CN114174648A - 可电加热的催化转化器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有金属蜂窝体(2)的可电加热的催化转化器,其中,蜂窝体(2)由多个卷绕的金属箔形成,并且蜂窝体(2)被接纳在套管(1)中,其中,用于电接触至少各个箔的装置穿过套管(1)中的开口(4)被引导到套管(1)中,其中,装置由电极(5)形成,该电极利用连接层(7)与套管(1)的内侧电绝缘并且与套管(1)机械连接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有金属蜂窝体的可电加热的催化转化器,其中,蜂窝体由多个卷绕的金属箔形成,并且蜂窝体被接纳在套管中,其中,用于电接触至少各个箔的装置穿过套管中的开口被引导到套管中。
背景技术
为了提高排气后处理装置中的排气温度,还使用可电加热的蜂窝体。这些蜂窝体包括下述的蜂窝体,其例如由彼此堆叠并且彼此卷绕的多个金属箔形成。为了加热,已知使用流过电流的导体,这些导体在使用欧姆电阻的情况下产生热量。替代地,各个金属箔或由其产生的堆叠层可以直接电接触,从而它们作为流过电流的导体起作用并且导致加热。
为了电接触的目的,通常将多个箔在其自由端部之一上组合成紧凑的堆叠,以便可以有针对性地将电流导入到箔中。
特别是在具有大量待通电的单个箔的可电加热的蜂窝体的情况下,因此可以形成特别实心的和厚的由箔构成的堆叠。它们的缺点是,一方面它们在结构空间方面不能很好地集成到蜂窝体中,并且此外非常容易形成热点,因为这样形成的堆叠对于所施加的电流而言可能导致按照最小电阻原理形成可能不利的电流。因此可能出现局部的热点,该热点可能持久地导致损坏并且此外导致加热装置的能效下降。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,提供一种可电加热的蜂窝体,其能够实现各个箔到蜂窝体内部的导入电流的电极上的改善的连接并且避免由于不利的电流而产生局部热点。
在可电加热的催化转化器方面的目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的可电加热的催化转化器实现。
本发明的实施例涉及一种具有金属蜂窝体的可电加热的催化转化器,其中,蜂窝体由多个卷绕的金属箔形成,并且蜂窝体被接纳在套管中,其中,用于电接触至少各个箔的装置穿过套管中的开口被引导到套管中,其中,该装置由电极形成,该电极利用连接层相对于套管的内侧电绝缘并且与套管机械连接。
蜂窝体由多个金属箔形成,例如,这些金属箔可以是光滑的或结构化的、特别是波纹状的。然后,相互堆叠的金属箔优选围绕一个或多个芯轴卷绕,从而形成具有多个可通流的流动通道的蜂窝体。在此,各个流动通道基本上构造在波纹状的金属箔与平滑的金属箔之间。
利用各个堆叠层彼此间的间隔可以构造彼此电绝缘的导体。通过在这些堆叠层中的一个或多个上施加电压,可以在使用欧姆电阻的情况下实现对蜂窝体的加热。在此,被电流流过的堆叠层由于形成堆叠层的金属箔的电阻而被加热。流过的排气借助于被加热的金属箔而被一起加热,由此提高在催化转化器中或在催化转化器之后的结构中的温度。
为了电接触,必须引导电导体穿过接纳蜂窝体的套管。为此使用电极,该电极能够实现金属箔的特别简单的接触。特别是金属箔例如通过钎焊或熔焊材料锁合地连接到电极上在此是有利的,以便产生持久牢固的连接。
通常,一个电极点/电极柱(elektrischer Pol)由电极形成,而另一个极点由催化转化器的壳体形成。因此,为了确保不存在短路,被引导穿过壳体或套的电极必须相对于壳体或套管/外壳管电绝缘,而该电极特别必须与配属于电极的堆叠层的金属箔导电连接。
为了确保耐久性并提高强度,电极与套管固定连接,以便避免电极相对于套管的相对运动,并从而也防止金属箔或堆叠层的运动。
特别有利的是,多个形成蜂窝体的金属箔与电极导电连接。这是必要的,以便允许电流从电极流入到金属箔中。
还有利的是,连接层由绝缘层和附着层形成,其中,绝缘层面向套管,而附着层面向电极。连接层理想地是多相层,该多相层一方面在套管与电极之间产生电绝缘,并且同时具有附着层,该附着层能够实现电极与套管的持久的并且特别是牢固的连接。在此例如已知多层的连接层或者具有在边缘区域中的特殊特性的连接层。这种特殊特性例如可以通过添加特定的成分/元素(Element)或材料混合物来实现。
一种优选的实施例的特征在于,绝缘层具有电绝缘效应并且由材料Al2O3、ZrO2、MgO、TiO2、CeO2、掺钇陶瓷、掺硅陶瓷、堇青石、莫来石中的一种或上述所列出的材料的混合物形成。
还优选的是,附着层是金属层并且由材料Cu、Ni、Co、Ag、Pd中的一种或其合金、例如AgPd或CuNi形成。
此外有利的是,绝缘层和附着层具有相似的、优选相同的热膨胀系数。这对于避免在连接层的内部出现应力是有利的。应力可能特别是由于在运行中催化转化器的强烈加热和冷却而产生。优选地,绝缘层和附着层也具有与相邻的套或电极相似或相同的热膨胀系数。
此外有利的是,电极构造为T形,布置在套管的内部的部段具有比开口大的横截面积,电极被引导穿过该开口。T形的基本形状有利于提供用于金属箔或堆叠层的连接面,该连接面大于穿过其使电极引导穿过套管的开口。这使得堆叠层的连接更容易并且此外防止产生所谓的热点,该热点可能由于流动电流的集中在电极或金属箔的特定位置上而产生。
电极可以有利地从内部穿过套管引导并且随后在金属箔最终连接至电极之前与套管机械连接。根据生产过程的设计,电极与套管的连接以及金属箔与电极的连接也可以同时在一个工作步骤中、例如通过在钎焊炉中的钎焊来实现。
还有利的是,套管在开口的区域中具有径向向外指向的凸出部,其中,电极的被引导到套管的内部中的部段被接纳在由所述凸出部形成的凹槽中。向外的凸出部在内部实现了一种在套管的壁中的空腔,电极的T形区域可以被接纳到该空腔中。因此,套管的其它圆形横剖面可以保持不变。此外,由金属箔形成的蜂窝体不必被专门调整以适配于电极。当然,这以相同的方式也适用于具有不同横剖面、例如椭圆形横剖面的蜂窝体和套管。
此外有利的是,套管中的开口利用电极、绝缘层和附着层之间的材料锁合连接被气密地封闭。这特别有利于避免泄漏。离开的热排气一方面从催化转化器中提取能量并且此外可能导致对催化转化器周围的结构的损坏。
在从属权利要求和以下的附图说明中描述本发明的有利的改进方案。
附图说明
下面根据实施例在参照附图的情况下对本发明进行详细说明。图中示出:
图1示出在穿过套管的区域中电极和套管的示意性剖视图,以及
图2示出套管与电极之间的接触部位的剖视图,其中,同样示出连接层。
具体实施方式
图1示出催化转化器、特别是可电加热的催化转化器的套管1的剖视图。套管1形成用于构造在内部的蜂窝体2的壳体,该蜂窝体由彼此堆叠成堆叠层3的多个金属箔形成。
套管1具有开口4,电极5被引导穿过该开口。在图1的实施例中,电极5具有穿过开口4从套管1的内部向外伸出的杆状***部和布置在套管1的内部的板状部段。电极5构造为T形。
套管1在开口4的紧邻周围区域中具有凸出部6,电极5的板状部段被接纳在该凸出部中。电极5的板状部段的向内指向的面与套管1的内壁齐平。根据套管1的半径,板状部段也可以被预成型并且适配于套管1的内侧的几何结构。因此,电极5例如也可以适配于套管1的椭圆形的或另外的横剖面。
凸出部6使得围绕构造在内部的蜂窝体2的包络线可以具有连续的曲线走向并且在电极5的区域中不必具有切口或其它缺口。这是特别有利的,因为蜂窝体通常通过围绕一个芯轴或多个芯轴卷绕堆叠层来产生。
电极5利用连接层7与套管1机械地且耐温地连接。连接层7具有电绝缘区域8和附着区域9。电绝缘区域8布置在面向套管1的侧上,而附着区域布置在连接层7的面向电极5的侧上。
可以在附着区域9上涂覆焊料10,该焊料用于以后将电极5连接到套1。连接层7可以由两个单独的并且接合在一起的层形成。替代地,也可以形成在两个边缘区域中分别不同地构造的层。因此,例如添加的成分的浓度可以是不同的,以便在边缘区域上实现电绝缘效应。在对置的边缘区域上可以设计有足够高的金属含量,该金属含量允许借助于钎焊连接到电极5。优选的材料在从属权利要求中描述。
图1和图2的实施例特别不具有限制性特征并且用于说明本发明构思。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有金属蜂窝体(2)的可电加热的催化转化器,其中,所述蜂窝体(2)由多个卷绕的金属箔形成,并且所述蜂窝体(2)被接纳在套管(1)中,其中,用于至少电接触各个箔的装置穿过套管(1)中的开口(4)被引导到套管(1)中,
其特征在于,
所述装置由电极(5)形成,该电极利用连接层(7)与套管(1)的内侧电绝缘,并且该电极与套管(1)机械连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,形成蜂窝体(2)的多个金属箔与电极(5)导电连接。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,连接层(7)由绝缘层(8)和附着层(9)形成,其中,绝缘层(8)面向套管(1),而附着层(9)面向电极(5)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,绝缘层(8)具有电绝缘效应并且由材料Al2O3、ZrO2、MgO、TiO2、CeO2、掺钇陶瓷、掺硅陶瓷、堇青石、莫来石中的一种或所列出的材料的混合物形成。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,附着层(9)是金属层并且由材料Cu、Ni、Co、Ag、Pd中的一种或它们的合金——例如AgPd或CuNi——形成。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,绝缘层(8)和附着层(9)具有相似的——优选相同的——热膨胀系数。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,电极(5)构造为T形,布置在套管(1)的内部的部段具有比所述电极引导穿过的开口(4)大的横截面积。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,套管(1)在开口(4)的区域中具有径向向外的凸出部(6),其中,电极(5)的被引导到套管(1)的内部中的部段被接纳在由所述凸出部(6)形成的凹穴中。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,套管(1)中的开口(4)利用电极(5)、绝缘层(8)和附着层(9)之间的材料锁合连接被气密地封闭。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的可电加热的催化转化器,其特征在于,电极(5)一体形成。
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DE102019212133.0A DE102019212133B4 (de) | 2019-08-13 | 2019-08-13 | Elektrisch beheizbarer Katalysator |
PCT/EP2020/072150 WO2021028314A1 (de) | 2019-08-13 | 2020-08-06 | Elektrisch beheizbarer katalysator |
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JPH08326526A (ja) * | 1995-05-30 | 1996-12-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | 電気加熱式金属触媒担体 |
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JP3305505B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-29 | 2002-07-22 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 電極構造 |
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DE10051562A1 (de) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-25 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Beheizbarer Wabenkörper mit zwei verschiedenen Beschichtungen |
DE102010045507A1 (de) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-15 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Anordnung für eine Stromversorgung einer Komponente in einem Abgasystem |
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- 2020-08-06 CN CN202080051331.1A patent/CN114174648A/zh active Pending
- 2020-08-06 EP EP20754216.8A patent/EP4013955A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-08-06 JP JP2022505467A patent/JP2022542929A/ja active Pending
- 2020-08-06 KR KR1020227001405A patent/KR20220019054A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2020-08-06 WO PCT/EP2020/072150 patent/WO2021028314A1/de unknown
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EP0456919A2 (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1991-11-21 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Catalytic converter system |
JPH08326526A (ja) * | 1995-05-30 | 1996-12-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | 電気加熱式金属触媒担体 |
DE19921609A1 (de) * | 1999-05-10 | 2000-11-16 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Wabenkörperanordnung mit verschiedenen Abschnitten in einem Mantelrohr |
CN104364483A (zh) * | 2012-04-05 | 2015-02-18 | 排放技术有限公司 | 可电加热的蜂窝体的多个金属片层的电连接和相应的蜂窝体 |
WO2019053250A1 (de) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-21 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Elektrisch beheizbare heizscheibe für die abgasnachbehandlung |
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KR20220019054A (ko) | 2022-02-15 |
DE102019212133A1 (de) | 2021-02-18 |
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