification interface of the metal melt;
and (3) starting the drawing continuous casting equipment, drawing the dummy bar directionally, and drawing the dummy bar out of the lower graphite crystallizer by using the drawing continuous casting equipment to prepare a continuous casting billet of the homogeneous immiscible alloy material, so that the continuous preparation of the immiscible alloy material is realized.
Preferably, a pulse coil is arranged outside the crystallizer water cooling device, pulse current is introduced into the pulse coil, a changing magnetic field and current are induced inside the metal melt, so that pulse oscillation electromagnetic force is generated, and second-phase liquid drops formed in the solidification process of the immiscible alloy are vibrated and refined by the electromagnetic force;
preferably, a strong magnetic field coil is arranged at the lower part of the pulse coil, direct current is introduced into the strong magnetic field coil, a stable and constant magnetic field is induced in the melt, and the floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence processes of the vibrated and crushed second-phase liquid drops are hindered by the braking effect of the magnetic field, so that the refining and dispersion distribution of the second-phase liquid drops are realized.
Preferably, the varying current induced by the pulse coil inside the metal melt interacts with the magnetic field induced by the high-field coil in the melt, inducing electromagnetic oscillating forces in the metal melt, refining and dispersing the second phase droplets.
Preferably, the immiscible alloy material is continuously prepared in a continuous casting mode, and finally a long-size homogeneous immiscible alloy material with a required length is formed.
Preferably, the method is suitable for preparing immiscible alloy materials, and the immiscible alloy materials are any one of Cu-Pb, Cu-Fe, Cu-Co, Al-Bi and Al-Pb;
preferably, the method is suitable for any one of horizontal, vertical and vertical bending type continuous casting process of immiscible alloy materials;
preferably, the method is suitable for preparing any continuous casting billet of a round billet, a square billet, a plate blank, a tube blank and a special-shaped billet;
preferably, the alternating current passed through the induction heating coil is a medium/high frequency alternating current having a frequency ranging from 1kHz to 100kHz and a current ranging from 0A to 500000A. It is further preferred that the current range is 0-500A.
Preferably, pulse current is introduced into the pulse coil, the frequency range of the pulse current is 0.1Hz-1000Hz, the duty ratio is 1-100%, and the current range is 0-10000A. It is further preferred that the current range is 0-500A.
Preferably, direct current is introduced into the high-intensity magnetic field coil, the current range is 0-10000A, and the induced magnetic field intensity is 0-30T. The current is more preferably in the range of 0 to 500A, and the magnetic field strength is more preferably in the range of 0 to 2T.
The invention discloses a continuous preparation device of a homogeneous difficultly-mixed soluble alloy material, which implements the continuous preparation method of the homogeneous difficultly-mixed soluble alloy material, and consists of an upper graphite crucible, an induction heating coil, a lower graphite crucible, a water-cooled crystallizer, a pulse coil, a high-intensity magnetic field coil, secondary cold water, an ingot rod and a continuous casting equipment traction device; the upper graphite crucible and the lower graphite crucible are used for containing metal melt, the upper graphite crucible and the lower graphite crucible are hermetically connected and assembled to form a combined crucible, metal to be cast is placed into the upper graphite crucible, an induction heating coil is arranged outside the upper graphite crucible, alternating current is introduced into the induction heating coil, and metal raw materials in the upper graphite crucible are heated and melted by an induction heating method to form metal melt; a lower graphite crucible is connected and arranged below the upper graphite crucible and serves as a graphite crystallizer; a water-cooled crystallizer is arranged outside the lower graphite crucible and used for cooling the metal melt; a pulse coil and a high-intensity magnetic field coil are sequentially arranged outside the water-cooled crystallizer from top to bottom; pulse current is introduced into the pulse coil for inducing oscillation electromagnetic force and refining second-phase liquid drops obtained by liquid-liquid separation in the solidification process of the immiscible alloy, so that refined second-phase liquid drops are obtained; introducing direct current into the high-intensity magnetic field coil, and inducing a stable and constant magnetic field in the melt to inhibit floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence of the refined second-phase liquid drops; two cold water spray nozzles are arranged below the lower graphite crucible and used for cooling the dummy bar, and a solidification interface is controlled in the lower graphite crucible to prevent melt leakage; the traction device of the continuous casting equipment is arranged on two sides of the dummy bar and used for directional drawing, so that the continuous preparation of the high-homogeneity and difficult-to-mix alloy material is realized.
Preferably, the upper graphite crucible is replaced by a tundish for continuous production;
preferably, the lower graphite crucible is made of graphite or other carbon materials.
Preferably, the continuous casting apparatus is any one of a drop-down type, an arc type and a horizontal type continuous casting apparatus type.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious and prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable advantages:
1. the method and the device of the invention utilize a pulse coil and a high-intensity magnetic field coil arranged outside a water-cooled crystallizer, utilize the pulse electromagnetic oscillation force induced by the pulse coil in the melt to refine the second-phase molten drops, and then utilize the electromagnetic resistance induced by the high-intensity magnetic field coil in the melt to inhibit the floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence of the second-phase molten drops, thereby realizing the homogenization of the immiscible alloy;
2. the method and the device of the invention realize large-scale continuous preparation of immiscible alloy by utilizing the directional drawing mechanism.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a highly homogeneous and hardly miscible alloy material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a highly homogeneous Cu-Pb alloy continuous cast ingot produced in example two of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional structure and an enlarged view of a highly homogeneous Cu-Pb alloy continuous cast ingot according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of the transverse/longitudinal sections of the high-homogeneity Al-Bi alloy continuous casting bar billet prepared in the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the invention are detailed below:
the first embodiment is as follows:
in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a continuous preparation apparatus for a homogeneous hardly-miscible alloy material is composed of an upper graphite crucible 2, an induction heating coil 3, a lower graphite crucible 4, a water-cooled crystallizer 5, a pulse coil 6, a high-intensity magnetic field coil 7, secondary cooling water 8, an ingot rod 9 and a continuous casting equipment traction apparatus 10;
the upper graphite crucible 2 and the lower graphite crucible 4 are used for containing a metal melt 1, the upper graphite crucible 2 and the lower graphite crucible 4 are hermetically connected and assembled to form a combined crucible, a metal to be cast is placed into the upper graphite crucible 2, an induction heating coil 3 is arranged outside the upper graphite crucible 2, alternating current is introduced into the induction heating coil 3, and a metal raw material in the upper graphite crucible 2 is heated and melted by an induction heating method to form the metal melt 1; a lower graphite crucible 4 is connected and arranged below the upper graphite crucible 2, and the lower graphite crucible 4 is used as a graphite crystallizer; a water-cooled crystallizer 5 is arranged outside the lower graphite crucible 4 and used for cooling the metal melt 1; a pulse coil 6 and a strong magnetic field coil 7 are sequentially arranged outside the water-cooled crystallizer 5 from top to bottom; pulse current is introduced into the pulse coil 6 for inducing oscillation electromagnetic force and refining second-phase liquid drops 12 obtained by liquid-liquid separation in the solidification process of the immiscible alloy, so that refined second-phase liquid drops 11 are obtained; introducing direct current into the high-intensity magnetic field coil, and inducing a stable and constant magnetic field in the melt to inhibit floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence of the refined second-phase liquid drops 12; a secondary cold water 8 water spray nozzle is arranged below the lower graphite crucible 4 and used for cooling the dummy bar 10, and a solidification interface is controlled in the lower graphite crucible to prevent melt leakage; the traction device 9 of the continuous casting equipment is arranged on two sides of the dummy bar 10 and used for directional drawing, so that the continuous preparation of the high-homogeneity and difficult-to-mix-dissolve alloy material is realized.
Referring to fig. 1, a continuous preparation method of a highly homogeneous immiscible alloy comprises the following steps:
a combined crucible is adopted as a melt for loading immiscible alloy materials, the combined crucible is formed by connecting and assembling an upper graphite crucible 2 and a lower graphite crucible 4, and the lower graphite crucible 4 is arranged below the upper graphite crucible 2;
putting a metal raw material to be cast into an upper graphite crucible 2, arranging an upper induction coil 3 outside the upper graphite crucible 2, introducing alternating current into the induction coil 3, and heating and melting the metal raw material in the upper graphite crucible 2 by an induction heating method to form a metal melt 1;
taking a lower graphite crucible 4 as a graphite crystallizer, and arranging a crystallizer water cooling device 5 outside the lower graphite crucible 4 for cooling the alloy melt 1; a pulse coil 6 and a high-intensity magnetic field coil 7 are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the crystallizer water cooling device 5 from top to bottom; a dummy bar 10 is arranged below the lower graphite crucible 4, and two cold water 8 nozzles are arranged at two sides of the dummy bar; when alternating current is introduced into the induction heating coil 3, the crystallizer water cooling device 5 and secondary cooling water 8 are started;
when the metal melt 1 to be melted flows into the lower graphite crystallizer 4 from the upper graphite crucible 2, the metal melt 1 of the immiscible alloy is solidified in the lower graphite crystallizer 4 by utilizing the cooling action of the crystallizer water cooling device 5 and secondary cooling water 8;
in the process of solidification of the immiscible alloy, pulse current is introduced into a pulse coil 6 outside the lower graphite crystallizer 4, and pulse type oscillation is carried out on the alloy melt 1 in the lower graphite crystallizer 4 by using pulse current force, so that refined second-phase liquid drops 12 are obtained;
in the process of solidifying the immiscible alloy, direct current is also introduced into the high-intensity magnetic field coil 7, so that a magnetic field is induced at the front edge of the solidification interface of the metal melt 1, the melt motion is inhibited by the magnetic field, and the floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence of the refined second-phase liquid drops 12 are inhibited, so that the refined second-phase liquid drops 12 are subjected to dispersion distribution at the front edge of the solidification interface of the metal melt 1;
and (3) starting the drawing continuous casting equipment 9, drawing the dummy bar 10 directionally, and drawing the dummy bar 10 out of the lower graphite crystallizer 4 by using the drawing continuous casting equipment 9 to prepare a continuous casting billet of the homogeneous immiscible alloy material, so that the continuous preparation of the immiscible alloy material is realized.
According to the method and the device, the pulse coil and the high-intensity magnetic field coil are arranged outside the water-cooled crystallizer, the second-phase molten drops are refined by using the pulse electromagnetic oscillation force induced by the pulse coil in the melt, and then the electromagnetic resistance induced by the high-intensity magnetic field coil in the melt is used for inhibiting the second-phase molten drops from floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence, so that the immiscible alloy is homogenized.
Example two:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
a continuous preparation method of a high-homogeneity immiscible alloy is used for preparing a Cu-Pb alloy and comprises the following steps:
step 1: putting two metal blocks of Cu and Pb into an upper graphite crucible 2 according to the mass ratio of 1:1, arranging an induction heating coil 3 outside the upper graphite crucible 2, introducing alternating current into the induction heating coil 3, and heating and melting a Cu-Pb alloy raw material in the upper graphite crucible 2 by an induction heating method to form a Cu-Pb immiscible alloy melt 1; meanwhile, the water-cooled crystallizer 5 and secondary cooling water 8 are started to cool the dummy bar 10, and a solid-liquid interface is ensured to be in the lower graphite crystallizer 4;
step 2: when the melted Cu-Pb immiscible alloy melt 1 flows into the lower graphite crystallizer 4 from the upper graphite crucible 2, the alloy melt 1 is solidified and second-phase liquid drops 11 are generated under the action of the water-cooled crystallizer 5; then, pulse current is introduced into the pulse coil, and the induced pulse electromagnetic oscillation force is utilized to obtain second-phase liquid drops 12 which are vibrated to be broken and refined;
and step 3: then, the strong magnetic field coil is started, and a stable and constant magnetic field induced by the strong magnetic field coil is utilized to inhibit the refined second-phase liquid drops 12 from floating up, sinking, segregation and coalescence, so that the second-phase liquid drops are uniformly dispersed and distributed at the front edge of a solidification interface;
and 4, step 4: and (3) starting the drawing continuous casting equipment 9, drawing the dummy bar 10 out of the lower graphite crucible 4 by using the drawing continuous casting equipment 9, and rapidly cooling the dummy bar 10 through the water-cooled crystallizer 5 and the secondary cooling water 8 to prepare the continuous casting billet made of the high-homogeneity immiscible Cu-Pb alloy material.
The device for continuously preparing the high-homogeneity and difficult-to-mix-dissolve alloy material adopts the upper graphite crucible 2 for containing the metal melt 1; introducing medium/high frequency alternating current into an induction heating coil 3 arranged outside the upper graphite crucible 2 to heat the metal melt 1; the lower graphite crucible 4 is used as a lower graphite crystallizer; the water-cooled crystallizer 5 and secondary cooling water 8 are used for cooling the metal melt 1 in the lower graphite crystallizer 4 and inducing solid-liquid phase change; the pulse coil 6 and the strong magnetic field coil 7 are arranged on the outer side of the water-cooled crystallizer 5 and are used for vibrating and crushing second-phase liquid drops 11 in the solidification process of the immiscible alloy, so that the second-phase liquid drops 12 are uniformly dispersed and distributed on the front edge of a solid-liquid interface after being refined; the continuous casting drawing device 9 is arranged on two sides of the continuous casting blank 10, and the continuous casting drawing device 9 is utilized to directionally draw the continuous casting blank 10, so that continuous preparation of the immiscible alloy material is realized. Referring to FIG. 2, a partially enlarged view of a Cu-Pb alloy continuously cast ingot prepared in this example is shown. Referring to fig. 3, the structure of the transverse/longitudinal section of the Cu-Pb alloy continuous casting slab prepared in this example and an enlarged view thereof are shown. In the figure, white sites are occupied by Pb element, and black sites are occupied by Cu element. From the view point of the two element distribution, the Cu and Pb elements are distributed extremely uniformly in both the cross section and the longitudinal section.
Example three:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the above embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this example, the method and apparatus of the above examples are applicable not only to the preparation of Cu-Pb alloys, but also to the preparation of all immiscible alloys such as Cu-Fe, Cu-Co, Al-Bi, Al-Pb, etc. Referring to fig. 4, a longitudinal/longitudinal section partial enlarged view of the Al — Bi alloy continuous casting slab prepared in this example is shown. In the figure, white positions are occupied by the Bi element, and black positions are occupied by the Al element. From the distribution of the two elements, the Al and Bi elements are distributed and uniform no matter in the cross section or the longitudinal section.
Example four:
this embodiment is substantially the same as the above embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in the embodiment, the method and the device are not only suitable for any one of horizontal, vertical and vertical bending type continuous casting processes of immiscible alloy; but also suitable for the preparation of any continuous casting billet of round billet, square billet, plate blank and special-shaped billet.
In summary, in the method and the apparatus for continuously preparing a highly homogeneous and immiscible alloy material according to the above embodiments, an induction heating coil is applied to the outer side of the graphite crucible, and a medium/high frequency alternating current is introduced into the coil, so as to heat an immiscible alloy melt in the graphite crucible; and a pulse coil and a high-intensity magnetic field coil are sequentially arranged outside the water-cooled crystallizer from top to bottom, second-phase liquid drops in the solidification process of the immiscible alloy are crushed by using the induced pulse oscillation electromagnetic force, and the induced stable and constant magnetic field is used for inhibiting the floating, sinking, segregation and coagulation of the second-phase liquid drops after crushing and refining, so that the immiscible alloy is finally prepared. The above process is continuously performed, and thus a long-sized immiscible alloy material can be prepared.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made according to the purpose of the invention, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made according to the spirit and principle of the technical solution of the present invention shall be equivalent substitutions, as long as the purpose of the present invention is met, and the technical principle and inventive concept of the method for continuously preparing immiscible alloy materials and the apparatus thereof shall not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A continuous preparation method of a homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, equipment preparation:
a combined crucible is adopted as a melt for loading immiscible alloy materials, the combined crucible is formed by connecting and assembling an upper graphite crucible (2) and a lower graphite crucible (4), and the lower graphite crucible (4) is arranged below the upper graphite crucible (2);
putting a metal raw material to be cast into an upper graphite crucible (2), arranging an upper induction coil (3) outside the upper graphite crucible (2), introducing alternating current into the induction coil (3), and heating and melting the metal raw material in the upper graphite crucible (2) by an induction heating method to form a metal melt (1);
taking a lower graphite crucible (4) as a graphite crystallizer, and arranging a crystallizer water cooling device (5) outside the lower graphite crucible (4) for cooling the alloy melt (1); a pulse coil (6) and a high-intensity magnetic field coil (7) are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the crystallizer water cooling device (5) from top to bottom; a dummy bar (10) is arranged below the lower graphite crucible (4), and two cold water (8) nozzles are arranged on two sides of the dummy bar; when alternating current is introduced into the induction heating coil (3), a crystallizer water cooling device (5) and secondary cooling water (8) are started;
step 2, an external magnetic field assists the alloy solidification process:
when the metal melt (1) to be melted flows into the lower graphite crystallizer (4) from the upper graphite crucible (2), the metal melt (1) of the immiscible alloy is solidified in the lower graphite crystallizer (4) by utilizing the cooling action of a crystallizer water cooling device (5) and secondary cooling water (8);
in the process of solidification of the immiscible alloy, pulse current is introduced into a pulse coil (6) outside the lower graphite crystallizer (4), and pulse oscillation is carried out on the alloy melt (1) in the lower graphite crystallizer (4) by using pulse current force, so that refined second-phase liquid drops (12) are obtained;
in the process of solidifying the immiscible alloy, direct current is also introduced into the high-intensity magnetic field coil (7), so that a magnetic field is induced at the front edge of the solidification interface of the metal melt (1), the melt motion is inhibited by the magnetic field, and the floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence of the refined second-phase liquid drops (12) are inhibited, so that the refined second-phase liquid drops (12) are dispersedly distributed at the front edge of the solidification interface of the metal melt (1);
step 3, continuous casting process:
and (3) starting the drawing continuous casting equipment (9), drawing the dummy bar (10) directionally, and drawing the dummy bar (10) out of the lower graphite crystallizer (4) by using the drawing continuous casting equipment (9) to prepare a continuous casting billet of the homogeneous immiscible alloy material, so that the continuous preparation of the immiscible alloy material is realized.
2. The continuous preparation method of the homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: a pulse coil (6) is arranged outside the crystallizer water cooling device (5), pulse current is introduced into the pulse coil, a changing magnetic field and current are induced inside the metal melt (1), so that pulse oscillation electromagnetic force is generated, and second-phase liquid drops (11) formed in the solidification process of the immiscible alloy are vibrated and refined by the electromagnetic force;
a strong magnetic field coil (7) is arranged at the lower part of the pulse coil (6), direct current is introduced into the strong magnetic field coil (7), a stable and constant magnetic field is induced in the melt, and the processes of floating up, sinking, segregation and coalescence of the vibrated and broken second-phase liquid drops (12) are hindered by the braking effect of the magnetic field, so that the thinning and dispersive distribution of the second-phase liquid drops (11) are realized.
3. The continuous preparation method of the homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the changing current induced by the pulse coil (6) in the metal melt (1) interacts with the magnetic field induced by the strong magnetic field coil (7) in the melt, so that electromagnetic oscillation force is induced in the metal melt (1), and the second-phase liquid drops (11) are refined and dispersed.
4. The continuous preparation method of the homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is suitable for preparing immiscible alloy materials, wherein the immiscible alloy materials are any one of Cu-Pb, Cu-Fe, Cu-Co, Al-Bi and Al-Pb;
or the method is suitable for any one of horizontal, vertical and vertical bending type continuous casting process of immiscible alloy materials;
or the method is suitable for preparing any continuous casting billet of a round billet, a square billet, a plate billet, a tube billet and a special-shaped billet.
5. The continuous preparation method of the homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the alternating current introduced into the induction heating coil (3) is medium/high frequency alternating current, the frequency range is 1kHz-100kHz, and the current range is 0-500000A.
6. The continuous preparation method of the homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the pulse current is introduced into the pulse coil (6), the frequency range of the pulse current is 0.1Hz-1000Hz, the duty ratio is 1-100%, and the current range is 0-10000A.
7. The continuous preparation method of the homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: direct current is introduced into the high-intensity magnetic field coil (7), the current range is 0-10000A, and the induced magnetic field intensity is 0-30T.
8. A continuous production apparatus for a homogeneous hardly miscible alloy material, which implements the continuous production method for a homogeneous hardly miscible alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: the continuous preparation device for the homogeneous difficultly-mixed alloy material consists of an upper graphite crucible (2), an induction heating coil (3), a lower graphite crucible (4), a water-cooled crystallizer (5), a pulse coil (6), a high-intensity magnetic field coil (7), secondary cooling water (8), a dummy bar (9) and a continuous casting equipment traction device (10);
the upper graphite crucible (2) and the lower graphite crucible (4) are used for containing a metal melt (1), the upper graphite crucible (2) and the lower graphite crucible (4) are hermetically connected and assembled to form a combined crucible, a metal to be cast is placed in the upper graphite crucible (2), an induction heating coil (3) is arranged outside the upper graphite crucible (2), alternating current is introduced into the induction heating coil (3), and a metal raw material in the upper graphite crucible (2) is heated and melted by an induction heating method to form the metal melt (1); a lower graphite crucible (4) is connected and arranged below the upper graphite crucible (2), and the lower graphite crucible (4) is used as a graphite crystallizer; a water-cooled crystallizer (5) is arranged outside the lower graphite crucible (4) and is used for cooling the metal melt (1); a pulse coil (6) and a strong magnetic field coil (7) are sequentially arranged outside the water-cooled crystallizer (5) from top to bottom; pulse current is introduced into the pulse coil (6) for inducing oscillation electromagnetic force and refining second-phase liquid drops (12) obtained by liquid-liquid separation in the solidification process of the immiscible alloy, so that refined second-phase liquid drops (11) are obtained; introducing direct current into the high-intensity magnetic field coil, and inducing a stable and constant magnetic field in the melt to inhibit floating, sinking, segregation and coalescence of the refined second-phase liquid drops (12); a secondary cooling water (8) water spray opening is arranged below the lower graphite crucible (4) and used for cooling the dummy bar (10) and controlling a solidification interface in the lower graphite crucible to prevent melt leakage; the traction device (9) of the continuous casting equipment is arranged on two sides of the dummy bar (10) and used for directional drawing, so that the continuous preparation of the high-homogeneity and difficultly-mixed alloy material is realized.
9. The continuous preparation device of the homogeneous refractory alloy material according to claim 8, wherein the upper graphite crucible (2) is replaced by a tundish for continuous production;
alternatively, the lower graphite crucible (4) is made of graphite or other carbon materials.
10. The continuous production apparatus for the homogeneous sparingly-miscible alloy material as set forth in claim 8, wherein said continuous casting apparatus is of any one of a drop-down type, an arc type and a horizontal type.
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