CN114171933B - Microwave rectification antenna array mode based on cross growth method - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/27—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
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Abstract
The application discloses a microwave rectifying antenna array mode based on a cross growth method, and belongs to the technical field of power generation, transformation or distribution. This approach includes three parts: antenna distribution rules, antenna distribution algorithms and rectenna arrays. The antenna distribution rule is determined by the array element position and the antenna energy distribution model, and the specific condition of the antenna subarray distribution is determined according to the optimal input power of the rectifying circuit; the antenna distribution algorithm is a cross growth method, and the antenna is divided from the center of the antenna and continuously grows in a cross state, so that a final antenna array dividing method is obtained; the rectifying antenna array connects the receiving antenna and the co-designed rectifying circuit to form a rectifying antenna with very similar output voltage and current, and the rectifying antenna array is connected in series and parallel according to the load requirement to complete the integration of direct current energy. According to the application, under the condition of not adding a hardware circuit, the whole efficiency of the rectifying end is improved through the power matching of the antenna and the rectifying circuit, the volume and the complexity are reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application discloses a microwave rectifying antenna array mode based on a cross growth method, relates to a wireless power transmission technology, and belongs to the technical field of power generation, transformation or power distribution.
Background
The microwave energy transmission (MPT, microwave Power Transmission) is a technology for transmitting electric energy in free space through electromagnetic waves, has the characteristics of small space transmission loss and difficult interference of atmospheric conditions, has a transmission distance of up to kilometers, has very high transmission power, can be used for long-distance power supply of aircrafts and satellites, and has very wide research prospect.
The microwave energy transmission system mainly comprises three parts: the microwave source, the microwave transmitting antenna and the microwave rectifying antenna, wherein the rectifying antenna comprises a receiving antenna and a rectifying circuit. At the microwave transmitting end, the microwave power source converts electric energy into microwave radiation, and after the space is transmitted for a certain distance, the receiving end receives the energy and converts the energy into electric energy for the load. The general structure of the receiving end is shown in fig. 1, and can be divided into a receiving antenna, a rectifying circuit, a direct current load and an energy management unit. The receiving antenna is an important component of the MPT system and is used for receiving microwave energy and providing radio frequency signal input for the microwave rectifying circuit. As an intermediate unit for connecting the transmitting end and the rectifying circuit, the receiving antenna directly determines the energy quantity collected by the receiving end and the input energy quantity of the rectifying circuit, and further determines the direct-current energy integration mode, so that the performance of the receiving antenna plays a vital role in the efficiency of the receiving end. Most of the current research is directed to antennas that receive more power, and ignoring the connection between the antenna and the rectifying circuit. Most of the current microwave rectifying circuits use common high-frequency Schottky diodes, the breakdown voltage is smaller, and the current microwave rectifying circuits are only suitable for low-power microwave rectification, so that the optimal efficiency point of the current microwave rectifying circuits is always concentrated between 20 dBm and 30 dBm. Because the microwave energy is not uniformly distributed, sub-arrays in the middle position in the antenna array tend to receive higher power, and sub-arrays in the surrounding positions receive less energy, as shown in fig. 2. Therefore, in the whole antenna array, only a few rectifying circuits corresponding to subarrays with the power of 20-30dBm can achieve the purpose of high-efficiency rectification, and other rectifying circuits work at input power points with very low efficiency, so that the efficiency of the system is reduced. In addition, because of the problem of uneven power distribution, the direct current voltage output by each rectifying circuit is different, and the series-parallel operation cannot be directly performed, so that great trouble is brought to the integration of the direct current energy of the subsequent stage. In order to improve the overall efficiency of the WPT system receiving end and simplify the rectifying energy synthesizing process, the input of the rectifying circuit must be limited within the optimal input power range in consideration of the power matching problem between the antenna and the rectifying circuit.
The application aims to provide a rectifying antenna array mode for improving the efficiency of a receiving end of a WPT system based on a cross growth method, and the power matching of an antenna and a rectifying circuit is realized through the arrangement of antenna array elements, so that the efficiency of the rectifying end of the WPT system is improved, and the process of direct current energy integration is simplified.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at overcoming the defects of the background technology, and provides a microwave rectifying antenna array mode based on a cross growth method.
The application adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a microwave rectifying antenna array mode based on a cross growth method comprises the following 3 parts:
(1) Antenna distribution rules: and calculating the energy value received by each array element through an energy distribution model of the microwave receiving antenna, discretizing and then equivalent to an n multiplied by n digital matrix, wherein each element of the matrix corresponds to the energy of one array element of the antenna. The total energy received by the antenna array can be obtained by adding all elements of the energy matrix, the optimal output power of the antenna subarrays is determined according to the optimal input power range of the rectifying circuit, under the condition that the shape of the antenna is not considered, if the output power of each subarray is the optimal output power, the antenna array can be divided into m subarrays, the m is used as an initial condition, and the optimal output power is used as an end condition to arrange the antenna, so that the optimal efficiency can be achieved.
(2) Antenna distribution algorithm: under the condition that initial conditions and antenna distribution standards are determined, firstly, calculating from the middle element of the received energy matrix, and finding out the antenna subarray with the smallest area. Then on the basis of the subarray, a new subarray is increased upwards from four sides of the subarray to form a cross array, if the sum of four matrix elements formed by four corners of the cross array can reach the optimal output range, the sum is singly used as one subarray, if the sum cannot reach the optimal output range, the subarray is not processed temporarily, in the original increasing direction, the cross increase is continued outwards by taking four sides of the outermost periphery of the current cross array as the reference, and the four corner matrix of the new cross is judged and processed again. And continuously performing the iterative processing until the whole matrix arrangement is completed or the number of blocks reaches m.
(3) Rectenna array: and adjusting the antenna array structure according to the division result obtained by the antenna distribution algorithm to obtain a specific connection mode of the antenna array elements. Because the radio frequency power output by each antenna subarray is the same, each subarray is connected with a rectifying circuit with the same structure, the same output voltage and output current can be obtained at the output end of the rectifying circuit, and the subarrays are randomly connected in series and parallel according to the load requirement.
The application adopts the technical scheme and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Cost advantage: the application realizes the efficient utilization of energy only through the planning and the distribution of the antenna arrays, does not need to add an additional control circuit, does not increase the quantity and the area of the antenna arrays, and has lower cost.
(2) Performance advantage: compared with the method for respectively designing the receiving antenna and the rectifying circuit of the traditional WPT system, the application greatly improves the overall efficiency of the receiving end under the condition of not increasing the circuit by the cooperative design of the receiving antenna and the rectifying circuit, simultaneously enables the amplitude of the output voltage of each rectifying circuit to be relatively close, and reduces the complexity of direct current integration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structural diagram of a microwave wireless energy transmission receiving end system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the microwave receiving antenna energy distribution.
Fig. 3 is a model of the microwave receiving antenna energy distribution.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency-input power curve of the microwave rectifying circuit.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ideal antenna array distribution.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the actual antenna array distribution.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of antenna element connections.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of rectenna array.
Detailed Description
The microwave rectifying antenna array mode for improving the receiving end efficiency of the WPT system provided by the application is used for making the purposes, the technical scheme and the effects of the application clearer and more definite, and the application is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Aiming at the problem of low output efficiency caused by power mismatch between a receiving end antenna and a rectifying circuit of the traditional microwave energy transmission system, the application provides a microwave rectifying antenna array mode based on a cross growth method. The layout design is described below.
1. Regular antenna distribution
The energy received by the receiving antenna in the WPT system is not uniformly distributed, the whole of the WPT system presents the characteristics of high middle and low two sides, and after summarizing a large amount of experimental data, the energy distribution can be equivalent to a model shown in fig. 3 and is fitted as follows:
wherein alpha is a coefficient related to the transmission distance, x and y are coordinate values, d x,y Is the distance from the antenna element to the central antenna element at (x, y), i.eThe antenna array is composed of n×n array elements, and then the array is composed of sub-arrays, so that the above-mentioned model can be discretized, according to the position of array element in the array the energy value correspondent to each array element can be respectively calculated, and these energy values can be formed into a matrix according to correspondent position so as to obtain the antenna arrayEnergy matrix:
the general method of calculating the energy received by the antenna array is to perform a surface integral on the power density, this method ignores blank parts except array elements in the antenna array, and the calculation process of the surface integral is relatively complex, and this problem can be simplified by receiving an energy matrix. Because each element of the energy receiving matrix corresponds to the energy of one array element of the antenna, the energy received by the whole antenna array can be obtained by summing the elements, namely:
in order to determine the optimal output power of each antenna subarray, a rectifying circuit already designed at the receiving end is also needed to be combined, the efficiency-input power curve of the rectifying circuit is generally a unimodal curve, the simulation is shown in fig. 4, the optimal output power is 24.2dBm, and the optimal input power is set to be P in consideration of design generality ref . Then the optimal number of sub-arrays can be calculated without considering the array element positions:
according to P ref And m can determine the initial and end conditions for the antenna array division.
2. Antenna distribution algorithm
After determining the decision conditions, the specific distribution of the antenna array may be calculated by an algorithm. The antenna distribution problem belongs to a two-dimensional layout problem, is a typical NP-hard problem, and needs to find an optimal solution as much as possible through constraint conditions. However, the two-dimensional layout algorithm widely used at present is to lay out irregular random patterns, and is generally unsuitable for the energy matrix model in the application from the view point of the patterns. A "cross-over growth method" is proposed herein to layout the antenna array.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 20×20 antenna array, where each square represents an antenna element, and rectangles of different sizes represent different antenna sub-arrays, and the optimal number of sub-arrays is assumed to be 25 according to the requirement in 2. Starting from the central region of the antenna array, i.e. rectangle 1, a subarray comprising four array elements. Then, based on four sides of the subarray 1, the subarray starts to grow to the periphery, and when the subarray 1 grows to the third row, the sum of elements of the three rows can be found to fall in the optimal output power range, and the subarray 2 is taken as the subarray. For the rectangle of the cross four corners, the elements are added, and found to fall within the optimal output power range, and are also used as a subarray alone. The subarrays continue to grow to the periphery on the basis of four sides of a square surrounded by the subarrays 1, 2 and 3, at this time, a region which can fall in the optimal input power range cannot be found, the subarrays continue to grow to twice the optimal input power range, and then the newly grown subarrays are divided into two regions from the symmetry axis in the direction perpendicular to the growing direction, namely subarrays 4. Generalizing to the general case, it can be increased to N times the optimal input power range and subdivided into N regions. Meanwhile, the sum of rectangular subarray elements at the four corners of the cross cannot meet the requirement, the sum is ignored, and the subarray 5 is obtained by continuing to grow upwards on the basis of the outermost peripheral length of the subarray 4. And combining the quadrangle matrixes corresponding to the crosses of the subarrays 4 and 5 to obtain a larger subarray, wherein the sum of elements of the subarrays meets the requirement of the optimal input power range, and the sum of elements of the subarrays is taken as the subarray 6. The whole antenna array is divided, and the number of subarrays is just 25. In more cases, these two conditions may not be satisfied at the same time, so only one of the conditions needs to be completed during the actual execution. Fig. 6 shows the distribution of the antenna array completed by the rectifying circuit according to the received energy of the actual antenna and the actual use, and the requirement of completely dividing the whole array cannot be met in the figure, so that the requirement of only the number of subarrays is met.
3. Rectenna array
After the area division mode of the antenna array elements is obtained according to the antenna distribution algorithm, the array element number of each subarray can be determined, and for a microwave antenna with specific frequency, the optimal array element size and the optimal array element spacing are fixed, and the output power of each subarray can be changed only by changing the array element connection mode. Because the receiving antenna does not need to equally distribute power, only needs to perform power synthesis, and the arrangement form of the array elements can be any symmetrical structure on the premise that the number of the array elements is not prime number, the application designs a corresponding array element connection mode aiming at the antenna array element area obtained by an antenna distribution algorithm. As shown in fig. 7, squares formed by solid lines represent antenna array elements, squares formed by broken lines are antenna subarrays, an antenna array at a middle position adopts a one-to-four structure, the number of array elements of other subarrays is irregular, and the antenna array can adopt a structure of firstly connecting in series and then connecting in parallel, and the connection mode is suitable for any antenna subarrays which are not prime numbers.
The optimal input power of the antenna with the same structure is P ref The rectification circuits are connected to form a rectification antenna array, and the output power of each subarray, namely the input power of each rectification circuit, is quite similar, the direct current voltage and the current quantity output by the rectification antenna are quite similar, and the rectification antenna array is marked as V out And I out . The output power is:
P out ＝V out *I out
the modules with the same voltage and current can be connected in series and parallel at will, the problem of direct current energy integration is simplified, the output characteristics of the rectenna are not needed to be considered, and the series and parallel connection can be carried out according to the number of loads and the power consumption requirement of each load. As shown in fig. 8, taking an l×l antenna array as an example, there are k loads in total, where the input power required by the load 1 is 2P out Load k requires an input power P out And/l, supplying energy of 2l subarrays to the load 1, and supplying energy of l subarrays to the load k.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present application falls within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The microwave rectifying antenna array mode based on the cross growth method is characterized in that a receiving antenna energy model is discretized to obtain an energy matrix, the optimal subarray number of the microwave rectifying antenna array is determined according to the energy matrix and the optimal input power of a rectifying circuit, the microwave rectifying antenna array is divided by the cross growth method until the optimal subarray number requirement is met or the total output power of the microwave rectifying antenna array obtained after division meets the optimal output power range of the rectifying circuit, and array elements in all the microwave rectifying antenna subarrays are connected in a symmetrical layout mode;
the specific method for dividing the microwave rectifying antenna array by adopting the cross growth method until the requirement of the number of the optimal subarrays is met or the total output power of the divided microwave rectifying antenna array meets the optimal output power range of the rectifying circuit is as follows:
searching the antenna subarray with the smallest area from the element in the middle of the energy matrix, forming a cross array by starting to grow outwards from the four sides of the antenna subarray with the smallest area,
when the sum of the elements of the current cross array meets the optimal output power range of the rectifying circuit, the four matrixes forming the current cross array are respectively used as a single subarray,
when the sum of the elements of the blank four-corner matrix array of the current cross array meets the optimal output power range of the rectifying circuit, the blank four-corner matrix array of the current cross array is respectively used as an independent subarray,
when the sum of the elements of the blank four-corner matrix array of the current cross array does not meet the optimal output power range of the rectifying circuit, the blank four-corner matrix array of the current cross array is not divided, and in the increasing direction of the current cross array, four edges of the outermost periphery of the current cross array are used as references to be increased outwards to form a new cross array,
repeating the dividing process until the requirement of the optimal subarray number is met or the total output power of the microwave rectifying antenna array obtained after dividing meets the optimal output power range of the rectifying circuit.
2. The microwave rectenna array method based on the cross growth method of claim 1, wherein the energy matrix is a power matrix corresponding to each antenna element position, and the value of each element in the power matrix is the output power of the antenna element at the position.
3. The microwave rectenna array method based on the cross growth method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method for determining the optimal number of subarrays of the microwave rectenna array according to the energy matrix and the optimal input power of the rectifying circuit comprises the following steps: and accumulating all elements of the energy matrix to obtain the total output power of the microwave rectifying antenna array, and obtaining the optimal subarray number of the microwave rectifying antenna array according to the ratio of the total output power of the microwave rectifying antenna array to the optimal input power of the rectifying circuit.
4. The microwave rectenna array system based on the cross growth method according to claim 1, wherein when the sum of the elements of the current cross array does not satisfy the optimal output power range of the rectifying circuit, the cross array satisfying the optimal output power range of the N-times rectifying circuit is formed by growing outwards from four sides of the antenna subarray with the smallest area, and in the direction perpendicular to the growing direction, four matrixes of the cross array satisfying the optimal output power range of the N-times rectifying circuit are respectively equally divided into N subarrays.
5. A microwave rectenna array method based on a cross growth method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the specific method for connecting array elements in each microwave rectenna subarray in a symmetrical layout manner is as follows: when the array element number in the microwave rectifying antenna subarray is not prime, the array elements in each microwave rectifying antenna subarray are connected in an arbitrary symmetrical mode.
6. The microwave rectifying antenna is characterized in that the microwave rectifying antenna array is divided according to the microwave rectifying antenna array mode based on the cross growth method as claimed in claim 1, a rectifying circuit is connected behind each microwave rectifying antenna subarray, and the output ends of the rectifying circuits are connected in series and parallel according to the number of loads and the electricity consumption requirement of the loads.
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