CN114160787A - Manufacturing method of non-shrinkage tungsten framework - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of non-shrinkage tungsten framework Download PDFInfo
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- CN114160787A CN114160787A CN202111487619.6A CN202111487619A CN114160787A CN 114160787 A CN114160787 A CN 114160787A CN 202111487619 A CN202111487619 A CN 202111487619A CN 114160787 A CN114160787 A CN 114160787A
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical group O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/001—Starting from powder comprising reducible metal compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1143—Making porous workpieces or articles involving an oxidation, reduction or reaction step
Abstract
A method for manufacturing a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton comprises the steps of adding a small amount of oxide powder into tungsten powder, reducing in a hydrogen atmosphere to form sintering necks among tungsten particles, and sintering to form the tungsten skeleton. The sintering neck is formed in the reduction stage and the sintering temperature is low, so that the tungsten framework does not shrink; meanwhile, only tungsten or molybdenum atoms exist in the sintering neck, and the strength of the tungsten skeleton is similar to that of the tungsten skeleton prepared by a common high-temperature sintering method. The tungsten powder has an average particle size of 3-20 microns and a particle size of 0.5-5 microns. The invention has the advantages that: the sintering temperature of the tungsten framework is reduced, the energy consumption is low, and because the tungsten framework is not shrunk, the content of subsequent infiltration metal can be accurately controlled, and the consistency of chemical components and performance of an infiltration product is greatly improved. The non-shrinkage tungsten framework brings great convenience for accurately controlling the content of the infiltration metal in the subsequent infiltration stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrical contacts or sweating materials, in particular to a manufacturing method of a non-shrinking tungsten framework.
Background
The conventional method for preparing high-voltage electrical contacts or sweating materials is to use an infiltration method, i.e. firstly preparing a framework and then infiltrating metal elements. Tungsten element is a metal element with high melting point (3410 ℃), and has good electric conductivity and heat conductivity, and the price of tungsten raw materials is relatively low, so that the high-voltage electrical contact and some sweating materials are usually prepared from the tungsten element.
The tungsten skeleton is prepared by using tungsten powder with certain granularity as material, adding some activating matter and forming agent, pressing into block in certain shape and sintering in furnace. The sintering temperature of the tungsten framework is high, and in the sintering process, tungsten atoms are diffused among the tungsten powders to form a sintering neck, so that metallurgical bonding is formed among the tungsten powders, and the tungsten framework with certain strength is obtained.
Because the sintering neck is formed by the diffusion of tungsten atoms in the tungsten powder to the neck, the center distance between the original tungsten powder is shortened, the size of the billet is shrunk, and the outline size of the finally obtained tungsten framework is smaller than the outline size of the original billet. Since the formation of the sintering necks is dependent on many factors, such as compaction pressure, sintering temperature, amount of added activating substance, etc., the final dimensions of the tungsten skeleton are difficult to control.
Because the size of the tungsten skeleton is difficult to control, the tungsten skeleton with different external dimensions can be obtained due to different shrinkage rates after sintering even though the same mass of tungsten powder is used for pressing the compact with the same external dimensions. The tungsten frameworks with different sizes mean that the quality of the infiltrated metal is different, which directly results in different chemical compositions and inconsistent performance of the same batch of infiltrated products, and the product quality is unstable. Other related patents, such as CN 102747239B a method for manufacturing copper-tungsten alloy with tungsten skeleton, CN 104362015B a method for manufacturing copper-tungsten contact material, all have the problem of inconsistent chemical composition due to the difficulty in controlling the size of tungsten skeleton. CN103981389B A method for preparing tungsten-copper alloy by sintering tungsten skeleton at low temperature, although blue tungsten, a tungsten oxide of tungsten, is also added, the main purpose of the patent is to ensure the formation of tungsten skeleton communicating aperture by the water vapor generated by hydrogen reduction blue tungsten, and increase the density of the alloy after infiltration. Moreover, the method reasonably deduces that the tungsten skeleton obtained by the method has obvious volume shrinkage from the mass (5-20 wt%) of the added blue tungsten, and is completely different from the purpose of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing tungsten skeleton manufacturing method and provide a novel tungsten skeleton manufacturing method, namely a manufacturing method of a non-shrinkage tungsten skeleton. The tungsten skeleton manufactured by the invention has almost the same external dimension as the final tungsten skeleton because no obvious shrinkage occurs in the sintering process, namely, the sintered tungsten skeleton has basically the same external dimension after the tungsten powder with the same mass is pressed into the compact with the same external dimension. This will ensure that the same volume is within the tungsten skeleton for infiltration of metal elements, such as copper, to form tungsten copper alloys with the same chemical composition, thus significantly improving the consistency of chemical composition and quality stability of the infiltrated product. In order to manufacture the non-shrinkage tungsten framework, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing method of a non-shrinkage tungsten skeleton is characterized in that: adding metal oxide powder into tungsten powder, adding a forming agent, and uniformly mixing in a mixer; then pressing the mixed powder in a mould to prepare a billet; then degumming in an atmosphere furnace at the temperature of between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃; then reducing in hydrogen atmosphere, the reducing temperature is between 700 and 900 ℃, forming a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton, and the metal oxide powder can be tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide.
The forming agent is paraffin, stearic acid and the like, and is added in a form of dissolving in solvent oil;
the mixer is a conventional ball mill or a ball-free mixer;
the briquettes can use a common press or a cold isostatic press;
the tungsten powder is added with oxide powder, the metal oxide powder can be tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide, and reduction is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the reduction temperature is between 700 ℃ and 900 ℃.
The tungsten particles have an average size of 3-20 microns.
The amount of the added metal oxide powder is 0.5-5% of the total mass of the tungsten powder.
The particle size of the added metal oxide powder is 0.5-5 microns.
The addition amount of the forming agent is 0.5-2%.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting tungsten powder with the average particle size of 3-20 microns, wherein the purity of the tungsten powder is more than 99%; selecting metal tungsten oxide powder with the particle size of 0.5-5 microns, wherein the purity is more than 99%; dissolving a forming agent paraffin or stearic acid in kerosene or gasoline to prepare forming liquid;
2) uniformly mixing tungsten powder, tungsten oxide powder and forming liquid, and properly heating and mixing;
3) pressing the mixed powder into a compact with a certain size, wherein the density of the compact is 50-90%;
4) the briquettes are demoulded in a nitrogen dewaxing furnace at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 5-10 hours.
In the hydrogen reducing atmosphere, the dew point of hydrogen is-50 to-10 ℃.
The principle of no shrinkage of the tungsten skeleton is as follows: when the metal oxide powder is reduced in a hydrogen furnace, the solid oxide powder can be converted into gas (such as tungsten bloom) by controlling the dew point of hydrogen in the hydrogen furnace, and reduced tungsten atoms or molybdenum atoms are deposited near the contact point of tungsten particles with each other through gas phase migration, and the curvature radius of the contact point is small, so that the deposition of the tungsten atoms or the molybdenum atoms is facilitated. These deposited tungsten or molybdenum atoms connect the tungsten particles to one another to form a sintering neck, i.e., create a metallurgical bond to form a tungsten skeleton. Because the tungsten skeleton sintering neck is formed by tungsten or molybdenum atoms in the oxide obtained by gas phase migration, the tungsten atoms in the tungsten powder are not formed by diffusion, and the sintering temperature is lower, the center distance between the tungsten powder is not obviously changed, namely, the tungsten powder is not obviously shrunk. This result has been experimentally confirmed, see FIGS. 1-2.
The process flow is as follows: mixing → pressing → degumming → reducing → sintering.
The invention has the advantages that:
compared with the traditional tungsten framework, the manufacturing method of the non-shrinkage tungsten framework is characterized in that metal oxide powder is added into tungsten powder, hydrogen reduction is added, the reduction temperature is between 700-900 ℃, and the purpose is to form the non-shrinkage tungsten framework. The pressure used in the pressing step has a certain relationship with the amount of the metal oxide added, i.e., the greater the pressing pressure, the lower the amount of the metal oxide added. The non-shrinkage tungsten skeleton brings great convenience for accurately controlling the content of the infiltration metal in the subsequent infiltration stage. The sintering temperature of the tungsten framework is reduced, the energy consumption is low, and because the tungsten framework is not shrunk, the content of subsequent infiltration metal can be accurately controlled, and the consistency of chemical components and performance of an infiltration product is greatly improved.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 shows the morphology of a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton in a scanning electron microscope;
FIG. 2 shows the scanning electron microscope morphology of the sintering neck of the non-shrinking tungsten skeleton.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.
The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: the rapid preparation method of the non-shrinking tungsten skeleton comprises the following steps:
respectively mixing 99.5 wt% of metal tungsten powder and 99.5 wt% of tungsten oxide powder: 0.5 wt% of paraffin liquid is added in addition to 0.5 wt% of paraffin liquid for mixing, and the mixture is mixed in a mixer for 16 hours; the granularity of the metal tungsten powder and the tungsten oxide powder is less than 20 microns, and the purity of the metal tungsten powder and the tungsten oxide powder is more than 99 wt%.
And pressing the mixed powder into a briquette with a certain size, wherein the pressing pressure is 100 MPa.
The pressed compact is degummed in nitrogen, the degummed temperature is between 200 and 400 ℃, and the time is 5 to 10 hours.
Reducing the degummed compact in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the dew point of hydrogen is-10 ℃, and the reduction temperature is 800 ℃. The morphology of the tungsten skeleton is shown in a scanning electron microscope picture in attached figure 1, and the size of the tungsten skeleton is the same as that of the molded compact.
The second embodiment: the rapid preparation method of the non-shrinking tungsten framework comprises the following steps:
respectively mixing metal tungsten powder and tungsten oxide powder according to the mass percentage of 98 wt%: 2 wt% of paraffin liquid with the weight percent of 1 wt% is added for ball milling and mixing, and the ball-material ratio is 3: 1, ball milling for 8 hours at the rotating speed of 200 r/min; the granularity of the metal tungsten powder and the tungsten oxide powder is less than 20 microns, and the purity of the metal tungsten powder and the tungsten oxide powder is more than 99 wt%.
And (3) pressing the powder after ball milling and mixing into a blank block with a certain size, wherein the pressing pressure is 60 MPa.
The green compact is degummed in nitrogen, the degummed temperature is between 200 and 400 ℃, and the time is 8 hours.
Reducing the degummed compact in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the dew point of hydrogen is-20 ℃, and the reduction temperature is 750 ℃, so as to obtain the non-shrinkable tungsten skeleton.
The third embodiment is as follows: the rapid preparation method of the non-shrinking tungsten skeleton comprises the following steps:
respectively mixing metal tungsten powder and tungsten oxide powder according to the mass percentage of 97 wt%: 3 wt%, adding 0.5 wt% of stearic acid solution for ball milling and mixing, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 3: 1, ball milling for 10 hours at the rotating speed of 200 r/min; the granularity of the metal tungsten powder and the tungsten oxide powder is less than 20 microns, and the purity of the metal tungsten powder and the tungsten oxide powder is more than 99 wt%.
And pressing the powder after ball milling and mixing into a briquette with a certain size, wherein the pressing pressure is 40 MPa.
The green compact is degummed in nitrogen, the degummed temperature is between 200 and 400 ℃, and the time is 10 hours.
Reducing the degummed compact in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the dew point of hydrogen is-40 ℃, and the reduction temperature is 900 ℃, so that the non-shrinkable tungsten skeleton is obtained.
The fourth embodiment: the rapid preparation method of the non-shrinking tungsten skeleton comprises the following steps:
respectively mixing metal tungsten powder and tungsten oxide powder according to the mass percentage of 95 wt%: 5 wt%, adding 1.5 wt% of stearic acid solution for ball milling and mixing, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 3: 1, ball milling for 6 hours at the rotating speed of 200 r/min; the granularity of the metal tungsten powder and the tungsten oxide powder is less than 20 microns, and the purity of the metal tungsten powder and the tungsten oxide powder is more than 99 wt%.
And (3) pressing the powder after ball milling and mixing into a briquette with a certain size, wherein the pressing pressure is 25 MPa.
The green compact is degummed in nitrogen, and the degumming temperature is between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃.
Reducing the degummed compact in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the dew point of hydrogen is-50 ℃, and the reduction temperature is 800 ℃, so that the non-shrinkable tungsten skeleton is obtained.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The invention is not the best known technology.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A manufacturing method of a non-shrinkage tungsten skeleton is characterized in that: adding metal oxide powder into tungsten powder, adding a forming agent, and uniformly mixing in a mixer; then pressing the mixed powder in a mould to prepare a billet; then degumming in an atmosphere furnace at the temperature of between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃; then reducing in hydrogen atmosphere, the reducing temperature is between 700 and 900 ℃, forming a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton, and the metal oxide powder can be tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide.
The forming agent is paraffin, stearic acid and the like, and is added in a form of dissolving in solvent oil;
the mixer is a conventional ball mill or a ball-free mixer;
the briquettes can be used with a common press or cold isostatic press.
2. The method of manufacturing a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton according to claim 1, wherein: the tungsten powder is added with oxide powder, the metal oxide powder can be tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide, and reduction is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere, and the reduction temperature is between 700 ℃ and 900 ℃.
3. The method of manufacturing a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton according to claim 1, wherein: the tungsten particles have an average size of 3-20 microns.
4. The method of manufacturing a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton according to claim 1, wherein: the amount of the added metal oxide powder is 0.5-5% of the total mass of the tungsten powder.
5. The method of manufacturing a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the added metal oxide powder is 0.5-5 microns.
6. The method of manufacturing a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton according to claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of the forming agent is 0.5-2%.
7. The method of manufacturing a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting tungsten powder with the average particle size of 3-20 microns, wherein the purity of the tungsten powder is more than 99%; selecting metal tungsten oxide powder with the particle size of 0.5-5 microns, wherein the purity is more than 99%; dissolving a forming agent paraffin or stearic acid in kerosene or gasoline to prepare forming liquid;
2) uniformly mixing tungsten powder, tungsten oxide powder and forming liquid, and properly heating and mixing;
3) pressing the mixed powder into a compact with a certain size, wherein the density of the compact is 50-90%;
4) the briquettes are demoulded in a nitrogen dewaxing furnace at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 400 ℃ for 5-10 hours.
8. The method of manufacturing a non-shrinking tungsten skeleton according to claim 1, wherein: in the hydrogen reducing atmosphere, the dew point of hydrogen is-50 to-10 ℃.
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| CN114367664A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-19 | 辽宁蓝煜新材料有限公司 | Process for preparing non-shrinking tungsten skeleton by wet method |
| CN116479278A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-07-25 | 苏州市希尔孚新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic modified copper-tungsten alloy electrical contact material |
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| CN116479278A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-07-25 | 苏州市希尔孚新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic modified copper-tungsten alloy electrical contact material |
| CN116479278B (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2024-02-02 | 苏州市希尔孚新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic modified copper-tungsten alloy electrical contact material |
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